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Effects of physical exercise in winter training conditions on the thermographic temperature distribution of the horse rider’s skin

Danek J., Flosadottir S.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

2018

Vol. 20, no. 3

133--137

The purpose of this work was to assess the impact of a specific equestrian training, conducted in winter weather conditions, on the thermovision temperature distribution of a rider’s body surface. The study included a riding pair with 12 years of experience (female rider, aged 25, sports active and 16-year-old horse, Trakehner breed). Methods: The study included the temperature distribution of selected parts of the rider’s body (the area of the right and left shoulder blade, chest and lumbar section, and the region of the left and right cross) was carried out before and after recreational, jumping and dressage training. Each winter training has been repeated, at different times, 10 times, giving a total of 30 workouts. The thermovision measurements were made in a separate room, always under the same conditions. Results: Research has shown that, along with the increase in the level and intensity of the training, the body surface temperature of the rider increased. After recreational driving, this temperature increased, compared to the pre-workout measurement, by 3.15 °C, after jumping through obstacles to 4.39 °C, and in dressage to 5.82 °C. Conclusions: The highest increase in body surface temperature (on the example of dressage training) was recorded in the thoracic and lumbar part of the spine region, then in the area of the left and right scapula, while the smallest in the left and right sacral region of the rider.

A priori approach of real-time ridesharing problem with intermediate meeting locations

Aissat C., Oulamara A.

Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing Research

2014

Vol. 4, No. 4

287--299

Ridesharing is a mobility concept in which a trip is shared by a vehicle’s driver and one or more passengers called riders. Ridesharing is considered as a more environmentally friendly alternative to single driver commutes in pollution-creating vehicles on overcrowded streets. In this paper, we present the core of a new strategy of the ridesharing system, making it more flexible and competitive than the recurring system. More precisely, we allow the driver and the rider to meet each other at an intermediate starting location and to separate at another intermediate ending location not necessarily their origins and destinations, respectively. This allows to reduce both the driver’s detour and the total travel cost. The term “A priori approach” means that the driver sets the sharing cost rate on the common path with rider in advance. An exact and heuristic approaches to identify meeting locations, while minimizing the total travel cost of both driver and rider are proposed. Finally, we analyze their empirical performance on a set of real road networks consisting of up to 3,5 million nodes and 8,7 million edges. Our experimental results show that our heuristics provide efficient performances within short CPU times and improves the recurring ridesharing approach in terms of cost-savings.