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EN
Pea is one of the most important legumes grown in the world. The seeds are used for food production and animal feed. The problem with its cultivation is the low yield and sensitivity to the course of the weather. The important factor is to determine the optimal sowing rate and row spacing, especially for new cultivars of pea. Therefore, research was undertaken to assess the effect of row spacing and sowing density on selected physiological parameters, yielding, and structural elements of peas cv. ‘Batuta’ in Poland. The results of the research showed that the row spacing and sowing density determine the values of plant physiological parameters, yield of pea seeds and protein content. The increase in plant density in the canopy caused a decrease in the measured parameters of chlorophyll fluorescence, such as maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) and maximum quantum yield of primary photochemistry (Fv/F0) and performance index (PI). The leaf area index (LAI) was lower with a wider row spacing. Row spacing and plant density determined yield of pea seeds, number of pods and seeds per plant and weight of seeds per plant. Wider row spacing resulted in a decrease in the protein content in seeds, while an increase in sowing density from 70 to 110 m2 caused its increase. The course of the weather during the vegetation period of plants significantly influenced the obtained results.
EN
Appropriate agrotechnical measures make it possible to optimise plant cultivation and obtain yields of the highest quality with an appropriate economic production index. The aim of the study was to evaluate different sowing density and row spacing on the morphological and mechanical properties of white lupine (Lupinus albus L.) seeds. The field experiment was conducted at the Experimental Station for Variety Evaluation in Przecław (50°11'25.2" N, 21°28'55.0" E). The experiment was established at two row spacings (15 cm and 30 cm) and three sowing densities (60, 75, 90 plants per m2). Mechanical parameters evaluated included destructive force FD (N), relative deformation DR (%) and destructive energy ED (mJ). Seed morphological properties such as weight, length and width were also assessed. Sphericity was also calculated. In the present study, improvements in the mechanical properties of the seeds were obtained by increasing the plant density per unit area of the experiment. In the case of morphological characteristics, only the weight of the analysed lupine seeds changed significantly as a result of row spacing. On the other hand, sowing density did not significantly affect morphological traits. of white lupine seeds. Apart from the spacing and sowing density of plants, the weather conditions in particular years of research were an important factor determining the properties of seeds. Determining the optimum sowing density and row spacing in the field contributes to the optimisation of the production process. Quasi-static mechanical tests are often used to obtain reasonable data on the physical properties of plant materials.
EN
Salvia sclarea L. is a commercially important crop from the Lamiaceae family, the raw material of which serves as a source of valuable essential oil. Effects of fertilizers, ploughing depth, time of sowing and row spacing on the productivity of nutmeg sage grown under conditions of drip irrigation were investigated in the field experiments conducted on meadow-chestnut residual-saline medium-loam soils of the southern Ukraine. It was found that time of sowing and fertilizer dose had a greater impact on the productivity of sage than row spacing and ploughing depth. Regarding the duration of S. sclarea L. cultivation, it was determined that within the first three years the inflorescence yield ranged from 9.98–10.62 t/ha, and in the fourth year – decreased by 6.8 times, amounting to 0.74–1.74 t/ha. The maximum productivity of the plant was achieved in the second year of cultivation during the winter sowing period with row spacing of 45 cm, ploughing depth of 28–30 cm and dose of N60P90 fertilizer of 15.01 t/ha. With the same ploughing depth and dose of N60P90 fertilizer, high level of productivity, 14.74 t/ha, was also achieved when row spacing of 70 cm was used. Application of mineral fertilizers at doses similar to N60P90 under the main tillage during winter sowing period resulted in 51.1 kg/ha and 51.3 kg/ha yields of essential oil in the first and second years of cultivation, respectively. In the third and fourth years, the yields dropped to 33.3 kg/ha and 8.7 kg/ha or by 35.1% and 83.0%, respectively. During spring sowing period, the yield of essential oil was in the range of 19.2–24.6 kg/ha in the first three years, but in the fourth year – decreased to 6.5 kg/ha or by 73.6%. Therefore, to obtain inflorescence yield of nutmeg sage at the level of 14.5–15.0 t/ha with essential oil yield of 51.0 kg/ha in arid climates, it is recommended to use drip irrigation, row spacing of 45 cm, ploughing depth of 28–30 cm, fertilizer at a dose of N60P90 and sowing time in the first ten-day period of December (winter period).
EN
The authors studied the cultivation technology with drip irrigation based on renewable water energy in comparison with furrow irrigation in two agro-ecological zones in south and southeast Kazakhstan. Three soybean varieties (Lastochka, Danaya, and Akku) were used in the study. Due to the uniform supply of water to the roots of plants, drip irrigation has a positive effect on the quantitative characteristics of growth and development of soybean plants and the formation of productivity indices, as compared to furrow irrigation. The yield of soybean varieties (an integral index that depends on the irrigation methods) increased for all varieties by 5.6–10.6 c/ha with the use of drip irrigation.
EN
The paper presents analysis of aggregates and tillage-sowing cultivators equipped with soil loosening and fertilizer applying tines in the aspect of correlating rows of fertilizer with rows of plants and discusses the resulting differences. Examples of tine placement patterns in adjustable spacing are shown, allowing the aggregate to be adapted to localized fertilization during sowing of various plants.
PL
Przeanalizowano agregaty uprawowe i uprawowo-siewne wyposażone w zęby spulchniające pasowo glebę i aplikujące nawóz w aspekcie skorelowania rzędów nawozu z rzędami roślin i omówiono wynikające z tego różnice. Przedstawiono przykładowe schematy rozmieszczenia zębów w regulowanym rozstawie, umożliwiającym przystosowanie agregatu do zlokalizowanego nawożenia podczas siewu różnych roślin.
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