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EN
Geologic evolution of the Tibetan plateau is characterized by crustal extension and horizontal movement in the post-collision stage, during which, approximate north–south (N–S) trending tectonic belts typically represented by Tangra-Yumco rift are developed. The Tangra-Yumco tectonic belt is an ideal object to investigate the deep structure and mechanism of the crustal extension. The magnetotelluric (MT) method is effective in probing crustal structures, especially for high-conductivity bodies. A MT profile of east–west direction with dense stations has been carried out across the Tangra-Yumco tectonic belt. Resistivity models independently derived from two-dimensional and three-dimensional inversions provided more detailed geophysical constraints on the mechanism of crustal extension and deformation. A significant conductor with estimated melt fraction as 3.0–7.5% in mid-lower crust was revealed under the N–S tectonic belt, where the asthenospheric upwelling through the slab-tearing window might have induced partial melting of the lithospheric mantle and lower crust. Combined with previous studies, the upward migration of hot mantle materials and the expansion of the lower crust should be the primary mechanism driving east–west (E–W) extension of the brittle upper crust with high resistivity above the depth of 30 km. According to lateral electrical discontinuity in the upper crust, we inferred that there might exist three normal faults with the reference of topography and the trend of extension of the existing faults. The expansion and deformation of the conductor might have pulled the brittle upper crust and cause significant E–W extension, leading to the formation of the approximate N–S trending rift and normal faults.
2
Content available remote Jordan centralizer maps on trivial extension algebras
EN
The structure of Jordan centralizer maps is investigated on trivial extension algebras. One may obtain some conditions under which a Jordan centralizer map on a trivial extension algebra is a centralizer map. As an application, we characterize the Jordan centralizer map on a triangular algebra.
PL
W czerwcu 2017 roku Szanghajska Organizacja Współpracy (SzOW) powiększyła się o dwa nowe państwa: Indie i Pakistan. Był to ważny moment w funkcjonowaniu tej azjatyckiej organizacji bezpieczeństwa, pokazała ona bowiem zdolność do adaptowania się do nowych uwarunkowań geopolitycznych w regionie. Przyjęcie dwóch dużych krajów Azji Południowej do SzOW łączy się jednak z ryzykiem, że organizacja stanie się dysfunkcyjna, nowe państwa członkowskie od lat bowiem trwają w konflikcie. Uważa się, że trudno będzie pogodzić interesy Indii i Pakistanu w organizacji, a tarcia między nimi będą osłabiać jej spoistość. Nie wszystkie kraje Azji Centralnej są zadowolone z powiększenia SzOW o Indie i Pakistan - państwa posiadające broń nuklearną. Autor analizuje potencjalne korzyści i obawy państw Azji Centralnej w związku z rozszerzeniem SzOW. Mogą skorzystać na tym gospodarczo państwa poradzieckiej Azji Centralnej. Możliwa wydaje się też integracja gospodarcza Azji Centralnej z Azją Południową.
EN
In June 2017, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) admitted two new countries: India and Pakistan. This fact is an important moment in the functioning of this regional security organization in Asia, as it demonstrated its capability to adapt to the new geopolitical conditions in the region. The admission of two large South Asian countries to the SCO carries a risk with itself that the organization may become dysfunctional due to the inclusion of two countries being in ongoing conflict. It is argued that it will be difficult to reconcile the interests of India and Pakistan in SCO and the tensions between these two new member states might weaken the cohesion of the organization. Also, not all Central Asian countries are satisfied with the admission of India and Pakistan to the SCO, both countries having nuclear weapons. This article analyses the potential benefits and concerns of the Central Asian countries in relation to the enlargement of SCO. Due to the expansion of the organization, the countries of post-Soviet Central Asia may benefit from economic development. The economic integration of Central Asia with South Asia may occur.
PL
Artykuł stanowi kontynuację badań dotyczących zmodyfikowanego algorytmu dynamicznego programowania dla optymalizacji reguł decyzyjnych względem pokrycia. Praca przedstawia wyniki eksperymentalne dotyczące regułowego klasyfikatora, dla zbiorów danych umieszczonych w Repozytorium Uczenia Maszynowego.
EN
The article is a continuation of research connected with a modified dy-namic programming algorithm for optimization of decision rules relative to coverage. The paper contains experimental results for rule based classifier using data sets from UCI Machine Learning Repository.
EN
We consider the problem of existence and uniqueness of extensions for the solutions of the Pexider type equation f(x + y) = g(x) + h(y) + k(x)l(y) for (x, y) ∈ D, where X is a normed space and D is a nonempty open and connected subset of X2.
PL
Niniejsza publikacja traktuje o zagadnieniach adaptacji oraz naprawy przestrzeni dachowej do współczesnych celów użytkowych. Artykuł przedstawia charakterystykę najczęściej stosowanych rozwiązań projektowych, w odniesieniu do struktur dachowych budynków wzniesionych według tradycyjnych technologii budowlanych pod koniec XIX i na początku XX wieku, na gęsto zaludnionych obszarach miejskich, które często zlokalizowane są w strefach ochrony konserwatorskiej. Zaproponowana charakterystyka poparta jest przykładami projektów przestrzeni dachowej oraz rodzajów konstrukcji więźb dachowych i drewnianych stropów.
EN
The publication covers the issues of adaptation and repair of roof space for contemporary utility functions. The article presents the characteristics of the most common design solutions of roof structures in buildings erected in traditional construction technologies in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century in a dense urban area, which often are located in conservation areas. The proposed characterization is supported by actual examples of roof space design and construction types of timber roof truss and wooden ceilings.
7
Content available remote Multi-phase flow mixture through a sudden change in channel cross-section
EN
The paper presents the results of a study involving the impact of sudden change of crosssectional area on the flow patterns and local pressure drops for flow of multi-phase mixture. The experiment was conducted in the conditions of a horizontal and vertical flow through a measuring channel. Pressure drops calculated on the basis Kawahara and Lottes methods are compared with experimental data. A system of two interconnected pipes with internal diameters of 40 and 22 mm as well as 46 and 16 mm and a total length of 7 m formed the measurement channel. The experiments involved air, water and oil.
PL
W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań dotyczących wpływu gwałtownej zmiany pola przekroju poprzecznego kanału na struktury przepływu oraz miejscowe straty ciśnienia w przepływie mieszaniny wielofazowej. Porównano spadki ciśnienia obliczone na podstawie metod Kawahary i Lottesa z wartościami eksperymentalnymi. Badania prowadzono w warunkach poziomego i pionowego przepływu przez kanał pomiarowy z przeszkodą lokalną. Kanał pomiarowy stanowił układ dwóch rur o średnicach wewnętrznych 40 i 22 mm oraz 46 i 16 mm i całkowitej długości 7 m. Fazę gazową stanowiło powietrze, a fazę ciekłą olej maszynowy i woda.
8
Content available remote Hopfian and co-hopfian subsemigroups and extensions
EN
This paper investigates the preservation of hopficity and co-hopficity on passing to finite-index subsemigroups and extensions. It was already known that hopficity is not preserved on passing to finite Rees index subsemigroups, even in the finitely generated case. We give a stronger example to show that it is not preserved even in the finitely presented case. It was also known that hopficity is not preserved in general on passing to finite Rees index extensions, but that it is preserved in the finitely generated case. We show that, in contrast, hopficity is not preserved on passing to finite Green index extensions, even within the class of finitely presented semigroups. Turning to co-hopficity, we prove that within the class of finitely generated semigroups, co-hopficity is preserved on passing to finite Rees index extensions, but is not preserved on passing to finite Rees index subsemigroups, even in the finitely presented case. Finally, by linking co-hopficity for graphs to co-hopficity for semigroups, we show that without the hypothesis of finite generation, co-hopficity is not preserved on passing to finite Rees index extensions.
9
Content available remote FE analysis of tube forming process with experimental verification
EN
Purpose: of this paper: The paper presents some results of extensive investigation of steel seam-welded tubes forming process, by applying combined treatment of material narrowing and expansion. The objective of executed numerical FE and experimental investigations was to determine the optimal technology for production of tubular product at simple tools and at the standard forming processing machines, without defects and with demanded dimensional accuracy. Design/methodology/approach: Tube forming was done in one phase, in tool with two shaping spherical parts, that enables the expansion of the specimen’s central zone and the filling of the die due to narrowing of the specimen ends, when certain conditions are achieved and with appropriate combination of influential process parameters (outer diameter, height and tube’s wall thickness, as well as friction conditions). Series of physical and numerical FE experiments was performed. Findings: Optimal dimensions of tubular product, with required process stability, were obtained this way. Also, results of experiments pointed out that the best process stability and die filling is achieved with specimens whose surfaces had previously been chemically treated. Results of numerical FE simulations of process are quite verified by experiments. Practical implications: Obtained results have practical significance in solving similar processing problems. It also enables to investigate and broaden the knowledge on stability of these kinds of processes, beyond the scope of experimental investigations. Tubular product that is subjected to numerical-experimental investigation in this paper is prepared by narrowing it at both ends thus excluding the possibility to apply holder inside the tube. Originality/value: Proposed method offers possibility for production of tubular products at simple forming machines and tools, without complex and expensive hydroforming equipment.
10
EN
The classical Cayley-Hamilton theorem is extended to continuous-time linear systems with delays. The matrices $A_0, A_1, dots, A_h in R^{n times n}$ of the system with $h$ delays $dot xleft(t right) = A_0 xleft(t right) + sum_{i = 1}^h {A_i xleft( {t - hi} right) + Buleft( t right)}$ satisfy $nh + 1$ algebraic matrix equations with coefficients of the characteristic polynomial $pleft( {s,w}right) = det left[ {I_n s - A_0 - A_1 w - cdots - A_h w^h }right]$, $w = e^{- hs}$.
11
Content available remote Kontrowersyjne problemy bezpieczeństwa europejskiego
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