General properties of aqueous solutions of sodium silicates as a function of most important parameters, such as: silicate modulus, concentration, temperature, pH, ageing time, presence of electrolytes and technology of their preparation, are presented in this work. At the same time the proposition of treating these systems as mixtures of silicic acid and silicates, buffer mixtures and inorganic colloids, was given. The history of studies of the properties and molecular composition of water glasses solutions, both in Poland and abroad, was included in this work. Because of the complexity of the discussed systems, arising from the diverse levels of condensation of both silicic acids and silicate ions, a review of most frequently used and most useful methods and experimental techniques for the evaluation of molecular composition of aqueous solutions of silicates, was conducted. Such diversity of experimental techniques is a consequence of the fact that water glasses and systems in which they occur, having such versatile applications in many branches of the economy, still do not have complete and uniform literature study. It is the reason why in this article general conclusions based on experimental results received with the discussed methods are presented.
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