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1

Ammonium-Assisted Intercalation of Java Bentonite as Effective of Cationic Dye Removal

Hakim Yusuf Mathiinul, Mohadi Risfidian, Mardiyanto, Royani Idha

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 2

184--195

EN

Modification of Java bentonite assists by the multi-step intercalation of sodium and ammonium ions under low-temperature preparation. The adsorbent was examined to remove rhodamine B and methylene blue dyes in an aqueous solvent. The analysis of structural changes conducted by XRD analysis showed the peak shifting from 19.89° to 16.1° and specific peak spectra FTIR of 2846.93 cm-1 due to increase basal spacing from ammonium intercalation. The total capacities of NH-bentonite, Na-bentonite, and Natural Bentonite adsorption to rhodamine B were 192.308 mg/g, 136.936 mg/g, and 116.279 mg/g, respectively, under acidic conditions. Furthermore, the total capacities of NH-bentonite, Na-bentonite, and Natural Bentonite adsorption to methylene blue were 270.27 mg/g, 158.73 mg/g, and 136.986 mg/g, respectively, under alkaline conditions. The adsorption mechanism described that the rhodamine B and methylene blue removal occurred endothermically, was feasible, and adhered to the kinetics model of pseudo-second-order and Langmuir isotherm. It concluded that the modified Java Bentonite from multi-step intercalation is affordable and effective as wastewater treatment.

2

Photocatalytic decolourization of rhodamine b by modified photo-Fenton process with quasicrystals - preliminary research

Łoński Sylwester, Łoński Wojciech, Babilas Rafał, Barbusiński Krzysztof

Architecture Civil Engineering Environment

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2023

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Vol. 16, no. 2

171--176

EN

A novel photocatalytic process using a modification of photo-Fenton reaction, with sodium percarbonate (SP), as an alternative source of H2O2, and alloy Al65Cu20Fe15 containing, among others, quasicrystals (of the percentage composition Al65Cu20Fe15), being a source of iron ions, effectively decolourizes the aqueous solution of rhodamine B (RB; solution of 5 mg/l). The source of UV radiation was a lamp with a power of 36 W. The experiments were carried out at pH = 7 and reaction time (from 5 to 60 min). The increase in SP concentration (in the range of 8.3 to 33.3 g/l) significantly increased the degree of degradation of RB and the reaction rate. However, the use of quasicrystals, in the range of 8.3 to 33.3 g/l, was also important in the modified photocatalytic photo-Fenton process. The best degradation effects of RB (95%) were obtained for the highest SP concentration of 33.3 g/l and the lowest quasicrystal concentration of 8.3 g/l. On the other hand, visual decolourization of RB was obtained with an efficiency of 70% for SP and quasicrystal concentrations of 16.7 g/l and 16.7 g/l, respectively, after 45 minutes, and for SP and quasicrystal concentrations of 33.3 g/l and 8.3 g/l, respectively, after the time of 20 minutes. The best RB degradation effects in the comparative method (UV/Na2CO3·1.5H2O2 without the addition of quasicrystals) were only 52.7%. The obtained results encourage further research to optimize the conditions of the proposed method and to investigate its applicability to other types of dyes and pollutants.

3

Improving the Performance of Mg/Cr LDH by Forming Metal Oxides Mg/Cr-Ni Using Coprecipitation Method as Adsorbent for Cationic Dyes

Yuliasari Nova, Badri Arini Fousty, Siregar Patimah Mega Syah Bahar Nur, Palapa Neza Rahayu, Mardiyanto, Mohadi Risfidian, Lesbani Aldes

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 6

67--74

EN

This study aimed to determine the adsorption capacity of rhodamine-B (Rh-B) and methylene blue (MB) on Mg/Cr-Ni adsorbents. The Mg/Cr-Ni adsorbent was synthesized by the coprecipitation method. The results of the characterization of Mg/Cr-Ni using XRD analysis showed the formation of oxides at an angle of 2θ = 31.726°, 33°, and 45.44°. The surface area of Mg/Cr-Ni is 23.139 m2/g. The adsorption capacity test for Mg/Cr-Ni for Rh-B and MB were 85.470 mg/g and 166.667 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption kinetics model followed the pseudo second order (PSO). The adsorption process is endothermic and occurs spontaneously at any temperature. Mg/CrNi showed stability in the adsorption process of Rh-B and MB for 5 regeneration cycles.

4

Badanie stabilności barwnych znaczników fluorescencyjnych w silnie zasiarczonych wodach złożowych

Wojtowicz Katarzyna

Nafta-Gaz

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2021

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R. 77, nr 2

82--91

PL

W artykule zostały przedstawione zagadnienia związane z oznaczaniem barwnych znaczników fluorescencyjnych, takich jak fluoresceina, eozyna żółtawa, rodamina B i uranina, w wodach złożowych metodą spektrofotometryczną. W tym celu sprawdzono wpływ pH roztworu na widma absorpcji badanych znaczników. Otrzymane wyniki wykazały, że fluoresceina, rodamina B i uranina są wrażliwe na zmianę odczynu roztworu, dlatego w dalszych badaniach wskazane jest stosowanie stabilnych roztworów znaczników oraz kontrola i ewentualna korekta pH. W ramach badań wykreślono krzywe kalibracyjne fluoresceiny, eozyny żółtawej, rodaminy B i uraniny w wodzie destylowanej, wodzie złożowej A4 i silnie zasiarczonych wodach złożowych A5 i A6 oraz przeprowadzono walidację metody analitycznej. Walidacja ta obejmowała wyznaczenie liniowości, odchylenia standardowego i względnego odchylenia standardowego badanych znaczników. Wysokie wartości współczynników regresji (0,9927–0,9998) analizowanych znaczników świadczą o dobrym dopasowaniu liniowym, natomiast niskie wartości odchylenia standardowego i względnego odchylenia standardowego – o powtarzalności i precyzji metody. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na badania trwałości barwnych znaczników fluorescencyjnych w silnie zasiarczonych wodach złożowych. W tym celu sporządzono roztwory badanych znaczników o stężeniu 10 mg/dm3 w wodzie destylowanej, wodzie złożowej A4 i silnie zasiarczonych wodach złożowych A5 i A6. Pomiar stężenia znaczników w badanych wodach wykonywano co 2 dni przez okres 1 miesiąca. Uzyskane wyniki badań wykazały, że roztwory fluoresceiny, eozyny żółtawej, rodaminy B i uraniny są stabilne w wodzie destylowanej i wodzie złożowej A4, natomiast w wodach złożowych A5 i A6 ulegają degradacji. Najbardziej wrażliwe okazały się fluoresceina i jej pochodna uranina, które w wodzie złożowej A6 uległy całkowitej degradacji po 20 (fluoresceina) i 22 (uranina) dniach. Nieznacznie bardziej trwałe w silnie zasiarczonych wodach złożowych okazały się eozyna żółtawa i rodamina B, które w wodzie złożowej A6 uległy całkowitej degradacji po 24 dniach.

EN

The article presents the issues related to the determination of colored fluorescent tracers such as fluorescein, eosin yellowish, rhodamine B and uranine in reservoir waters by spectrophotometric method. For this purpose, the influence of the pH of the solution on the absorption spectra of the tested tracers was checked. Test results show that fluorescein, rhodamine B and uranine are sensitive to changes in the buffer pH, therefore it is advisable to use stable tracer solutions as well as to control and possibly correct pH in further tests. As part of the study, calibration curves of fluorescein, eosin yellowish, rhodamine B and uranine in distilled water, reservoir water A4 and highly sulfated reservoir waters A5 and A6 were plotted and the analytical methods were validated. Analytical validation included determination of linearity, standard deviation and relative standard deviation of the tested tracers solutions. High values of the regression parameters (0.9927– 0.9998) of the analyzed tracers prove a good linear fit, while low values of standard deviation and relative standard deviation prove its repeatability and precision. Particular attention was paid to testing the stability of colored fluorescent tracers in highly sulfated reservoir waters. For this purpose, solutions of the tested tracers were prepared at concentrations of 10 mg/dm3 in distilled water, A4 reservoir water and highly sulfated A5 and A6 reservoir waters. Measurements of the tested tracers in the prepared solutions were performed every 2 days over the period of 1 month. The test results show that fluorescein, eosin yellowish, rhodamine B and uranine solutions are stable in the distilled water and A4 reservoir water, while they degrade in the A5 and A6 reservoir waters. Fluorescein and uranine turned out to be the most sensitive, as they degraded completely in the A6 reservoir water after 20 (fluorescein) and 22 (uranine) days. Yellowish eosin and rhodamine B turned out to be slightly more stable in highly sulfated reservoir waters, as they degraded completely in the A6 reservoir water after 24 days.

5

Thermodynamics and adsorption studies of dye (rhodamine-b) onto natural diatomite

Koyuncu M., Kul A. R.

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2014

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Vol. 50, iss. 2

631--643

EN

Thermodynamics and adsorption studies were conducted with a dye of rhodamine-B on natural diatomite. Adsorption of the dye was investigated with an initial dye concentration at pH 8±0.2, 303, 313 and 323 K. The adsorption experiments were carried out isothermally at three different temperatures. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were used to describe the equilibrium data and the results were discussed in details. The kinetic data agreed with the pseudo-first order model with rate constants (k2) in the range of 3.05–1.59.10–1 g/mg min. The thermodynamic parameters such as standard free energy, entropy change and enthalpy were calculated for natural diatomite. These values showed that adsorption of rhodamine-B on natural diatomite was a spontaneous and endothermic process.

6

Photodecomposition of Rhodamine B on TiO2/SiO2 thin films prepared by sol-gel method

Nocuń M., Kwaśny S., Zontek J.

Materials Science Poland

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2013

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Vol. 31, No. 1

88-94

EN

Glasses showing catalytic effect have been of much interest recently because the catalytic layer is very effective in reducing of pollutants. The use of these glasses may bring reduction in cleaning costs. There are several methods of preparation of TiO2 with good catalytic properties, but sol-gel technique offers an opportunity to enhance catalytic effect by precise optimization of the composition and microstructure of the layer. This study concerns optimization of the composition and preparation technology of catalytic layers based on SiO2-TiO2 system. Catalytic effect was studied using Rhodamine B as a sensor. UV-VIS and photoelectron spectroscopy were the main research tools used in this study.

7

Heterogeneous photocatalytic removal and reaction kinetics of Rhodamine-B dye with Au loaded TiO2 nanohybrid catalysts

Zhang D.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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2012

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Vol. 14, nr 2

42-48

EN

Heterogeneous photocatalytic removal of Rhodamine-B (RhB) dye by metallic Au nanopatrticles deposited TiO2 photocatalyst was studied. For this study, a chemical reduction method by hydrazine hydrate for gold deposition was employed in order to synthesize Au/TiO2 nanocomposite system. For the characterization of the synthesized nanomaterials, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), the Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PLS) techniques were performed. The obtained results show that the deposition of gold onto TiO2 surface could effectively inhibit the recombination of the photoinduced electron and holes, improving the absorption capability for the visible light source and leading to the increased surface OH group density. The degradation experiment reveals that the efficiency of color removal from RhB aqueous solution containing Au/TiO2 powders for the photocatalytic bleaching of RhB dye is more efficient than that of bare TiO2 sample upon UV-vis light activation. In addition, degradation kinetics of RhB dye in aqueous suspensions can be well simulated by the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model and obeys the pseudo-first order law, with a decolorization rate of 0.0252 min-1 to the photocatalytic removal of RhB dye.

8

Oznaczanie powierzchni właściwej osadu czynnego

Barbusiński K., Kościelniak H.

Inżynieria i Ochrona Środowiska

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2009

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T. 12, nr 2

119-132

PL

Powierzchnia właściwa osadu czynnego odgrywa istotną rolę w procesie biodegradacji zanieczyszczeń ściekowych. W pracy przedstawiono historyczne aspekty rozwoju metod pomiaru powierzchni właściwej osadu czynnego. Obecnie za najbardziej dokładne i jednocześnie proste można uznać metody adsorpcji barwnikowej. Opisano metodykę oznaczania powierzchni właściwej osadu czynnego z wykorzystaniem Lissamine Scarlet 4R, rodaminy B oraz p-nitrofenolu (PNP). Metoda z użyciem PNP (stosowana dla materiałów innych niż biologiczne) została przystosowana do oznaczania powierzchni właściwej osadu czynnego przez autorów. Na podstawie badań własnych dokonano także porównania otrzymywanych wyników z zastosowaniem przedstawionych trzech metod. Najbardziej zbliżone wartości uzyskano dla metody z Lissamine Scarlet 4R (55,9 ÷ 112 m2/g s.m.) i rodaminą B (62,4 ÷ 127 m2/g s.m.). Wartości powierzchni właściwej dla metody z PNP były znacznie większe (151,6 ÷ 254,7 m2/g s.m.), co prawdopodobnie wynika z małej wartości pola powierzchni siadania cząsteczki p-nitrofenolu. Stwierdzono, że porównywać można jedynie powierzchnie osadu czynnego oznaczone taką samą metodą. Wartości powierzchni właściwej dla konkretnego osadu określone różnymi metodami mogą między sobą znacznie się różnić.

EN

Activated sludge process is the most common method for effective treatment of municipal as well as industrial wastewater. The effectiveness of the activated sludge process is related to the physical properties of the flocs. One of the very important properties of the activated sludge is specific surface area, which influences both the mass transfer into floc and the effectiveness of sludge flocculation. In this paper, the methods of measurement of activated sludge specific surface based on dye adsorption were shortly reviewed. At present, these methods can be stated as the most precise and simple to use. The methods using Lissamine Scarlet 4R, p-nitrophenol (PNP) and Rhodamine B were detailed described. The PNP method (used early for non-biological materials) was adapted for measurement of activated sludge specific surface by authors. Literature review shows clearly the advantages of the use of PNP, Lissamine Scarlet 4R and Rhodamine B for measurement of specific surface of activated sludge. The advantages of the use of PNP for this purpose are as follows: it is a small molecule with a known cross-sectional area, it shows affinity for a great variety of solids, it can be used in aqueous or non-aqueous solutions, it is stable, easily purified, and readily analysed. Lissamine Scarlet 4R is suitable for the measuring specific surface of activated sludge for the following reasons: it is stable, its solubility in water is neither too high (competition with solvent) nor too low (micelle formation), it can be efficiently purified and staining of glass tubes is negligible. However, the adsorption on activated sludge was taking place only under acidic conditions. Rhodamine B can be also use to measurement the specific surface area of activated sludge. The cross-sectional area occupied by molecule was dependent on pH and conductivity of the solution. The essential advantage of the use of Rhodamine B is possibility of surface area measurement without acidification of solution. However, its disadvantage is intensity of colour. Rhodamine B stains glass and other materials. Based on the results obtained in this study, the surface area measured by Lissamine Scarlet 4R was compared with a surface area calculated with PNP and Rhodamine B methods. The most close-up values were observed for Lissamine Scarlet 4R (55.9 ÷ 112 m2/g) and Rhodamine B (62.4 ÷ 127 m2/g). The values obtained for PNP were considerably higher (151.6 ÷ 254.7 m2/g), probably as a result of small cross-sectional area of PNP molecule. It has been concluded that values of activated sludge specific surface, measured by means of various methods can substantially differ. Therefore, only values obtained by means of the same method can be compared.

9

Flotation spectrophotometric determination of La(III) as a ternary ion associate with alizarin and rhodamine B

Chamsaz M., Arbab-Zavar M. H., Hosseini M. H.

Chemia Analityczna

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2004

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Vol. 49, No. 2

241-249

EN

One determined lanthanum(III) utilising its reaction with alizarin and Rhodamine B in weakly alkaline medium. Flotation of the formed ternary ion associated complex was carried out with n-hexane from the solution of 0.01 mol L-1 ionic strength. After that the sample was dissolved in methanol and subjected to the subsequent spectrophotometric determinations. The Beerís law was obeyed in the range of 10-80 žg L-1 La(III) with correlation coefficient of 0.9982. Molar absorptivity was found to be 1.74 × 105 L mol-1 cm-1 at 544 nm indicating good sensitivity of the procedure. Detection limit (DL) was 3 žg L-1 and RSD (n = 5) for 20 mg L-1 of La(III) was 3.1% with a recovery of 94.6-103.4%. The method allows one to detect interfering cations on the basis of the respective changes in the shape of the spectrum. None of the alkaline cations interfered during the determination and interferences from many other metal ions were eliminated on cation-exchange resin before the flotation step. In order to evaluate the reliability of the method, a synthetic mineral water was analysed for La(III) content using the proposed and the standard arsenazo III methods. Both of them provided comparable recoveries.

PL

Lantan(III) oznaczano na podstawie reakcji z alizaryną i rodaminą B w słabo kwaśnym środowisku. Flotację potrójnego kompleksu ion owo-asocjacyjnego prowadzono z roztworu o sile jonowej 0,01 mo! L1 za pomocą rc-heksanu, z następczym rozpuszczaniem w metanolu do oznaczenia spektrofotometrycznego. Prawo Beera jest zachowane w zakresie 10-80 fig L(1) La(III), ze współczynnikiem korelacji 0,9982. Molowy współczynnik absorbcji wynosi 1,74 x10(5) L mol(-1) cm(-1) przy długości fali 544 nrn. Granica wykrywalności wynosi 3 ugL(-1), względne odchylenie standardowe (n = 5) przy zawartości 20 ug L(-1) La(III) wynosi 3,1%, natomiast odzysk był w granicach 94,6-103,4%. Ważną cechą postępowania jest możliwość wykrywania interferujących kationów na podstawie zmian widmowych. Metale alkaliczne nie przeszkadzają, a szereg innych metali można usunąć stosując przed etapem flotacji, wymieniacz kationowy Dowex 50W-X8. Poprawność metody sprawdzono analizując syntetyczną wodę mineralną i porównując wynik oznaczenia opracowaną metodą i metodą z użyciem arsenazo III.

10

The Crystal Structure of Zn(II) Complex of Rhodamine B{Zn(RB)(OAc)2 H2O, RB=9-[2-Ethoxycarbonyl)phenyl]-3,6-bis(ethylamino)-2,7-dimethylxanthylium} : The First Solid Free Radical Species of Rhodamine B Metal Complexes

Zhang H., Lin Q., Wang L., Mu L., Huang X.

Polish Journal of Chemistry

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2000

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Vol. 74, nr 5

639-647