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River-lake system in a mosaic landscape; main results and some implications for theory and practice from studies on the river Jorka system (Masurian Lakeland, Poland)

Hillbricht-Ilkowska A.

Polish Journal of Ecology

2002

Vol. 50, nr 4

543-550

The basic results and conclusions of multi-year studies (described in detail in previous papers) on the river-lake system in the lakeland region of north-eastern Poland are shortly presented in relation to the selected general ecological problems. The study area was proved to be representative of the mosaic landscape structure and of the river-lake system as a trophic continuum with the spatial pattern of human impact established a century ago. Generally low export rates of nutrients and relatively low input to the lakes were found as typical of the region. However, year-toyear variation in nutrient export from the lake watersheds was high, mostly related to the discharge variation, and highest in the vernal period; the highest values were found for polluted fragments of the watershed. The long-term relative stability of in-lake trophic conditions was found and their basic relation to the lake position in the river system. The role of wetlands (isolated patches and the zones close to lakes) in diminishing the nutrient input was proved and their vegetation was described. Some consequences of the possible global warming and decrease in discharge and water table in the region were pointed out, such as the pulsing (concentrated in the freshet period) system of water and nutrient supplying, sink or source function of lakes in the river system (positive or negative nutrient retention in successive lakes), change in eutrophication rate, and its symptoms. The main implications for watershed management in the lakeland region are indicated.

Links between landscape, catchment basin, wetland, and lake : the Jorka river-lake system (Masurian Lakeland, Poland) as the study object

Hillbricht-Ilkowska A.

Polish Journal of Ecology

2002

Vol. 50, nr 4

411-425

The concepts and assumptions related to the landscape ecology, functioning of catchment basins, and eutrophication of lakes adopted in the presented studies are discussed. These studies concern: lake as a landscape component, importance of the patch pattern in the catchment, processes related to nutrient export, transformations and retention in lakes, specific problems of lake chains (river-lake systems), wetlands as lake-land ecotones responsible for nutrient removal, and other problems. Specific questions for the present studies (like long-term changes) and the study goals were indicated. General characteristics of the river-lake system under study (river Jorka on the Masurian Lakeland, north-eastern Poland), climatic conditions in the study periods, and the scope of the studies are shortly presented with reference to the particular papers in the volume.