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Megaclasts in geoconservation: sedimentological questions, anthropogenic influence, and geotourism potential

Lubova Katrin A., Zayats Pavel P., Ruban Dmitry A., Tiess Günter

Geologos

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2013

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Vol. 19, No. 4

321--335

EN

Megaclasts are sedimentary particles larger than boulders. Their huge size and scattered occurrence make them objects that deserve geological heritage, requiring conservation. Investigation of megaclasts for the purpose faces difficulties because of the distinction between boulders and megaclasts. Local study of Quaternary large stones in Mountainous Adygeja (W Caucasus, SW Russia) suggests ~ 2 m as a suitable size criterion, although only locally. Shape, occurrence, and origin of megaclasts require additional attention. Geoconservation may result in anthropogenic disturbances of the natural landscape through removal of vegetation, access constructions, and restoration. The geotourism potential of megaclasts is partly determined by their huge size and their rare and scattered occurrence. Aesthetic qualities, local legends, and co-occurrence with prehistoric megalithic constructions increase this potential. The Maiden’s Stone in Mountainous Adygeja, which is ~ 35 m long, has been a tourist attraction already for decades. It is an impressive example of geoconconservation and geotourism connected with megaclasts. Generally, megaclasts increase the value (including the scientific importance) of the geological heritage of Mountainous Adygeja, where a geopark might be established.

2

A tree - ring reconstruction of geomorphologic disturbances in cliff forests in the Tatra Mts.

Zielonka T., Dubaj N.

Landform Analysis

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2009

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Vol. 11

71-76

EN

Geomorphological events are very important disturbance factors for cliff forests and forests located on steep mountain slopes. In this study we present dendrochronological reconstruction of two types of disturbances which affect subalpine forest growing in such extreme habitats in Roztoka Valley in the Tatra Mountains: landslide and rockfalls. We determine the years of death of trees found in landslide area on Czuba Roztocka which indicate the year of 1997 as the time of this event, probably related to heavy midsummer rainfall in this year. Scars on trees growing at the base of Orle Ściany cliff allowed determining the rockfall events. We found that scars, even in neighbour trees were formed in different years between 1940 and 2004. It means that they were formed rather by separate stones which fell from the cliff sporadically then a large scale fall of debris at the same time. This may suggest that rockfalls in cliffs of Orle Ściany were limited to single rocks which fell successively when erosion process separated them from the bedrock. Dendrochronology seems to be an effective method which enables long term reconstruction of gemorphological processes in the High Tatras.

3

Modelling of a rock fall using the discrete element method and study of the seismic signal

Pater A., Dembicki E., Villard P.

Archives of Civil Engineering

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2008

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Vol. 54, nr 2

405-422

EN

The mechanism of big rock falls or avalanches is still poorly known, both for the rupture and propagation processes. The only quantitative data that are currently measured and available during a rock fall are the seismic signals recorded by seismological arrays. The signal properties (amplitude, duration, frequency) are obviously linked to the characteristics of the fall (mass, fall height, propagation distance) but no systematic study has been performed so far. This article aims at studying this relation by modeling the rock fall process. The used technique is the discrete element method (DEM) which allows to consider the different phenomena or parameters likely to influence the seismic signals: fracturing, rock fall type, morphology of the impact area.

PL

Mechanizm dużego spadającego bloku skalnego lub lawiny pozostaje nadal słabo rozpoznany zarówno w zakresie pęknięć jak i procesów propagacji. Jedynie ilościowe dane, które aktualnie są mierzone i uchwytne podczas spadania skały, zarejestrowane są jako sejsmiczne sygnały przez szereg sejsmografów. Właściwości sygnału (amplituda, trwanie, częstotliwość) są wyraźnie powiązane z cechami spadania (masa, wysokość spadania, odległość propagacji), lecz dotychczas nie były wykonane żadne systematyczne badania. Artykuł ma na celu badanie powyższej relacji za pomocą modelowania procesu spadającej skały. Do modelowania wykorzystano metodę elementów dyskretnych, która pozwala uwzględnić różne zjawiska bądź parametry mogące wpłynąć na sejsmiczny sygnał: pęknięcia, rodzaj spadającej skały, morfologię obszaru uderzenia.

4

Zabezpieczenia skarp przed obrywami skalnymi

Kuźniak K.

Geoinżynieria : drogi, mosty, tunele

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2006

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nr 2

24-25

PL

Jednym z częściej pojawiających się problemów w terenie górskim jest zabezpieczenie dróg, domostw i innych obszarów uczęszczanych przez człowieka przed spadającymi odłamkami skalnymi. Artykuł prezentuje najlepsze ze względów ekonomicznych i technicznych sposoby zabezpieczeń stosowane na rynku europejskim.

5

Recent geological activity along the northeastern Bulgarian Black Sea coast

Matova M.

Geological Quarterly

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2000

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Vol. 44, Nr 4

355-361

EN

The densely populated northeastern Bulgarian Black Sea coast is a territory of intensive contemporary development. It is, though, marked by considerable recent geological activity along the coastal zone comprising: faulting, earthquakes, landslides, earthflows, rockfalls, ground subsidence, marine erosion and variations of sea level. These are locally exacerbated by the ongoing development, resulting in increased instability. Notably, a part of the coastline has been lost as a result of gravity sliding. Analysis of this recent geological coastal activity, including the landslides, earthflows and rockfalls of 1996-1997, needs be taken into account for the protection of the population and the cultural heritage.