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2 2019

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Anomaly of rotor dynamics in ultra-light helicopter – Robinson R22

Sobieszek Agnieszka

Journal of KONES

2019

Vol. 26, No. 4

235--239

The article presents the analysis of anomaly of rotor dynamics in ultra-light helicopter - Robinson R22. Robinson R22 is two-seat, two-blade main rotor and single-engine helicopter, well known as simple and common used aircraft because of low price and high availability. At the same time, large number of accidents and strictly defined rules (recommended piloting technique) and weather condition for safe flight show disadvantages of Robinson R22. The reason for considering this topic is the analysis of different flight properties and helicopter behaviour as well as easy entering into dangerous flight manoeuvre. In the article different flight properties and loss of control during the pull-up, manoeuvre or vertical gusts of wind and mast bumping accidents were analysed. Analysis shows that problem may be caused by construction of three-hinged rotor hub, designed and patented by F. Robinson. Article presents model of rotor hub and review of main rotor and rotor hub construction in light helicopters. Because of number of accidents, caused by the unusual behaviour of Robinson R22, restrictive pilotage rules were introduced: prohibition of flight in certain weather conditions, the necessity of attending additional training conducted by trained instructors. To reduce the probability of an accident a special instruction for specific Robinson R22 properties was created. Moreover, the statistics of accidents resulting from loss of control and review of legal changes caused by Robinson R22 accidents are presented.

2019Gyroplane rotor hubs strength tests

Wojtas Małgorzata, Sobieszek Agnieszka

Journal of KONES

2019

Vol. 26, No. 3

265--270

In this article a review of rotor,hub constructions were presented. Discussed rotor’s hub ismade of composite or aluminum alloys materials. Two types of rotor hub were presented (four-blades and two-blades teetering rotor hub), each of them are dedicated to gyroplanes. Typical gyroplane main rotors are characterized by simple design, especially in case of rotors forlight gyroplanes. In the following part of the article thetype of strength tests required by certification process were shown. The test programs based on legal aspects of admission to the flight tests taking into account legislation such as CS 27 (Subpart C – Strength Requirements), CAP 643 British Civil Airworthiness requirements Section T Light gyroplanes, ASTM F2972. Furthermore, this articlediscusses strength tests of gyroplane rotor hub such as measured parameters, methodology of measurement, types of sensors, course of test, test stands, and limit loads. The loads during “pull-up from level flight” manoeuvreare limit loads during tests. Required additional processes, like averification the same parameters by two types of method were shown i.e.deformation of structure were tested by strain gauges and reverse engineering.Strength tests had to be made before flight test, based on results of them aircrafts are flight authorized. In conclusion,the results of tests were presented and fulfilment of legal assumptions and requirements were shown.