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Trust modelling in the social Internet of things

Popławski Paweł

Przegląd Telekomunikacyjny + Wiadomości Telekomunikacyjne

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2019

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nr 3

55--60

EN

As the Internet of things becomes increasingly complex, and the extent of its autonomy grows, so do the similarities to social networks. The present paper outlines the scope and implications of risk modelling based on the network structure in line with the "social Internet of things" paradigm. The key objective is to determine the role that the structure of a network plays in providing network security; effectively, both the number of connections between the entities in a network and the relationships between them turn out to be significant. Furthermore, the study determines specific risk factors relevant to studying IoT networks. The social Internet of things supplies a set of tools particularly suitable for data trustworthiness evaluation in those heterogeneous networks which have been designed for unsupervised operations. Finally, it provides a revised method for relationship assessment and discovers other necessary areas of development for the "social Internet of things" to become a truly comprehensive framework for analysing networks that integrate humans and intelligent agents. The social perspective on IoT facilitates the analysis of heterogeneous networks, especially ones where the entities are diverse and reconfigure frequently. Notwithstanding, since it has not yet been adjusted to fully grasp the mutual influences of various factors that can determine network dynamics simultaneously, an incautious adoption of this social approach may lead to incorrect conclusions, particularly when small networks are studied.

PL

Rosnąca złożoność Internetu rzeczy i coraz powszechniejsze stosowanie rozwiązań autonomicznych sprzyjają upodabnianiu się sieci teleinformatycznych do sieci społecznych. Niniejsza publikacja ukazuje możliwy zakres i konsekwencje wynikające z modelowania struktury sieci zgodnego z paradygmatem "społecznego Internetu rzeczy". Zarówno liczba połączeń pomiędzy węzłami, jak i jakość wzajemnych relacji, okazują się odgrywać istotną rolę, szczególnie w analizie sieci heterogenicznych, wewnętrznie zróżnicowanych, oraz ulegających częstym rekonfiguracjom. Modelowanie systemów autonomicznych zgodne z postulatami społecznego Internetu rzeczy sprawdza się szczególnie wtedy, gdy opierają się one na sieciach heterogenicznych lub integrują działania ludzi i sztucznej inteligencji. Jednak w ramach społecznego paradygmatu analizy Internetu rzeczy nie wykształcił się dotychczas kompletny warsztat metodologiczny. Dodatkowo, przyjęte założenia wymagają, by skala analizowanych w ten sposób sieci umożliwiała wykorzystanie metod analizy statystycznej opierających się na prawach wielkich liczb.

2

Podstawowe elementy modelu oceny ryzyka wystąpienia zdarzeń niebezpiecznych na rusztowaniach

Błazik-Borowa E., Szer J.

Przegląd Budowlany

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2016

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R. 87, nr 10

24--29

PL

Rusztowania budowlane mają za zadanie umożliwić prace budowlane w miejscach o utrudnionym dostępie, przy czym w większości sytuacji są to prace na wysokości. W zasadzie wszystkie prace wykonywane na rusztowaniach są niebezpieczne i wiążą się z ryzykiem wystąpienia wypadku, awarii rusztowania lub innej sytuacji, w wyniku której mogą zostać narażeni ludzie. Obecnie dzięki owocnej współpracy z PIP zespół otrzymał już kilkanaście protokołów powypadkowych, zbierane są dane z GUS-u, zliczane są rusztowania w terenie i wykonywane są badania rusztowań i użytkowników rusztowań. Pięć zespołów badawczych wykonało już pomiary na 40 budowach. Pierwsze analizy pokazały, jak ważnym problemem są wypadki na rusztowaniach.

EN

The task of construction scaffoldings is to enable construction works in places with difficult access, and in most cases those are works at height. In principle, all the works performed on scaffoldings are hazardous and are connected with risk of accident, damage of scaffolding or other situation in which people may be exposed to danger. At present, thanks to fruitful cooperation with National Labour Inspectorate, the team has already received ten-odd accident reports, it gathers data from Central Statistical Office, counts scaffoldings in the field and performs tests of scaffoldings and their users. Five research teams have already performed measurements at 40 construction sites. First analyses showed how important is the problem of accidents on scaffoldings.

3

Ryzyko wystąpienia tlenowej toksyczności ośrodkowej. Zagrożenie tlenową toksycznością ośrodkową. Cz. 4

Kłos R.

Polish Hyperbaric Research

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2014

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nr 4(49)

19--31

PL

Modelowanie i analizę ryzyka wystąpienia objawow tlenowej toksyczności ośrodkowej oparto tutaj na analizie przeżycia, wprowadzonej do problematyki nurkowej przez Weathersby’ego i Thalmanna [1].

EN

The modelling and analysis, of the risk of an occurrence of symptoms connected with central oxygen toxicity presented in this article, were based on survival analysis introduced with regard to the issues related to diving by Weathersby and Thalmann [1].

4

The role of the spatial resolution of a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model for marine transport risk assessment

Andrejev O., Soomere T., Sokolov A., Myrberg K.

Oceanologia

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2011

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No. 53 (1-TI)

309-334

EN

The paper addresses the sensitivity of a novel method for quantifying the environmental risks associated with the current-driven transport of adverse impacts released from offshore sources (e.g. ship traffic) with respect to the spatial resolution of the underlying hydrodynamic model. The risk is evaluated as the probability of particles released in different sea areas hitting the coast and in terms of the time after which the hit occurs (particle age) on the basis of a statistical analysis of large sets of 10-day long Lagrangian trajectories calculated for 1987-1991 for the Gulf of Finland, the Baltic Sea. The relevant 2D maps are calculated using the OAAS model with spatial resolutions of 2, 1 and 0.5 nautical miles (nm) and with identical initial, boundary and forcing conditions from the Rossby Centre 3D hydrodynamic model (RCO, Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute). The spatially averaged values of the probability and particle age display hardly any dependence on the resolution. They both reach almost identical stationary levels (0.67-0.69 and ca 5.3 days respectively) after a few years of simulations. Also, the spatial distributions of the relevant fields are qualitatively similar for all resolutions. In contrast, the optimum locations for fairways depend substantially on the resolution, whereas the results for the 2 nm model differ considerably from those obtained using finer-resolution models. It is concluded that eddy-permitting models with a grid step exceeding half the local baroclinic Rossby radius are suitable for a quick check of whether or not any potential gain from this method is feasible, whereas higher-resolution simulations with eddy-resolving models are necessary for detailed planning. The asymptotic values of the average probability and particle age are suggested as an indicator of the potential gain from the method in question and also as a new measure of the vulnerability of the nearshore of water bodies to offshore traffic accidents.

5

Wybrane problemy nauki o bezpieczeństwie.

Szopa T.

Zagadnienia Eksploatacji Maszyn

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2002

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Vol. 37, nr 1

161-181

PL

W artykule zasygnalizowano wybrane ogólne problemy nauki o bezpieczeństwie i współczesne koncepcje ich rozwiązywania, prezentowane w licznych opracowaniach książkowych, artykułach i na konferencjach. Przedstawiono niektóre z nich, takie jak: miary ryzyka, modelowanie strat, wybór metody analizy ryzyka, modelowanie ryzyka, niepewność i niedokładność w modelowaniu ryzyka, rola ekspertów w modelowaniu i analizie ryzyka.

EN

This paper describes some problems of safety science and current conceptions of its solutions. One of such problems is the choice of the quantities which should be treated as the measures of risk and the measures of hazard. An influence on the choice have among other things: a way of loss arising (immediate or long-standing), purpose and precision of intended risk analysis. Each of measures of risk is a function only of hazard measure and reliability measure. Modelling of individual and social losses is other important problem of safety science. It should be stressed that modelling of losses is a base of hazard modelling and in consequence of risk modelling. Modelling of individual human losses arising as a results of long-standing exposure to harmful conditions is especially difficult. Most of the applied models of individual losses have qualitative and discrete nature. Principles of the choice of risk analysis method is also a hard scientific problem. Many methods have been presented in numerous publications and applied in practice. They differ meaningful one another. The choice of right method depend on a number of factors. One of them is the aim of the analysis. The most important aims are: - estimation of risk level, - search for most effective manner to reduce the risk. In many cases of risk analysis the probabilistic methods (PRA) are especially useful. Risk modelling is next scientific problem. A form of risk model depends on risk analysis method that have been selected. Human reliability model is the most important part of each risk model. Construction of human reliability model and locating human factor in safety analysis are difficult problems and they have very strong effect on accuracy of risk analysis results. Computer codes are widely used form of risk models that have quantitative nature. Other important problems of safety science described in this paper are: uncertainties and inaccuracy in risk modelling and the role of experts in modelling and analysis of risk.