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1

The new concept of MIEX® resin dose categories. Swelling effect, reactor steady-state balance, and NOM removal process control

Mołczan Marek

Environment Protection Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 50, nr 1

91--103

EN

The use of powdered adsorbents for water purification has many advantages and one major drawback – lack of regeneration due to difficulty in separating powdered particles. This weakness is attempted to be broken by powdered magnetic adsorbents, in particular magnetic ion exchange resins, used to remove natural organic matter (NOM) from water. In this water treatment process, NOM removal is controlled by the adsorbent content in the reactor (adsorbent dose) and the degree of its saturation. The control over the dose and saturation is done by mutual relations between the regenerated resin stream directed to the reactor and the saturated resin stream received from the reactor. An obstacle in balancing these streams is a variable volume of the adsorbent resulting from its varied swelling, depending on the features of the solution and saturation of the adsorbent. For this reason, it was proposed to distinguish new resin dose and content categories adequate to these changes, the use of which allows full control of both streams. Thus, the reactor feed stream was associated with relative fresh resin content (RRC) and relative fresh resin dose (RRD), which indicate the volume occupied by the regenerated adsorbent in the solution of water during purification. However, the stream received from the reactor was associated with saturated resin content (SRC) and saturated resin dose (SRD), which indicate the volume occupied by saturated adsorbent in the solution of water under treatment. In turn, these two categories of contents/doses are related to the swelling degree (ηSR). Another role was assigned to the third dose category, which is absolute fresh resin dose (ARD), referring to the volume occupied by the regenerated adsorbent in the solution of demineralized water. Thanks to two key features with reference properties (demineralized water, regenerated adsorbent), ARD allows one to transfer laboratory results to practice and to compare the results of various research. The resin loss factor described by the ηLS indicator was also included in this structure.

2

Osady denne - charakterystyka, kryteria oceny stopnia zanieczyszczenia, regulacje prawne oraz zagospodarowanie

Tytła Malwina

Laboratorium - Przegląd Ogólnopolski

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2023

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nr 3

25--29

PL

Osady denne powstające w rzekach oraz innych zbiornikach wodnych, w świetle prawa stanowią odpad, który należypoddać unieszkodliwieniu lub zagospodarować.

3

Investigation of structural controls on the drainage system of north‑western Nigeria

Arogundade Augustine Babatunde, Ajama Ojudoo Darius, Ayinde Ifeoluwa Stephen, Falade Sesan Cornelius, Awoyemi Musa Olufemi

Acta Geophysica

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2023

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Vol. 71, no. 4

1747--1762

EN

Gravity and magnetic field datasets coupled with Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) digital elevation data over north-western Nigeria were interpreted to delineate subsurface and surface structures, and determine their influence on the drainage system within Sokoto Basin and its surrounding environment. The Improved Logistic Filter and Euler Deconvolution techniques were applied to the residual fields of the gravity and magnetic data to delineate lineaments and their depths of occurrence, respectively. The lineaments mapped from gravity and magnetic data revealed a major N–S and NE–SW, and W–E trend respectively and in several cases were aligned with surface lineaments from the SRTM digital elevation data. The results revealed that the drainage channel of Rivers Niger, Sokoto, Rima, Zamfara, Ka, Kasanu, Gagere, Kuromoni, Malendo and Kontagora are closely aligned with several lineaments emanating from the underlying basement. The 2-D forward models confirmed the presence of these lineaments and delineated intrusives within Sokoto Basin. This study concluded that the drainage system of north-western Nigeria is structurally controlled.

4

Assessment of the possibility of implementing small retention reservoirs in terms of the need to increase water resources

Wiatkowski Mirosław, Wiatkowska Barbara, Gruss Łukasz, Rosik-Dulewska Czesława, Tomczyk Paweł, Chłopek Dawid

Archives of Environmental Protection

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2021

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Vol. 47, no. 1

80--100

EN

Currently, due to reduced water resources, there is a need to build reservoirs in Poland. Reservoirs perform important economic, natural and recreational functions in the environment, improve water balance and contribute to flood protection. In the construction of reservoirs, it is necessary to consider not only hydrological issues related to water quantity, but also its quality, silting, and many other factors. Therefore, the physiographic, hydrological, hydrochemical, and hydrogeological conditions of the projected reservoirs have to be taken into account to limit the potential negative effects of decisions to build them. In order to assess the suitability of eight projected small water retention reservoirs (to increase water resources in the Barycz River catchment in Lower Silesia and Greater Poland provinces, this article takes into account hydrological indicators (efficiency of the reservoir, operation time, dependence on the intensity of silting, and flood hazard indicator), water quality (phosphorus load and nitrogen load), hydrogeological conditions (type of geological substratum for the reservoir basin and filtration losses), and safety of the reservoir dam. To develop a theoretical model describing the regularities between the indicators, multivariate statistical techniques were used, including the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and the Factor Analysis (FA). In order to assess the reservoirs, a synthetic indicator was developed to compare the reservoirs with each other in relation to the conditions. The Cluster Analysis (CA) was used for typological classification of homogeneous locations of projected small retention reservoirs. Own research procedure for identification of the most advantageous water reservoirs, with the use of multivariate statistical techniques, may be used as a tool supporting decision making in other facilities intended for implementation in provincial projects of small retention.

PL

Obecnie w Polsce z powodu zmniejszonych zasobów wodnych istnieje potrzeba budowy zbiorników wodnych. Pełnią one w środowisku ważne funkcje gospodarcze, przyrodnicze, rekreacyjne, poprawiają bilans wodny i przyczyniają się do ochrony przeciwpowodziowej. Budując zbiornik wodny, oprócz zagadnień hydrologicznych związanych z ilością wody, należy wziąć pod uwagę jakość wody, która będzie retencjonowana w zbiorniku, jego zamulenie oraz szereg innych aspektów. Bardzo ważna jest więc analiza uwarunkowań zbiorników planowanych, w tym fizjograficznych, hydrologicznych, hydrochemicznych i hydrogeologicznych, aby ograniczyć potencjalne negatywne skutki podejmowania decyzji o budowie takich obiektów. W celu oceny możliwości realizacji ośmiu planowanych zbiorników małej retencji wodnej w kontekście potrzeby zwiększania zasobów wodnych na obszarze zlewni Barycz w województwie dolnośląskim i wielkopolskim w niniejszym artykule uwzględniono wskaźniki hydrologiczne (sprawność zbiornika, czas eksploatacji ze względu na intensywność zamulania, wskaźnik potencjalnego zagrożenia powodzią), jakości wody (obciążenie ładunkiem fosforu i azotu), hydrogeologiczne (rodzaj podłoża geologicznego pod czaszę zbiornika wodnego i straty filtracyjne) oraz bezpieczeństwa zapory zbiornika. Do opracowania teoretycznego modelu, opisującego prawidłowości zachodzące pomiędzy tymi wskaźnikami, wykorzystano wielowymiarowe techniki statystyczne takie jak: Principal Component Analysis (PCA) i Factor Analysis (FA). W celu oceny planowanych zbiorników w aspekcie najbardziej korzystnych do realizacji opracowano syntetyczny wskaźnik, który umożliwił porównanie tych zbiorników w odniesieniu do rozpatrywanych uwarunkowań. Wykonano również z zastosowaniem Cluster Analysis (CA) typologiczną klasyfikację planowanych zbiorników małej retencji wodnej pod względem jednorodnych lokalizacji na analizowanym obszarze. Zaproponowana w niniejszej pracy autorska procedura badawcza identyfikacji najkorzystniejszych, spośród planowanych do realizacji, zbiorników wodnych z zastosowaniem wielowymiarowych technik statystycznych, może posłużyć jako narzędzie wspomagające podejmowanie decyzji przy innych obiektach planowanych do realizacji w wojewódzkich planach rozwoju małej retencji.

5

Distribution of Nickel, Copper and Cobalt in the Grain Fractions of Bottom Sediments of the Sokołda River and its Tributaries (Poland)

Skorbiłowicz Elżbieta, Skorbiłowicz Mirosław, Misztal Wojciech

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 21, nr 1

89--97

EN

In recent years, the interest in the occurrence of heavy metals in the natural environment has been observed. The heavy metal contamination can lead to serious environmental problems. The aim of the study was to estimate the total content of heavy metals: Ni, Cu and Co, in the surface layer of the bottom sediments of the Sokołda river and its tributaries, and to determine the relationship between the grain size and scope of their metal content. Determination of metals in the bottom sediment samples was performed by means of atomic absorption spectrometry (ASA). The research on the Sokołda river and its tributaries showed low levels of Ni, Cu and Co. It was proven that the majority of studied metals were contained in the smallest clay fraction <0.02 mm. On the other hand, the least studied metals were accumulated in 1.0–0.2 mm and 0.2–0.1 mm fractions. The 1.0–0.2 mm and 0.2–0.1 mm fractions contain around 80% of the tested metal forms, while the 0.02–0.063 mm and <0.02 mm fractions – only a few percent. This speaks for the determination of metals in the 1.0–0.1 mm fraction, that contains both coarser and clay fractions, and thus most reliably reflects the actual load of pollutants carried by the sediment. Studies have shown that the main sources of pollution in the Sokołda river catchment are primarily surface runoff, and to a lesser extent, wastewater (municipal and industrial).

6

Shaping changes in the ecological status of watercourses within barrages with hydropower schemes : literature review

Tomczyk Paweł, Wiatkowski Mirosław

Archives of Environmental Protection

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2020

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Vol. 46, no. 4

78--94

EN

Hydropower use of watercourses has tangible consequences for the environment, society and economy. Based on a literature review and their own research, the authors present current data on changes in the ecological status of waters within run-of-river and reservoir hydropower plants, i.e. changes in biological elements (benthic macroinvertebrates, plankton, ichthyofauna, macrophytes), as well as hydromorphological and physicochemical changes. Previous researchers have noted that the impact of hydropower use of rivers on ecological status of those rivers is extensive, consisting of, among others, changes in species structure and populations of macrophytes, benthic macroinvertebrates, plankton and ichthyofauna (positive as well as negative changes), algal blooms due to increased turbidity, constrained migration of water organisms, changes in temperature within hydroelectric power plants, the phenomenon of supersaturation, eutrophication, changes in hydrological conditions (e.g., increased amplitudes of diurnal water levels and their consequent annual reduction), and increased erosion below the damming and deposition of bottom sediments on the damming barriers. In addition to such changes in ecological status, hydropower use also has a visible impact on socio-economic conditions (e.g., living standards of the population) and the environment (e.g., quality of bottom sediments and biodiversity). The article offers an assessment of the impact of hydropower use of rivers on ecological status (biological, hydromorphological, physicochemical elements and hydrological conditions of such rivers), society, economy and environment; it also proposes a research scheme to assess the impact of hydropower structures.

7

The current state of inland navigation in Poland and its future development under European Union transport policy

Maruszczak Marianna

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie

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2019

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nr 60 (132)

47--55

EN

This article presents the activities of the European Union (EU) and Poland to develop inland waterways as an environmentally-friendly transport method. The paper presents positive aspects of transferring part of the load from other methods of transport, such as railways or cars, to inland vessels. It shows the level of development of inland navigation in the EU and indicates favorable natural conditions for doing so. The article addresses the issues of the insufficient state of waterway infrastructure in Poland and presents measures to improve it. It also identifies the main EU and government programs seeking to standardize a common transport space of the EU by developing inland navigation.

8

Wypłyń na głębię

Królikowski Jerzy

Geodeta : magazyn geoinformacyjny

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2019

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nr 6

20--23

9

Modeling the Impact of Riparian Vegetation on Flow Structure and Bed Sediment Distribution in Rivers

Morri Mabrouka, Soualmia Amel

Archives of Hydro-Engineering and Environmental Mechanics

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2019

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Vol. 66, nr 3-4

59--75

EN

The effect of instream vegetation growth has largely been ignored by hydrological and geomorphological research in river environments, which focused instead on the function of riparian vegetation as a regulator of bank stability or as a buffer for dissolved and particulate matter entering the channel from the hillside. However, in many lowland streams, instream vegetation can be very intensive, resulting in high biomass levels during the growing season. Instream plants have a significant influence on the dynamics of flow, sediment, and nutrients. Plant growth can cause increased frictional resistance to flow and can have a short-to medium-term effects on the geomorphology of the channel. Additionally, plant development influences the velocity of river flow, affects sedimentation dynamics and increases flood risk. To achieve a balance between flooding and ecological management of rivers in the presence of vegetation, a reliable method is required to predict the resistance of channels. In the current study, a two-dimensional hydrodynamic and morphodynamic model is developed and applied using a new scaling expression of shear stress based on vegetation characteristics. These first attempts at field simulations showed qualitatively acceptable results and demonstrated the effectiveness of the model in predicting hydraulic parameters in the presence of vegetation. This model is useful in predicting the effect of vegetation on stream flow and river morphology, as well as in managing flood hazards and stream ecology.

10

Sensitivity of optimized transient storage model parameters to spatial and temporal resolution

Wallis Steve, Manson Russell

Acta Geophysica

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2019

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Vol. 67, no. 3

951--960

EN

The transient storage model is a popular tool for modelling solute transport along rivers. Its use requires values for the velocity and shear flow dispersion coefficient in the main channel of the river together with two exchange rates between the main channel and transient storage zones, which surround the main channel. Currently, there is insufficient knowledge to enable these parameters to be predicted from the type of hydraulic variables that may typically be available. Hence, recourse is made to tracer experiments, which provide temporal solute concentration profiles that can be used to estimate the parameters by optimizing model output to observations. The paper explores the sensitivity of such parameters to the spatial and temporal resolutions used in the optimization of the model. Data from 25 tracer experiments covering a river flow rate range of 300–2250 L/s in a single reach of the river Brock in north-west England were used. The shear flow dispersion coefficient was found to be the most sensitive parameter; the velocity was found to be the least sensitive parameter. When averaged over all the experiments, mean percentage differences in parameter values between a coarse resolution case and a fine resolution case were of the order of 2% for the velocity, 70% for the shear flow dispersion coefficient and 30% and 20% for the two exchange rates. Since the shear flow dispersion coefficient was found to be small, both in numerical terms and in comparison with an estimate of the total dispersion in the reach, it is suggested that it may be viable to omit the shear flow dispersion term from the model.

11

Floristic Structure of Two Batrachium Rich Plant Communities in Relation to Habitat Conditions in Rivers of Lithuania

Butkuvienė J., Sinkevičienė Z., Naugžemys D., Žvingila D.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2018

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Vol. 66, nr 1

1--13

EN

Ranunculus sect. Batrachium is one of the most complicated taxonomic groups of aquatic plants. Difficulties of aquatic Ranunculus species delimitation according to morphological features are closely related to recognition of their communities, especially in running waters. The diversity of species in the phytocoenosis characterized by the predominance of Ranunculus species and the main physical-chemical factors of water were studied at 15 sites of 10 different-sized rivers of Lithuania. The rivers have met the criteria of the threatened habitats type 3260 (the EU classification). The communities dominated by R. fluitans and R. pseudofluitans were recorded in different river systems and were not found growing together. The environmental conditions also well separated the two communities. The association Ranunculetum fluitantis was distributed in the rivers on silicate substrates, in the waters with significantly higher flow velocity, but in about twice lower conductivity and alkalinity compared to community with Ranunculus pseudofluitans. The latter was found in the river situated in the gypsum karst area covered by watertight clay, with waters of higher alkalinity, conductivity, concentration of calcium ions and rich in nitrogen compounds. Abundance of nutrients (concentration of total phosphorus and total nitrogen) negatively affected abundance of both Ranunculus species.

12

Zmiany temperatury wody w Prośnie w latach 1965-2014

Ptak M., Nowak B.

Woda-Środowisko-Obszary Wiejskie

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2017

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T. 17, z. 3

101--112

PL

Celem pracy jest analiza zmian warunków termicznych rzeki Prosny w środkowej Polsce (profil Bogusław) w ciągu ostatnich 50 lat (1965–2014). Na podstawie codziennych pomiarów temperatury prowadzonych przez Instytut Meteorologii i Gospodarki Wodnej – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy stwierdzono, że średnia roczna temperatura wody rzeki Prosny uległa znacznemu ociepleniu, średnio 0,27°C∙dek–1. W układzie miesięcznym najwyższy wzrost odnotowano w kwietniu – 0,46°C∙dek–1. Zmiany temperatury wody były silnie uzależnione od transformacji warunków klimatycznych. Wzrost średniej rocznej temperatury powietrza w tym samym wieloleciu mierzonej na stacji Kalisz (ok. 20 km od profilu badawczego) wyniósł 0,3°C∙dek–1. Tak wyraźne zmiany reżimu termicznego Prosny mają i będą miały wpływ na funkcjonowanie całego ekosystemu. Jest to dobrze widoczne, m.in. w występowaniu zjawisk lodowych, których czas trwania uległ skróceniu o 5,6 dni•dek–1.

EN

The objective of the paper is the analysis of changes in the thermal conditions of the Prosna River in central Poland (station Bogusław) over the last 50 years (1965–2014). Based on daily temperature measurements performed by the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management – National Research Institute, it was determined that the mean annual water temperature in the analysed river considerably increased by an average of 0.27°C∙decade–1. In monthly distribution, the highest increase was recorded in April. It amounted to 0.46°C∙decade–1. Changes in water temperature were strongly dependent on the transformation of climatic conditions. An increase in the annual air temperature in the analogical multiannual for station Kalisz (about 20 km from the research site) amounted to 0.3°C∙decade–1. Such evident changes in the thermal regime of the Prosna Regime have and will have an effect on the functioning of the entire ecosystem. It is clearly visible among others in the occurrence of ice phenomena the persistence of which decreased by 5.6 day∙decade–1.

13

Zmiany temperatury wody i zjawisk lodowych rzeki Ner (centralna Polska) w latach 1965-2014

Ptak M.

Polish Journal for Sustainable Development

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2017

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T. 21, cz. 1

49--56

PL

W pracy przedstawiono długookresowe zmiany temperatury wody i warunków zlodzenia rzeki Ner położonej w centralnej Polsce. Stwierdzono, że w ciągu ostatnich pięćdziesięciu lat nastąpił znaczny wzrost temperatury wody, który wynosił 0,24 °C · dek-1. Wzrost ten był statystycznie istotny na poziomie p=0,05. W układzie miesięcznym najwyższy wzrost temperatury odnotowano w lipcu (0,37 °C · dek-1), kwietniu (0,35 °C · dek-1) oraz grudniu i styczniu (0,34 °C · dek-1). W dwóch przypadkach (wrzesień i październik) odnotowano niewielkie tendencje ujemne, lecz były one statystycznie nieistotne. W odniesieniu do terminów powstawania zjawisk lodowych można stwierdzić, że analizowanym okresie nastąpiło ich opóźnienie o 1,9 dnia·dek-1. Z kolei zakończenia zjawisk lodowych cechowały się tendencją ujemną nastąpiło przyspieszenie terminu ich końca o 2,5 dnia·dek-1. W związku z tym, skróceniu uległ czas trwania zjawisk lodowych. Odnotowane zmiany są pochodną współoddziaływania czynników naturalnych oraz antropopresji.

EN

The paper presents long-term changes in water temperature and ice conditions in the Ner River located in Central Poland. A considerable increase in water temperature has been determined over the last fifty years, amounting to 0.24 °C dek-1. The increase was statistically significant at a level of p=0.05. In the monthly scale, the highest increase in temperature was recorded in July (0.37 °C dek-1), April (0.35 °C dek-1), and December and January (0.34 °C dek-1). In two cases (September and October), a slight negative tendency was recorded, although it was not statistically significant. In reference to the terms of appearance of ice phenomena, a delay by 1.9 day·dek-1 was determined in the analysed period. The cessation of ice phenomena showed a negative tendency – they ceased earlier by 2.5 day·dek-1. Due to this, the persistence of ice phenomena was reduced. The recorded changes are a result of an increase in air temperature and anthropopressure.

14

Habitat requirements of Elodea canadensis Michx. in Polish rivers

Cegłowska A., Jusik S., Samecka-Cymerman A., Klink A., Szoszkiewicz K.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2017

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Vol. 46, No. 4

363--378

EN

The main objectives of this work were to investigate the range of habitat conditions (in terms of water chemistry and hydromorphological parameters) at sites colonized by Elodea canadensis and to analyze the species composition of communities with this plant species. We analyzed physicochemical, hydromorphological and biological data from 1135 sites located in Polish rivers to identify environmental factors that determine the occurrence of Elodea canadensis. Canadian waterweed was present at 18.1% of the analyzed river sites, located mainly in the lowlands (26.2% of all lowland sites).The results show that Elodea canadensis prefers moderately mineralized water (545 ± 329 μS cm−1), rich in calcium and magnesium carbonates (174 ± 63 mg CaCO3 |−1, 84.1 ± 31.4 mg Ca2+ |−1 and 11.1 ± 6.4 mg Mg2+ |−1), with moderate concentrations of chlorides and sulfates (38.9 ± 59.1 mg Cl−|−1 and 62.3 ± 50.9 mg SO42- |−1) and in terms of nutrients, it prefers water from moderately rich to mesotrophic and eutrophic. This plant has high light requirements and grows mainly in unshaded sections of shallow rivers. The studied species avoids sections of rivers strongly transformed and those with reinforced banks and bottoms. Canadian waterweed occurs mostly in the company of vascular macrophytes associated with slow-flowing rivers with sandy bottom material, indicating mesotrophic and eutrophic water.

15

Additional information on the distribution and ecology of the recently described diatom species Geissleria gereckei

Vidakovic D., Cantonati M., Mogna M., Jakovljević O., Šovran S., Lazović V., Stojanović K., Đorđević J., Krizmanić J.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

|

2017

|

Vol. 46, No. 1

18--23

EN

The main objective of this paper is to report new information about the distribution and ecology of a recently described diatom species, Geissleria gereckei. The opportunity for updating the information on the distribution and ecology of the species was provided by the finding of well-developed G. gereckei populations on the lithic material and bryophytes in the Raška and Mlava rivers (Serbia). For several years after the first description, G. gereckei has been known only from the type locality and from another spring in the Dolomiti Bellunesi National Park (the south-eastern Alps). After accurate LM and SEM observations, we provide evidence for the occurrence of the species also in the two above-mentioned rivers in Serbia, as well as in the south-western and south-eastern Alps. After an extensive literature search, it appears that the species is known with certainty only from these sites. Our observations and details from the literature suggest that the species is able to occupy a much broader ecological niche than the very-specific one observed at the time of discovery. The two main determinants for the species’ occurrence appear to be the carbonate nature of the catchments or aquifers, and the ability of the species to be competitive in habitats or microhabitats exposed to seasonal desiccation.

16

Studies of heavy metal content in bottom sediments and aquatic plants near treated wastewater discharge

Skorbiłowicz M., Skorbiłowicz E., Tarasiuk U., Falkowska M.

Geology, Geophysics and Environment

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2017

|

Vol. 43, no. 4

311--325

EN

The paper attempts to determine the degree of impact of discharged wastewater from five treatment plants on the Bug River ecosystem and its inflow, the Kamianka. For laboratory tests, samples of bottom sediments and aquatic plants were collected in 2014. The content of heavy metals: Zn, Pb, Ni in bottom sediments and aquatic plants (root, stem, leaf) growing close to the discharge of purified sewage, were analyzed. The amount of metals in the samples was determined applying the AAS method in its flame version. The average content of the metals determined in bottom sediments from the study points located before the treatment plant were Zn – 21.8; Pb – 11.5; Ni – 13.7 mg kg−1. However, the content of these metals was higher in samples from the collection points which were located after the place of purified sewage discharge and amounted to: Zn – 34.3; Pb – 12.2; Ni – 16.9 mg⋅kg−1. The test plants were Acorus calamus L., Nuphar lutea L., Typha angustifolia L. The content of metals in the individual parts of macrophytes (root, stem, leaf) was as follows: Zn > Pb > Ni. In the bottom sediments and aquatic plants of the Bug and Kamianka rivers, a higher content of lead, zinc and nickel was found after the discharge of treated sewage in relation to their content than before discharge, but it was not a threat to the aquatic environment of the watercourses studied. Statistical analysis showed that the amount of sewage discharged to the tested receivers influenced the content of organic matter, zinc and nickel in bottom sediments.

17

Aktywizacja gospodarcza rzek w świetle uwarunkowań formalno-prawnych polskiego systemu zarządzania gospodarką wodną. Artykuł dyskusyjny

Marciniak Ż., Wroński S., Turowski L.

Gospodarka Wodna

|

2016

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Nr 1

7--11

PL

Autorzy artykułu podejmują problem obecnych uwarunkowań formalno-prawnych rządzących szeroko rozumianą gospodarką wodną w Polsce i starają się odpowiedzieć na pytanie czy jest możliwe zakończenie sektorowego działania w tym obszarze w celu gospodarczego wykorzystania zasobów polskich rzek. Obecnie mamy do czynienia z nowymi uwarunkowaniami na poziomie rządowym, szczególnie w związku z utworzeniem nowych ministerstw odpowiedzialnych za gospodarkę wodną. Z końcem 2015 r. przestają obowiązywać niektóre dokumenty strategiczne dla gospodarki wodnej. Jednocześnie odczuwalna jest ogromna presja społeczna kładąca nacisk na zaktywizowanie polskich rzek (transport i energetyka wodna) oraz konieczność odejścia od patrzenia na rzeki jedynie przez pryzmat powodzi czy suszy. Potrzeba zmian wymusza również konieczność opracowania narodowego programu określającego wizję rozwoju gospodarki wodnej w Polsce, będącego nadrzędnym dokumentem względem wszystkich pozostałych dokumentów strategicznych sektorowo traktujących gospodarkę wodną. Brak strategicznych decyzji, dających impuls do rozwoju spowoduje, iż nadal będziemy „białą plamą” na mapie Europy korzystającej i zarabiającej na gospodarce.

EN

The authors of the paper raise the subject of the current formal and legal conditions governing broadly understood water management in Poland and try to answer the question whether it is possible to end sectoral activity in this scope in order to use the Polish river resources for economic purposes. Currently, new circumstances appear at the governmental level, in particular due to establishment of new ministries responsible for water management. At the end of 2015, the term of some of the water management strategic documents comes to an end. At the same time, there is a huge social pressure to start exploitation of Polish rivers (transport and power generation), as well as a necessity to start seeing rivers in terms other than only floods or droughts. The need for a change requires also elaboration of a national programme defining the vision of the water management development in Poland, being a ma¬ster document with regard to all the remaining strategic documents treating water management in a sectoral way. If we do not make strategic decisions constituting an impulse for development, we will remain a “white spot” on the map of Europe, using and earning money on water management.

18

Zmiany biegu rzeki Prosny od Kalisza do jej ujścia

Małecki Z. J., Ptak M.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Inżynieria Lądowa i Wodna w Kształtowaniu Środowiska

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2015

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Nr 12

61--72

PL

W pracy w oparciu o materiał kartograficzny z czterech różnych przekrojów czasowych, wykorzystując kartograficzną metodę badania zmian środowiska, przeanalizowano zmiany biegu Prosny na odcinku od Kalisza do jej ujścia. Ustalono, że w okresie od drugiej połowy XVIII wieku do początku XXI wieku nastąpiły znaczne zmiany. Zaobserwowana transformacja była podyktowana czynnikami naturalnymi i antropogenicznymi. Te pierwsze obejmowała głównie odcinanie meandrów i zmiany głównego koryta powodowane przejściem wezbrań powodziowych. Do drugich można zaliczyć wszelkie prace hydrotechniczne, związane np. z prostowaniem rzeki, umacnianiem jej brzegów, budową wałów przeciwpowodziowych, itd.

EN

This work analyses the changes in the course of the Prosna River between Kalisz and the river's mouth. The analysis is based on the cartographic material from four different periods, and has taken advantage of the cartographic method of examining environmental changes. It has been established that considerable changes took place in the period between the second half of the 18th century and the beginning of the 21st century. The transformation observed was caused by natural and anthropogenic factors. The former included mainly cutting off the meanders and the changes of the main river bed caused by flood waters flow; the latter comprise all kinds of hydrotechnical works related, for example, to straightening the river , enforcing its banks , building the flood banks, etc.

19

Woda czynnikiem życia każdego organizmu

Małecka I., Staszewski Z.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Inżynieria Lądowa i Wodna w Kształtowaniu Środowiska

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2015

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Nr 13

101-107

PL

Woda jest jednym z najbardziej rozpowszechnionych związków chemicznych na Ziemi a zarazem decyduje o życiu organizmów w tym i człowieka. Dzięki właściwości występowania w warunkach przyrodniczych (naturalnych) w trzech stanach skupienia (ciekłym, gazowym i stałym) woda podlega stałemu krążeniu (cykl hydrologiczny). W warunkach małych zasobów wodnych Polski (na jednego mieszkańca przypada zaledwie 4,8 dm3 * d-1) nadrzędnym zadaniem gospodarki jest racjonalne użytkowanie zasobów wodnych. Ziemia jest planetą oceaniczną. Zasoby wodne świata są stosunkowo bardzo duże – 1.386 mld km3 wody. Polska pod względem wielkości rocznego opadu atmosferycznego znajduje się w pobliżu końca listy krajów Europy. W Polsce, w bilansie wodnym kraju istotną rolę odgrywają jeziora. Ogólna powierzchnia jezior wynosi ok. 318 tyś. ha., natomiast łączna pojemność zbiorników retencyjnych w Polsce wynosi około 3200 hm3.

EN

Water is one of the most common chemical substances on Earth and one which is crucial in sustaining life of any organism , including humans. Owing to its existence in nature in three physical states ( liquid, gaseous and solid) water is in constant circulation ( hydrologic cycle). Because Poland has limited water resources ( only 4.8 dm3* d-1 per one inhabitant) it is of primary importance for Polish economy to use water sensibly. Earth is a planet of oceans. The water resources of the world are huge and make 1386 billion km3 . As far as the volume of its annual precipitation is concerned , Poland occupies one of the final positions on the list of European countries. In Poland lakes play an important role in the country's water balance. On the whole, the area taken by lakes is 318 thousand ha, while the overall volume of water in retention reservoirs is approximately 3200 hm3.

20

Rozpoznanie udziału wód podziemnych w odpływie ze zlewni rzecznej średniej wielkości

Zięba D., Michalczyk T., Bar-Michalczyk D., Jaszczur M., Żurek A., Wachniew P.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2015

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Vol. 63, nr 10/2

1161--1165

EN

Interactions between the groundwater and surface water affect the qualitative and quantitative status of water resources. Estimation of the fluxes and the associated loadings of contaminants exchanged between the aquifers and river reaches is an important but still not well recognized component of water resources management. Such estimates are available from the numerical models of flow and transport, however, coupling of the groundwater and surface water model domains is difficult. Calibration of the coupled models relies on the knowledge of the exchanged water fluxes, hydraulic conductivities of riverbed sediments and of other parameters. Preliminary application methods allowing for identification and quantification of the groundwater – surface water exchange is presented for the Kocinka catchment in Southern Poland.