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1 2016

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Novel liquid compounds as hypergolic propellants with HTP

Rarata G., Florczuk W.

Journal of KONES

2016

Vol. 23, No. 1

271--278

The paper presents both an experimental investigation and an up-to-date literature review over the hypergolicity of highly concentrated hydrogen peroxide with various liquid mixtures or novel chemical compounds that may be a potential candidate for rocket applications. Moreover, the coverage contains both, a historical and modern approach to hydrogen peroxide based hypergolic propulsion systems. In addition, the advantages of the oxidizer, especially in the form of 98% solution of hydrogen peroxide, are profiled in detail against the toxic ones that are currently utilized. Equally, the potential replacements for hydrazine, monomethyl hydrazine, unsymmetrical dimethyl hydrazine, dinitrogen tetroxide or their combinations, as propellants in rocket applications, are collected and discussed thoroughly in terms of their propulsive performance, availability on the market, storability, handling and general safety conditions for the technical staff as well as environmental compatibility. The ignition mechanism of the two main fuel groups, catalytically and energetically promoted, that reveal fast, spontaneous ignition with the highly concentrated hydrogen peroxide , is described too. Furthermore, the example that results from the simple drop tests are shown with special focus laid on the comparison of the minimum ignition delay time as the key parameter for the discussed fuel compositions. Lastly, the most prospective fuel combinations are discussed as desirable alternatives for the near-future bipropellant propulsion systems for the rocket or satellite applications, or other that demand high energy density.