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2 2017

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Effects of Wild Boar (Sus scrofa L.) Rooting on Seedling Emergence in Białowieża Forest

Sondej I., Kwiatkowska-Falińska A. J.

Polish Journal of Ecology

2017

Vol. 65, nr 4

380--389

The wild boar is an omnivorous animal, and by foraging (rooting) disturbs the top soil layer. In some regions of Poland and Europe seasonal fluctuations in rooting have been observed. Wild boars not only eat plants, but also strongly modify their habitat. In Białowieża National Park wild boar most frequently visit oak-hornbeam forests on fertile soil. On sites where the forest floor is covered with dense vegetation the germination of seeds is difficult, and wild boar rooting can promote the removal of diaspores from deeper layers of the soil seed bank. Within a 3-year observation on 30 subplots about 10,000 seedlings emerged representing 38 species. Our study revealed that rooted patches are characterised by a very rich and diverse flora of seedlings representing mostly forest species, but their density is low. The dominant species germinating in the disturbed ground vegetation is Urtica dioica, a species forming the persistent soil seed bank. There is a possibility that seedlings of herbaceous plants emerging on permanently rooted patches are of exogenous origin, since the seeds germinating there were in many cases damaged by repeatedly rooting animals and had no chance for further growth and reaching the generative phase. However, the soil seed bank in the rooted area has to be analysed to confirm this theory, that they have exogenous or endogenous origin. Seedling density in a repeatedly rooted oak-hornbeam forest is determined by factors other than those related to rooting. In this context the present study did not demonstrate a negative impact of rooting intensity on seedling emergence.

Ukorzenianie sadzonek chryzantemy wielkokwiatowej z zastosowaniem diod elektroluminescencyjnych

Woźny A., Rymarz D.

Polish Journal for Sustainable Development

2017

T. 21, cz. 2

153--160

Doświetlanie upraw jest powszechnie wykorzystywane do poprawy plonowania i jakości roślin ozdobnych. Diody to obiecujące rozwiązania technologiczne, których liczne zalety przewyższają tradycyjnie stosowane lampy sodowe. W produkcji chryzantem szczególnie istotne jest pozyskanie prawidłowo wykształconych i dobrze ukorzenionych sadzonek. W całorocznej uprawie sterowanej konieczne jest doświetlanie sadzonek ukorzenianych od listopada do połowy lutego. W przeprowadzonym doświadczeniu badano możliwość zastosowania światła emitowanego przez diody w trakcie ukorzeniania sadzonek trzech odmian chryzantemy wielkokwiatowej. Wykazano, iż lampy do doświetlania roślin zbudowane w technologii LED mogą z powodzeniem zastąpić lampy sodowe (HPS) jako dodatkowe źródło światła na etapie ukorzeniania sadzonek. Mniejsze zużycie energii w porównaniu z konwencjonalnymi lampami sodowymi z pewnością zwiększy opłacalność całorocznej produkcji chryzantem.

Supplementary lighting is commonly used to increase yield and quality of ornamental plants. Light – emitting diodes (LEDs) represent a promising technology for the greenhouse industry that has technical advantages over traditional sodium lamps. In the production of chrysanthemums it is particularly important to have properly developed and well-rooted cuttings. In year – round controlled cultivation of chrysanthemums it is necessary to use supplementary lighting from November to mid-February. The possibility of application of LED during the rooting of two cultivars of chrysanthemums was investigated. Our data suggest that LEDs are suitable replacements for HPS lamps as supplemental light sources during the cuttings rooting. Lower energy consumption compared to conventional sodium lamps will increase the profitability of year – round controlled production of chrysanthemums.