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Road Safety Barriers and the Safety of Road users – the Analysis of the Situation in Poland

Rzepczyk Szymon, Majer Jakub, Obst Maciej

Logistics and Transport

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2022

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Vol. 55-56, No. 3-4

19--36

EN

Road safety barriers are a basic element of the road infrastructure aimed at improving the safety of road users. Design parameters and indications for assembly are strictly regulated by the GDDKiA (General Directorate for National Roads and Motorways) guidelines in accordance with the European standards. In Poland, the most commonly used barriers are thin-walled metal sheet barriers, rope barriers, and concrete ones. The types differ in terms of technical parameters and level of security they provide. One of the purposes of installing road safety barriers is to protect road users from hitting an obstacle in the vicinity of the road, and to protect people around the accident from the effects of an uncontrolled vehicle leaving the road. The effects of a collision caused by hitting a protective road barrier depend mainly on the type of the barrier and the vehicle. The authors made a detailed and interdisciplinary analysis of data on accidents resulting from hitting a road safety barrier, comparing them with information available in the literature, combining the technical aspects of the use of barriers with a medical description of the description of typical injuries.

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Symulacje numeryczne jako wsparcie badania właściwości barier ochronnych

Wilde K., Bruski D., Burzyński S., Chróścielewski J., Pachocki Ł., Witkowski W.

Magazyn Autostrady

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2018

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Nr 6

45--51

PL

Artykuł przedstawia możliwości wykorzystania symulacji numerycznych do badań efektywności urządzeń bezpieczeństwa ruchu drogowego w aspekcie sposobów ich konfigurowania. Obecnie w celu dopuszczenia do stosowania bariery ochronne muszą przejść specjalistyczne testy zderzeniowe. Ze względu na wysoki koszt tych badań coraz częściej producenci barier oraz inne podmioty odpowiadające za urządzenia bezpieczeństwa ruchu drogowego (brd) wspomagają się symulacjami komputerowymi. W artykule przedstawiono metodykę budowy modelu obliczeniowego do symulacji testu zderzeniowego wraz z kilkoma przykładami jego zastosowania. Wskazano również na istniejące prawne uwarunkowania wykorzystania symulacji numerycznych w procesie certyfikacji barier.

EN

The paper presents the possibilities of using numerical simulation to test the properties of road safety equipment. Nowadays safety barriers must pass specialist crash tests, what allows them to be commonly used. Because of the high cost of crash tests, more and more manufacturers and other investigators of traffic barriers are supported by numerical simulations. The article presents the methodology of creating a numerical model of crash test as well as several examples of numerical calculations.

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Wpływ miejsca uderzenia w stalową barierę ochronną oraz uwarstwienia gruntu na wartość parametru ASI podczas testu TB11

Bruski D., Burzyński S., Chróścielewski J., Skwira K., Wilde K., Witkowski W.

Modelowanie Inżynierskie

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2017

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T. 32, nr 63

24--31

PL

Bariery stalowe są najczęściej stosowanym rodzajem barier ochronnych. Ich podstawowym zadaniem jest zapobieganie zjechaniu pojazdu z drogi w miejscach szczególnie niebezpiecznych. Bariery stosowane na europejskich drogach muszą spełniać wymagania norm EN 1317. Jednym z najważniejszych parametrów pozwalających klasyfikować bariery ochronne pod kątem zapewnienia stopnia bezpieczeństwa w trakcie incydentu jest wskaźnik intensywności przyspieszenia ASI, który pozwala określić wpływ zderzenia na osoby znajdujące się wewnątrz pojazdu. Symulacje numeryczne testów zderzeniowych są coraz powszechniej stosowane do oceny właściwości barier ochronnych. W pracy przedstawiono wpływ miejsca uderzenia pojazdu w stalową barierę ochronną oraz uwarstwienia gruntu, w którym posadowiona jest bariera, na wartość wskaźnika ASI podczas testu zderzeniowego TB11.

EN

Steel barriers are the most commonly used type of safety barriers. Their basic task is to prevent the errant vehicle from getting off the road in places which are particularly dangerous. Barriers used on European roads must fulfill the requirements of EN 1317 standards. One of the most important parameters that describes the safety barriers is the Acceleration Severity Index (ASI) which allows for assessment of the injuries of occupants during impact. Numerical simulations of crash tests are increasingly used to evaluate the properties of safety barriers. This paper presents the result of the influence of impact location on the steel safety barrier and the stratification of the ground on the ASI value during TB11 test.

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Studies on the effectiveness of the innovative road safety system

Borkowski W., Hryciów Z., Rybak P., Wysocki J., Wiśniewski A.

Journal of KONES

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2014

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Vol. 21, No. 2

27--32

EN

The paper evaluates the effectiveness of the innovative road safety system equipped with prototype component segments composed of a body made of a plastic filled with reinforced concrete. Main advantages of the new safety barrier include increased resistance to corrosion as well as easy transport and assembly directly on a road section being secured. Model tests were performed on a car of 900 kg weight allowing for carrying out the TB11 tests according to the EN 1317-2 standard. LS-DYNA software was applied for modelling, using the finite element method. The work presents the numerical test results, trajectory of vehicle movement after collision as well as the concrete barrier displacement. It also includes examples of stress in steel bars and joint coupling. Detailed assessing of simulation test results were made on the basis of ASI, THIV and PHD index. They were calculated on the basis of velocity and acceleration courses of selected car bodywork points. Numerical test results confirm the fact that this system meets the normative requirements. They allow for qualifying that system for B impact severity level and W4 working width. The results presented in the paper make the initial stage of the study and further calculations will be oriented towards a possibility of meeting the requirements for higher restraint levels.

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Testing the results of a passenger vehicle collision with a rigid barrier

Borkowski W., Hryciów Z., Rybak P., Wysocki J.

Journal of KONES

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2010

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Vol. 17, No. 1

51-57

EN

High accident index in Poland, including one of the highest death rates in EU, forces undertaking the intense works in order to improve traffic safety. Published road accident statistics indicate that the most dangerous accidents include a vehicle collision with a tree, post or other road object. The road safety barriers make the road infrastructure elements that can signiflcantly protect against that type of accidents. The work presents basie tasks and requirements imposed on the barriers. Problems related to a proper selection of the barriers have been also highlighted. The tools facilitating the barrier design include numerical modelling. The modelling has been done by means of the LS-DYNA software, using the finite element method. A general structure and a developed barrier model as well as vehicle model have been presented. The conditions of the numerical tests have been also specifled. The work presents the results of influence of car impact angle with a rigid safety barrier. Presented results refer to a car o f mas s of 900 kg, making a bas is for the tests of the limiting systems for several limiting levels: including normal limit N2 (according to EN 1317-2). Compared to standard requirements, the scope of numerical tests has been extended by other car impact angle values. The work presents vehicle trajectories and deformations of their bodies. It also includes examples of velocities and acceleration courses and acceleration severity indexes (ASI) calculated on their basis. Obtained results indicate that the barrier location angle has a high influence on the safety level ofthe car passengers as well as on the car motion trajectory after collision

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Numerical simulation of the standard TB11 and TB32 tests for a concrete safety barrier

Borkowski W., Hryciów Z., Rybak P., Wysocki J.

Journal of KONES

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2010

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Vol. 17, No. 4

63-71

EN

The work presents the traffic safety issue related to a use of the road protective barriers. It describes a purpose and tasks that should be fulfilled by the safety system. Conditions of crash tests and their evaluation according to the requirements of the existing standard documents are also presented. The purpose of the work was to evaluate the influence of applied barrier type on the car collision process. A barrier composed of the segments that can move on the ground due to the impact force and a barrier fixed to the road surface were assumed for the model tests. The modelling was carried out by means of the LS-DYNA sofrware, using the finite element method. The tests were performed for two types of cars, mass of 900 kg and 1500 kg. The work includes the numerical test results, deformations of car bodies and barrier displacement. Examples of velocities and acceleration courses of selected vehicle elements and the ASI index, calculated on their basis, used for evaluation of the passenger danger level were also presented. Obtained results indicate a significant influence of the barrier installation method (joint with the road) on the collision process course and dynamic loads affecting the car passengers. They also indicate directions of safety improvement.