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1

Cyber risk assessment for sHips (CRASH)

Oruc A., Kavallieratos G., Gkioulos V., Katsikas S.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2024

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Vol. 18 No. 1

115--124

EN

The maritime industry is undergoing a digital transformation, with an increasing integration of Information Technology (IT) and Operational Technology (OT) systems on modern vessels. Its multiple benefits notwithstanding, this transformation brings with it increased cybersecurity risks, that need to be identified, assessed, and managed. Although several cyber risk assessment methodologies are available in the literature, they may be challenging for experts with a maritime background to use. In this paper we propose a simple and effective cyber risk assessment methodology, named Cyber Risk Assessment for SHips (CRASH), that can be easily implemented by maritime professionals. To showcase its workings, we assessed 24 cyber risks of the Integrated Navigation System (INS) using CRASH and we validated the method by comparing its results to those of another method and by means of interviews with experts in the maritime sector. CRASH can aid shipping companies in effectively assessing cyber risks as a step towards selecting and implementing necessary measures to enhance the cyber security of cyber-physical systems onboard their vessels.

2

Ryzyko przekroczenia normalnych warunków pracy sieci niskiego napięcia z dużym udziałem prosumenckich mikroinstalacji fotowoltaicznych

Smołka Marcin, Korab Roman, Połomski Marcin

Rynek Energii

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2024

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Nr 1

24--29

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wpływ prosumenckich źródeł fotowoltaicznych (PV) na pracę sieci dystrybucyjnej niskiego napięcia (nN), przez analizę wybranych parametrów charakteryzujących jej pracę. Obiektem badań była rzeczywista terenowa sieć dystrybucyjna. Symulacje pracy sieci zostały przeprowadzone w programie OpenDSS. W ich wyniku określono roczne ryzyko przekroczenia normalnych warunków pracy sieci dla różnego stopnia nasycenia źródłami PV.

EN

The article presents the impact of prosumer photovoltaic sources on the operation of a low-voltage network, by analyzing selected parameters characterizing the operation of the network. The object of the study was a real rural distribution network. Simulations of the network's operation were carried out using the OpenDSS software. As a result, the risk of exceeding normal network operating conditions was determined.

3

Evaluation of selected heavy metal and selenium pollution in water and sediments of Lake Eğirdir (Isparta/Türkiye) using statistical analysis and pollution indices

Özçelik Şule, Tekin-Özan Selda

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2024

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Vol. 53, No. 2

186--207

EN

The purpose of this study is to assess heavy metal and selenium pollution in water and sediment of Lake Eğirdir using some indices. The water and sediments have the highest content of Fe. According to Water Quality Index (WQI) results, the lake water is in the good category, while the low pollution category depends on HPI and HEI values. The Enrichment Factor (EF) showed that the sediments contained very high, extremely high and significant levels of Pb, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni and Fe. The Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo) revealed that Lake Eğirdir was not polluted with Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni and Zn. Based on the results of the Contamination Factor (CF), Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni and Zn were in the low contamination category. The results of The Pollution Load Index (PLI) for lake sediments indicated no contamination for all metals in all seasons. Sediment quality guidelines were used to determine the possible risk of heavy metal contamination of sediments, and the results show that Cd and Pb were at the minimal effect threshold (MET), while Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn were at the lowest effect levels (LEL). These results indicate that precautions should be taken to prevent an increase in metal pollution and reduce the existing pollution.

4

Fuzzy logic in risk assessment of production machines failure in forming and assembly processes

Burduk Anna, Lapczynska Dagmara, Kochanska Joanna, Musial Kamil, Husar Jozef

Journal of Machine Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 24, No. 2

34--43

EN

The article presents the application of fuzzy logic to risk assessment in assembly and forming production processes. The fuzzy FMEA method was used, enabling the assessment of risk parameters based on expert opinions. This resulted in the development of a system that allows for greater flexibility and increased resistance to errors associated with human factors, enabling risk assessment through the use of linguistic variables. This allows organisations to analyse and manage risk, improving the efficiency and safety of their operations. This article presents an analysis of the benefits of using fuzzy logic in risk assessment in production in conjunction with the FMEA method, which is one of the most widely used risk assessment methods in industry. It discusses how fuzzy logic can help capture uncertainties in production processes and provide a more flexible framework for their evaluation. A case study is also presented, in which fuzzy logic was applied to risk assessment, highlighting the benefits it brings to production efficiency and safety.

5

Risks of Soil Pollution with Toxic Elements During Military Actions in Lviv

Petrushka Kateryna, Malovanyy Myroslav, Skrzypczak Dawid, Chojnacka Katarzyna, Warchoł Jolanta

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 1

195--208

EN

Considering that approximately 20% of the nation’s land remains under the occupation of Russian forces, assessing the impact of the invasion in the midst of ongoing conflict is a formidable challenge. However, even the limited available data offers a distressing glimpse into an ecological catastrophe. The detonation of rockets and artillery shells leads to the generation of a variety of chemical compounds containing elements such as zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), and cadmium (Cd). The primary goal of this research was to ascertain the presence of potentially hazardous elements (PTE) within the soil in areas subjected to targeted rocket attacks within the Lviv districts. Soil samples were gathered from four locations in the city of Lviv, which had been impacted by rocket fire, using a concentric circle sampling methodology. Two distinct instrumental techniques, namely X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES), were employed to quantify the concentration of heavy metals within the soil samples. Results revealed that all soil samples exhibited a significant exceedance of the maximum allowable concentrations for titanium (Ti), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), and nickel (Ni). To assess the leachability and bioavailability of these elements within the soil, various extraction methods were applied in aqueous conditions and in the presence of ammonium citrate. The latter method demonstrated high effectiveness in extracting zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), and cadmium (Cd) from the soil. The level of soil contamination was evaluated using diverse criteria, including the contamination factor (Cf), the environmental risk factor (Er), the potential environmental risk index (Ri), the geoaccumulation index (Igeo), and the environmental risk factor (NIPI – National Iron plus Initiative). The computed cumulative environmental impact of all elements (NIPI = 49.001 and NIRI = 54.941, National Investor Relations Institute) underscores the substantial pollution within the surveyed area.

6

Estimation of Natural Uranium and Its Risk-Assessment in Groundwater of Bangalore Urban District of Karnataka, India

Ravindra Nai Poojashri, Rajashekara Vinod Alurdoddi, Mudbidre Rajalakshmi

Geomatics and Environmental Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 18, no. 2

21--49

EN

In this study, 56 groundwater samples were taken from diverse sources in Bangalore Urban district during the pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons to measure the uranium concentration and its correlation with different waterquality parameters. The uranium concentration varied from 0.94–98.79 µg/L during the pre-monsoon season and from 1.38–96.52 µg/L during the postmonsoon season. Except for a few readings, all were within the safe limit of 60 µg/L as prescribed by India’s Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB), Department of Atomic Energy (DAE). Owing to its slightly higher concentration, a study on the radiological and chemical risks that are caused due to the ingestion of uranium was assessed. Based on the radiological aspect, cancer mortality and its risks were assessed, wherein all of the samples were well within the acceptable limit of 10−4; therefore, consuming these water samples was radiologically safe. However, when the risk that was caused by chemical toxicity was assessed, a few samples exceeded the hazard quotient (HQ) value of more than 1, thus illustrating that individuals were vulnerable to chemical risk. This paper features assessments of uranium and its risks to public health in groundwater samples if it exceeded the safe limit. Additionally, it recognizes the value of periodically assessing and treating the area’s drinking water sources.

7

Mass Movements Analysis along a Road Segment (Batushë-Rrasa e Kosharës) in an Alpine Region in Kosovo

Neziri Fjolla, Bytyqi Valbon

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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Vol. 25, iss. 2

302--310

EN

The article represents a contribution to the assessment of slope processes, with special emphasis on landslides, rockfalls, and creeps along the road sector Batushë-Rrasa e Kosharës (municipality of Gjakova) in Kosova. The analysis of natural factors, as well as their role in triggering and evolving slope processes, was conducted by observing the processes in the field and, with a multidisciplinary approach, analyzing the natural factors (geology, tectonics, climate, vegetation) as well as the role of humans. By using GIS/RS techniques, the causes and features of processes were identified and presented with various illustrations and maps, assessing the potential risk in the future with the aim of proper management, considering the movement of citizens, and preserving the road infrastructure in a segment with historical and touristic values. The slopes with a 35–40° gradient are more prone to landslides, while the presence of unconsolidated rocks and fractured limestone has accelerated slope destabilization and rock mass movements. Slope stability techniques should be implemented in order to keep the road open for future visitors to historical sites.

8

Occlusion-aware collision avoidance trajectory planning with potential collision risk assessment for autonomous vehicle

Qian Yubin, Deng Chengzhi, Xu Jiejie, Qu Xianguo, Song Zhenyu

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences

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2024

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Vol. 72, nr 4

art. no. e149819

EN

Motion planning for autonomous vehicles relies heavily on perception and prediction results to find a safe, collision-free local trajectory that adheres to traffic rules. However, vehicle perception is frequently limited by occlusion, and the generation of safe local trajectories with restricted perception poses a significant challenge in the field of motion planning. This paper introduces a collision avoidance trajectory planning algorithm that considers potential collision risks, within a hierarchical framework of sampling and optimization. The primary objective of this work is to generate trajectories that are safer and align better with human driver behavior while considering potential collision risks in occluded regions. Specifically, in occlusion scenarios, the state space is discretized, and a dynamic programming algorithm is used for a sampling-based search to obtain initial trajectories. Additionally, the concept of a driving risk field is introduced to describe potential collision risk elements within the human-vehicle-road environment. By drawing inspiration from graph search algorithms, potential collision risk areas are accurately described, and a cost function is proposed for evaluating potential risks in occluded regions. Drivers typically exhibit conservative and cautious driving behavior when navigating through occluded regions. The proposed algorithm not only prioritizes driving safety but also considers driving efficiency, thereby reducing the vehicle’s conservativeness when passing through occlusions. The research results demonstrate that the ego vehicle can actively avoid blind spots and tends to move away from occluded regions, aligning more closely with human driver behavior.

9

Proposal of the risk assessment model of vehicle construction systems' safety under the conditions of Industry 4.0

Hlatká Martina, Stopka Ondrej, Kolařík Petr

Archiwum Motoryzacji

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2024

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Vol. 103, nr 1

77--94

EN

With the introduction of the concept of the industry 4.0, automation, robotics, artificial intelligence, communication methods, automotive engineering, mechanics, construction and operation of automotive vehicles, and so on, as well as the methods of corporate management are changing. Following this concept, new risks emerge, when workers have to cooperate with collaborative robots, autonomous systems, artificial intelligence, machine learning and learn new methods different from previous processes and systems. The paper first presents the theoretical background related to the topic addressed. The next sections encompass the literature review, including a list of references relevant to achieving the main objective of the paper, as well as a description of the research methods used in the paper. With regard to the main objective, quantitative research concerning the vehicle construction systems' safety issues in industry 4.0 was conducted; i.e., a questionnaire survey was developed within a sufficiently representative sample of respondents. After conducting the survey, the risk assessment model of vehicle construction systems' safety under the conditions of Industry 4.0 was proposed while applying the principles of system dynamics. An integral part of the paper is represented by the discussion of the obtained results and benefits, as well as the formulation of relevant conclusions.

10

Modifications of the Formal Risk Analysis and Assessment for the Information System Security

Fray Imed El, Wiliński Artur

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2024

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Vol. 18, no 2

317--332

EN

In the article, a modification of Formal Model of Risk Analysis FoMRA was proposed. The Modified FoMRA (1) method takes into account the guidelines of ISO/IEC 27001 and ISO/IEC 27005 standards. The applied modification and abstraction by resources and security controls (also called countermeasures) significantly shortened the time of risk weight calculation in comparison with the MEHARI method. An attempt was also made to further reduce the time of risk analysis using agents collecting information and data from various network nodes, from operating systems and devices, and additional agents containing information on reports on security procedures, security services, security management and organizational activities related to the information systems (maintenance, insurance, outsourcing contracts, etc.) and transfer it to the local FoMRA1 database. The obtained results indicate that the proposed method together with agents installed in various nodes enable a quick reaction to the system threats and prevention of their impacts (quasi-real-time security monitoring system)

11

Aspects of identification, analysis and assessment of crisis threats in the context of new challenges for Poland’s security

Terczyńska Agnieszka

Zeszyty Naukowe SGSP / Szkoła Główna Służby Pożarniczej

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2023

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Nr 87

247--257

EN

Currently, we are dealing with an increasing number of crisis situations. The Covid-19 pandemic, the crisis on the Polish-Belarusian border and the war in Ukraine are examples of very serious crisis situations that the Polish state must deal with. Optimal actions related to crisis response require optimization of actions in each phase of crisis management. The first two of them: preparation and prevention are of key importance for the functioning of crisis management entities and the entire environment in the response phase. However, the effort and resources expended at this stage must be based on the principles of economy. The main purpose of the research, the results of which are presented in the article, is the choice and critical evaluation of selected methods useful in the implementation of the process related to the proper identification, analysis and assessment of the risk of threats. The article presents a scientific solution to research problems: Which crisis threats currently impose the greatest risk? Which methods can be used to identify, analyze and assess these crisis threats? Which of these methods can make it possible to use the latest technological advances? How to adjust the pragmatics of conduct to effectively identify, analyze and assess risks? The research process considers the latest technological achievements, including artificial intelligence methods, the increase in computing power and its availability, as well as the requirements stemming from the current complexity of the political and economic and social environment. Methods of analyzing literature, legal acts, normative and available statistical data were used. The outcome of adopting the utilitarian objective is to identify potential areas of change in the approach to identifying, analyzing and assessing the risk of crisis situations in Poland.

PL

Niniejszy artykuł pokrótce opisuje i wyjaśnia zdarzenia o charakterze sytuacji kryzysowych. W artykule jest wiele odnośników do wojny w Ukrainie czy kryzysu migracyjnego na granicy polsko- białoruskiej. Opisano procedury zapobiegania i zwalczania wynikających sytuacji kryzysowych. Celem artykułu jest wykazanie wymagań i obowiązków, do których zobowiązane jest państwo polskie i wszystkie jego organy w celu zwalczania sytuacji kryzysowych. Głównym celem przedstawionych badań była: identyfikacja, asymilacja i krytyczna ocena wybranych metod przydatnych w realizacji procesu związanego z właściwą identyfikacją, analizą i oceną ryzyka zagrożeń o charakterze kryzysowym. W procesie badawczym zastosowano najnowsze osiągnięcia technologiczne w tym metody sztucznej inteligencji. Artykuł prezentuje metodę analizy literatury, aktów prawnych, normatywnych oraz dostępnych danych statystycznych. Wykazano potencjalne obszary zmian w zakresie podjęcia do realizacji identyfikacji, a także analizy i oceny sytuacji w kryzysach.

12

Risk assessment while maneuvering a loaded bulk carrier in close proximity to a vessel performing underwater work

Rutkowski G., Bożek A.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2023

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Vol. 17 No. 1

77--83

EN

This article focuses on issues related to risk assessment when maneuvering a loaded bulk carrier in close proximity to a vessel performing underwater work at the time. It is based on a detailed analysis of an incident that took place in the Gulf of Gdansk. The write-up explains real turns of events, conditions and factors that contributed to the incident, but also its consequences are explained. Some other aspects of this article focuses on, are the processes of examination of the direct causes of the incident and identification not compliance with regulations, requirements, or procedures that help to find out the human, technical, and organizational errors. The authors of this text indicate the safety guards that have failed, give the reasons for their failure and, where it was possible, point out the safety guards that should or must be established. The article does not take into account theoretical models for the described accidents, but only practical aspects, human errors and applicable local and international laws and regulations. Particular attention was devoted to the analysis of human errors made by officers maneuvering the surface vessel in the close vicinity of divers performing underwater works.

13

Bezpieczeństwo jakości wody w budynkach wielorodzinnych

Gierek-Ożóg Anna, Żaba Tadeusz

Rynek Instalacyjny

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2023

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Nr 1-2

101--106

PL

W artykule przedstawiono praktyczne aspekty implementacji dyrektywy Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady (UE) 2020/2184 z dnia 16 grudnia 2020 r. w sprawie jakości wody przeznaczonej do spożycia przez ludzi (DWD) do polskiego prawa. Omówiono znaczenie oceny ryzyka i zarządzania ryzykiem w systemie zaopatrzenia w wodę. Wskazano znaczenie planów bezpieczeństwa wody jako narzędzia zarządzania ryzykiem oraz zasady ich tworzenia. Podkreślono rolę projektantów i wykonawców wewnętrznych systemów wodociągowych w zapewnieniu właściwej jakości wody i spełnieniu wymagań DWD.

EN

The paper focuses on practical aspects of implementing Directive (EU) 2020/2184 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2020 on the quality of water intended for human consumption (DWD) to Polish law. The significance of risk assessment and risk management in the supply system is discussed. The importance of water safety plans as a risk management tool and the principles of their formation are indicated. The role of designers and contractors of domestic distribution systems to ensure proper water quality and to meet DWD requirements is emphasized.

14

Risk Management Model in ISO-standards as the Implementation of Environmental Safety for Housing Construction

Smirnova Elena, Larionov Arkadij, Shkarovskiy Alexander

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

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2023

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Tom 25

282--288

EN

The authors analyse the standardisation of risk management as an effective tool for the safety of design solutions in residential construction. The analysed regulatory documentation answers the question of achieving an acceptable level of risk. Within the framework of improving environmental management, the use of specific penalties looks quite natural. However, the primary purpose of ISO 14001 is to form a responsible attitude toward the environment and natural resources as the most crucial assets of economic activity. The article raises the issue that domestic standards cannot thoroughly guide risk analysts due to their lack of development and inconsistency with ISO 31000:2018 and ISO 14001:2016. It is necessary to develop a unique approach to risk assessment, de facto describing the interaction of different scenarios, which will ensure an increase in the environmental and economic effects in the field of housing safety.

15

Półilościowa ocena ryzyka jako narzędzie wykorzystywane przy wyznaczaniu CCP i oPRP

Jackowska-Tracz Agnieszka, Tracz Michał

Przemysł Spożywczy

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2023

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T. 77, nr 11

20--23

PL

Zgodnie z prawem UE zakłady przetwórstwa spożywczego są zobligowane do wdrożenia i utrzymania procedur opartych na zasadach HACCP. Kluczowym elementem, sercem systemu, jest realizacja pierwszej zasady polegającej na analizie zagrożeń - zidentyfikowanie każdego istotnego zagrożenia i przypisanie mu środka jego kontroli, czyli metody działania, która zapobiegnie przekroczeniu jego akceptowalnego poziomu. Niemniej jednak, poprawne wdrożenie wszystkich siedmiu zasad jest kluczowe dla skutecznego działania systemu. Druga zasada systemu HACCP nosi nazwę Identyfikacja krytycznych punktów kontroli. Jest to nazwa bardzo ogólna, która nie odzwierciedla wszystkich działań wymaganych w ramach jej wdrażania. Niniejszy artykuł szczegółowo opisuje procedurę wdrażania drugiej zasady HACCP, koncentrując się na procedurze półilościowej oceny ryzyka.

EN

Under EU law, food processing plant operators must implement and maintain procedures based on the HACCP principles. The key element, the heart of the system, is implementing the first principle hazard analysis (HA) – identifying each significant hazard and assigning it a control measure, i.e. a method of action that prevents it from exceeding an acceptable level. Nevertheless, correctly implementing all seven principles is crucial for the system to operate effectively. The second principle of the HACCP system is called the Identification of critical control points. This very general name does not reflect all the actions required in its implementation. This article details the procedure for implementing HACCP Principle 2, focusing on the semi-quantitative risk assessment procedure.

16

Impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on air transport

Filipiak Dariusz, Matyjaszkiewicz Magdalena Anna, Zalewski Piotr, Postek Joanna

Przegląd Nauk o Obronności

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2023

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R. 8, Nr 16

1--15

EN

Objectives: The purpose of this article is to present the impact of the Covid19 pandemic on the operation of airlines and the aviation sector as a whole. The pandemic forced airlines to make many changes in their operations and greatly affected the entire aviation sector. The operation of the aviation sector during the pandemic period was affected by the administrative closure of flights for months, as well as the regulation banning flights to selected countries. Methods: The study used the method of analyzing statistical data and reports on the aviation sector. The method of analyzing statistical data made it possible to compare data from the aviation sector on, among other things, the number of passengers carried, and the number of flights made. Results: As a result of the development of the Covid-19 pandemic, the aviation sector reduced the number of flights operated, which contributed to a decline in the number of passengers carried and heavy losses for the sector. During the pandemic period, the growth of airlines was sharply halted. Conclusions: Aviation around the world operated for several months in a completely new and highly unpredictable reality. The crisis caused by the Covid-19 pandemic is the biggest crisis in aviation history. The sector needs to define clear rules and messages in crisis situations.

17

Review of risk assessment tools and techniques for selected aspects of functioning aerodrome operator

Marzec Dominika, Fellner Radosław

Prace Naukowe Politechniki Warszawskiej. Transport

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2023

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z. 136

5--22

EN

The safety risk management is crucial for aviation industry companies. Each of aviation organizations (i.e. airlines, aerodrome operators, General Aviation entities, etc.) has different specificity and deals with different factors. Numerous studies on safety risk management have been conducted, however authors of presented paper have seen a need to review one of the its’ numerous aspect - the risk assessment from the perspective of aerodrome operator. The variety of risk assessment tools and techniques gives many possibilities, but can also cause disarray if rules or selection criteria for their use have not been developed. The aim of the article is to present the risk assessment tools and techniques, that may be the most beneficial and useful for selected safety aspects of aerodrome functioning. For this purpose, existing risk assessment techniques and tools were collected and briefly reviewed, as well as their usefulness for the aerodrome operator was verified according to the proposed issues related to the safety of aerodrome operations. Analysis have shown that a manual summarizing and reviewing risk assessment tools and techniques could be useful for aerodrome operators.

18

Hazard identification and risk assessment methods used in the oil and gas industry

Bogopolsky Vadim O., Shirinov Magomed M., Samedov Vugar N., Bagirov Azad A.

Nafta-Gaz

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2023

|

R. 79, nr 8

557--561

EN

The article discusses the preparation and implementation of a complete comprehensive safety assessment of a hazardous production facility, such as environmental risk management, the risks of designing and operating enterprises, taking into account the human factor, engineering psychology, the development of labour protection management systems and other risks. When assessing risks when implementing various processes, for example, the transport support of offshore fields, it makes sense to prepare a comprehensive safety assessment of the individual operational structures. In this case, bow tie analysis is used to examine risk by demonstrating a range of possible causes and effects. The method should be applied in a situation where it is difficult to perform a complete fault tree analysis or where the research is more focused on creating barriers or controls for each failure path. The methodology for this analysis is the same as preparing and implementing an HSE for whole enterprise. The possibility to apply the Pareto principle to estimate technogenic risk parameters of composite systems was studied. According to the Pareto principle there are a few important parameters among many unimportant ones. Hence, the main success is achieved not by the many actions, but the few. This is applicable to a wide range of research areas, including manufacturing, economical and physical ones. In a bow tie diagram, some calculations may be applied for example, in a situation where the paths are independent and the probability of certain outcomes is known. Such a quantitative assessment is necessary to ensure the effectiveness of control.

PL

Artykuł omawia przygotowanie i realizację pełnej, kompleksowej oceny bezpieczeństwa potencjalnie niebezpiecznej instalacji produkcyjnej, obejmujące zarządzanie ryzykiem środowiskowym, ryzyko związane z projektowaniem i prowadzeniem przedsiębiorstw, uwzględniając czynnik ludzki, psychologię inżynierii, rozwój systemów zarządzania ochroną pracy oraz inne rodzaje ryzyka. Przy ocenie ryzyka jako części realizacji różnych procesów, na przykład wsparcia transportowego na złożach morskich, istotne jest przygotowanie wszechstronnej oceny bezpieczeństwa poszczególnych obiektów eksploatacyjnych. W tym przypadku stosowana jest analiza „bow tie”, aby zbadać ryzyko poprzez wykazanie zakresu możliwych przyczyn i skutków. Metodę tę należy stosować w sytuacji, gdy trudno jest wykonać kompletną analizę drzewa błędów lub gdy badania są bardziej skoncentrowane na tworzeniu barier lub czynników kontrolnych dla każdej ścieżki awarii. Metodologia tej analizy jest taka sama jak w przypadku przygotowania i wdrażania analizy HSE dla całego przedsiębiorstwa. Zbadano możliwość zastosowania zasady Pareta, aby oszacować parametry ryzyka technologicznego dla systemów złożonych. Zgodnie z zasadą Pareta istnieje kilka parametrów ważnych i wiele nieważnych. Tak więc główny sukces osiągany jest nie poprzez wiele działań, ale przez niewiele. Ma to zastosowanie w wielu obszarach badawczych, w tym w produkcji, ekonomii i fizyce. Na wykresie „bow tie” niektóre obliczenia można zastosować na przykład w sytuacji, gdy ścieżki są niezależne, a prawdopodobieństwo wystąpienia określonych wyników jest znane. Taka ocena ilościowa jest potrzebna, aby zapewnić skuteczność kontroli.

19

Use of the method FMEA for hazard identification and risk assessment in a coal mine

Duda Adam, Juzek Tymoteusz

Management Systems in Production Engineering

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2023

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nr 3 (31)

332--342

EN

One of the basic stages of mining operations is development work. During them there can occur the events that affect the process of development work as well as the safety of workers. This article conducts a process risk assessment using the Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) method to identify events that disrupt the development work process, along with the causes of the occurrence of these events. The study covered the process of development work i.e. the execution of the M-2 roadway in seam 502/1 realized at a depth of about 550 m with an assumed length of about 500 m. As a result of the study, those risks for which countermeasures should be applied were identified, and measures were proposed to minimize the risks involved. As part of the research, an FMEA evaluation form was created to assess process risks in the execution of similar work. The highest process risk was identified for the drivage of the excavation with a road header, and is related to the possibility of frequent failure of hydraulic systems. Similar process risk results were obtained for the risk associated with improper execution of mining with explosives and the need to perform additional blasting work in the excavated roadway. The results can contribute to reducing the time of coal face stoppage during development work, and thus improve the process of them and reduce the costs incurred during this process.

20

The innovative strategy of the business development based on the waste tire recycling in the Republic of Lithuania

Rozhenko Oleksandra, Iurchenko Maryna, Juscius Vytautas

Management Systems in Production Engineering

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2023

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nr 2 (31)

162--171

EN

This article explores the development of a new business strategy in the Republic of Lithuania that focuses on the processing of waste tires into fuel. An innovative approach has been adopted, which incorporates three interdependent components: managerial, legal, and financial/economic factors. This approach ensures the integration of different levels and functions of management for the inclusive development of this business in the Republic of Lithuania. A set of indicators has been proposed, which were used to conduct a comparative analysis of alternative types of energy used for heating, such as diesel fuel, pyrolysis, wood pellets, electricity, and natural gas. A mathematical model has been constructed to formalize the financial and economic results of the tire recycling business, and it can be used to determine the results with any number of recycled tires. The investment analysis of the tire recycling business in the Republic of Lithuania confirms the economic feasibility of the proposed strategy. The risk assessment of the proposed strategy was also conducted, taking into account the technical and possible initial volumes of processing. Based on these economic and mathematical tools, managerial decisions can be made regarding the strategic alternatives for implementation. Additionally, the implementation of this strategy can lead to multiple positive environmental and social outcomes such as reduction of waste tires in landfills and decrease in dependence on fossil fuels. The results of this research provide a valuable basis for decision-makers in the government and private sector to consider the implementation of this innovative strategy and contribute to the sustainable development of the country.