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The Evolution of Compost Phytotoxicity during Municipal Waste and Poultry Manure Composting

Aylaj Mina, Adani Fabrizio

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2023

Vol. 24, nr 6

281--293

Composting is commonly used for waste management and the evaluation of its quality is important for successful application. Seed germination test is commonly adopted due to its capacity to examine the toxicity level of compost. The seed test is usually evaluated on the final product and the results can vary with the different methods and the type of seed utilized. In this study, the evolution of seed germination tests during the composting process of municipal waste (MSW) mixed with poultry manure (PM) of two species tomato and sugar beet was examined. The impact of compost water extracts on seed germination and plant primary root growth for each sampling was reported. The chemical parametrs were evaluated on the final product. Results show that mixture C1 with a higher amount of municipal waste gave less compost yield than mixture C2. After 35 days of composting, the compost was phytotoxic for tomato and sugar beet seeds. The seeds of the two cultures reacted differently to the same compost. The compost could stimulate sugar beet germination at days 110, 140, 180, 212 and 252. Seed germination of sugar beet was increased and delayed by one day by the compost stabilized and mature as compared with the control.

Variation in Root Development Response of Napier Grass to Drought Stress

Nguyen Loc Van, Tran Ngoc Minh Thi, Nguyen Long Viet, Phan Hong Nhung Thi, Rumanzi Mbaraka Saidi, Pham Cuong Van, Tang Hanh Thi

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2021

Vol. 22, nr 8

64--74

Global climate change and increasing agricultural activity are the main causes of biotic and abiotic stresses, which negatively affect the plant growth and crop yields. The plant root system is the ﬁrst organ for sensing the soil moisture limitation; therefore root growth under elevated water deﬁcit is an important indicator for plant’s drought tolerance. Although the previous studies focused on the morphological traits of Napier grasses under water stresses, the root growth changes due to drought levels remain largely unclear. In order to evaluate variation in root performance to respond to drought stress, four cultivars named "Cỏ voi thuần" (CVT), King grass, Packchong, and VA06 were grown for 10 days under drought conditions under polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG6000): 0% PEG6000 as control, 5% PEG6000, 10% PEG6000, 15% PEG6000 and 20% PEG6000. As compared to control, the root growth of all cultivars was reduced under drought treatments; however, signiﬁcant variation in the root development response to drought levels was found. Among Napier cultivars, "Cỏ voi thuần" expressed drought-tolerant genotypes. The information on the root length, diameter, surface area and volume of the cultivars reveals interesting guidelines for further studies to explore the mechanisms behind root adaptation of Napier grasses to drought.