Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

The evaluation of viscosity properties of engine oil – Marinol RG 1240 after working in various types of engines

Malinowska M.

Journal of KONES

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2018

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Vol. 25, No. 1

275--281

EN

The lubricating oils are a liquid substance, consisting of a base (mineral, synthetic or vegetable) and selected additives. They can used for lubricate internal combustion engines, so they called – engine oils. For proper functioning of the engine, lubricating oil have to fulfil basic requirements: the main function is to enable the formation of a film of oil between the moving parts which reduces friction and wear, assisting in cooling, keeping the compression ratio, reducing corrosion, filling in all micro ridges on the surface of cooperating components, sealing the combustion chamber etc. The most significant property of any lubricating oil is viscosity, which is the measure of its resistance to gradual deformation by shear stress or tensile stress. The important feature is that property of viscosity changes during the exploitation process of oil, it may increase and decrease. That is why, for engines it is important not only to choose the type of oil correctly but also to frequent monitor the viscosity. In the article, the author shows how the viscosity of marine engine oils changes after working in different types of engines. The experiments were conducted using the method of the rheometer Haake Mars III of Thermo Scientific. The samples of engine oil – Marinol RG 1240 were collected after various periods of use in three different engine types Cegielski- Sulzer.

2

High Temperature Rheometric Measurements of Mould Powders

Ślęzak W., Korolczuk-Hejnak M., Migas P.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2015

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Vol. 60, iss. 1

289--294

EN

Issues of viscosity and rheological properties of powder moulds are important from the perspective of modelling, along with the control of continuous casting process. Conducted analysis within subject literature indicates that there are many theoretical considerations concerning the effects of viscosity of powder moulds. The objective of this study was to perform rheological measurements of powder moulds, the study contains the results of rheological tests of seven chemical compositions with a carbon content from 5.0 to 10.7% and which were tested with applied shear rates from 10 to 40 s-1 , which are similar to those in a real process: the velocity of strand passes/drawing and mould movements.

PL

Zagadnienia lepkości oraz właściwości reologicznych zasypek krystalizatorowych są ważne z punktu widzenia modelowania, a także sterowania rzeczywistymi procesami technologicznymi w odniesieniu do procesu ciągłego odlewania stali. Z przeprowadzonej analizy literaturowej wynika, że istnieje wiele teoretycznych rozważań nad zjawiskiem lepkości ciekłych roztworów zasypek krystalizatorowych. Celem niniejszej pracy było wykonanie pomiarów reologicznych zasypek krystalizatoro-wych, w pracy zawarto wyniki badań siedmiu składów chemicznych o zawartości węgla od 5.0 do 10.7% przy zastosowanych prędkościach ścinania od 10 do 40 s-1 , odpowiadającym prędkościom rzeczywistym wynikającym z prędkości wyciągania pasma oraz ruchów krystalizatora.

3

Influence of pressure on ferro-oil dynamic viscosity

Frycz M., Czaban A.

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Gdyni

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2014

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nr 83

45--52

EN

In this paper authors present the results of dynamic viscosity measurements of ferro-oil in aspect of pressure changes. The investigation concerned the ferro-oil with 1.4% concentration of magnetic nano-particles in the base oil, which satisfies SAE 15W-40 standard. The dynamic viscosity measurements were performed on the Thermo Scientific Haake Mars III rheometer and by applying the measuring system called a pressure chamber. The measurements were made at ferro-oil temperatures: 30, 60 and 90 degrees of Celsius, in the range of shear rates from 15 to 200 [1/s] and at gauge pressures: 0, 10, 40, 70 and 100 bars. The results show, that the pressure has an significant impact on the ferro-oil dynamic viscosity, because the increase in pressure of ferro-oil causes a significant increase in its viscosity value. The correctness of the results obtained using a pressure chamber at zero overpressure, was verified by comparison with the results obtained with the coneplate configuration.

PL

W pracy autorzy prezentują wyniki pomiarów lepkości dynamicznej wybranego ferrooleju w zależ- ności od ciśnienia. Badania dotyczyły ferrooleju, w którym udział cząstek ferromagnetycznych wynosił 1,4% w oleju bazowym, który to spełnia normę SAE 15W-40. Pomiary lepkości dynamicznej zostały wykonane przy wykorzystaniu reometru Haake Mars III firmy Thermo Scientific wraz z układem pomiarowym służącym do badania lepkości dynamicznej olejów przy ciśnieniu wyższym niż ciśnienie otoczenia (tzw. komora ciśnieniowa). Pomiary przeprowadzono przy temperaturach ferrooleju: 30, 60 i 90 stopni Celsjusza, w zakresie szybkości ścinania od 15 do 200 [1/s] oraz przy ciśnieniach: 0, 10, 40, 70 i 100 bar. Wyniki pokazują, że ciśnienie ma wpływ na lepkość dynamiczną oleju, ponieważ zwiększanie ciśnienia ferrooleju powoduje znaczący wzrost wartości jego lepkości. Poprawność otrzymanych wyników przy wykorzystaniu komory ciśnieniowej przy zerowym nadciśnieniu została sprawdzona poprzez porównanie z wynikami otrzymanymi na układzie płytka-stożek.

4

Determination of Flow Curves on Selected Steel Grades in Their Liquid State

Korolczuk-Hejnak M.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2014

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Vol. 59, iss. 4

1553--1558

EN

Issues of viscosity and rheological properties of liquid ferrous solutions are important from the perspective of modelling, along with the control of actual production processes related to the manufacturing of metals, including iron and steel. Conducted analysis within subject literature indicates that there are many theoretical considerations concerning the effects of viscosity of liquid metal solutions. The objective of this study was to perform rheological measurements of liquid ferrous solutions, the results of which may be used as the basis for developing viscosity models as a function of chemical composition, temperature, and a selected rheological parameter. The study contains the results of rheological tests of ferrous solutions - six chemical compositions with a carbon content from 0.15 to 0.39% and which were tested with applied shear rates from 40 to 180 s-1. The obtained values of dynamic viscosity coefficient are within the range of 0.002 - 0.018 Pa s.

PL

Zagadnienia lepkości oraz właściwości reologicznych ciekłych roztworów żelaza są ważne z punktu widzenia modelowania, a także sterowania rzeczywistymi procesami technologicznymi w odniesieniu do wytwarzania metali, w tym surówki i stali. Z przeprowadzonej analizy literaturowej wynika, że istnieje wiele teoretycznych rozwazań nad zjawiskiem lepkości ciekłych roztworów metali. Celem niniejszej pracy było wykonanie pomiarów reologicznych ciekłych roztworów żelaza, których wyniki mogą stanowić podstawę do opracowania modeli lepkości w funkcji składu chemicznego, temperatury oraz wybranego parametru reologicznego. W pracy zawarto wyniki badań reologicznych roztworów żelaza: sześciu składów chemicznych o zawartości węgla od 0.15 do 0.39% przy zastosowanych prędkościach ścinania od 40 do 180 sV. Uzyskane wartości współczynnika lepkości dynamicznej są rzędu 0.002-0.018 Pa·s.

5

Effect of the magnetic particles concentration on the ferro-oil’s dynamic viscosity in presence of an external magnetic field in the aspect of shear rate’s variations

Frycz M., Horak W.

Journal of KONES

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2013

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Vol. 20, No. 3

139--144

EN

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of changes in the concentration of magnetic particles in ferrooil to change its physical properties, in particular the dynamic viscosity in a constant external magnetic field in terms of changes in shear rate and changes in the intensity of that field. Rheological studies were carried out on Physica MCR 301 rheometer in the “plate -plate” measurement system with an adapter to magneto-rheological studies MRD 180/1T. The applied adapter enable to obtain almost homogeneous distribution of magnetic field strength. Thermal stabilization was carried out by a water jacket in a closed chamber and controlling the nature of the magnetic field was conducted by current’s changes. Tests were performed for shear rate’s changes from 0 to 1000 1/s as regards changes an external magnetic field intensity 0–700 mT. The selected concentrations of magnetic particles in a ferro-oil were 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8% and the tested ferrofluid was product of FerroTec of Unterensingen (Germany), which is a mixture of colloidal mineral motor oil Penzzoil’s LongLife Gold's SAE 15W-40 with Fe3O4 magnetic particles and the surfactant. The paper presents, in the form of graphs, the changes of ferro-oil’s dynamic viscosity as a function of shear rate and concentration of magnetic particles in the aspect of external magnetic field’s intensity changes. The results of research were also subjected to analysis. The obtained characteristics of ferro-oil’s viscosity show clear evidence of non-Newtonian properties of the liquids. There is observed progression of these properties with increasing of magnetic particles concentration. This fact indicates the essential effect of the addition mentioned particles to the change of the ferro-oil’s viscosity characteristics.

6

Possibilities of applying rheological measurements in metallurgy

Korolczuk-Hejnak M.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2012

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Vol. 55, nr 2

541--546

EN

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to analyse from the literature point of view the issues concerning modern methods of measuring the viscosity of liquid steel and solid-liquid steel in the course of rheological research with the use of a high temperature rheometer. The paper reviews the subject of measuring and modelling the viscosity value of steel with the use of equations and data available in the literature. It also presents the difficulties connected to rheological measurements of liquid steel and metallurgical slag. Design/methodology/approach: The main purpose of this paper is to present the issues relating to rheological measurements and the possibilities of their application in metallurgy. Findings: The paper describes the issues pertaining to the viscosity measurements of liquid and metallurgical slag. Research limitations/implications: In the future the authors are planning to develop an empirical model which would include rheological parameters and would be used to calculate the viscosity of liquid iron solutions on the basis of conducted rheological measurements of liquid steel. Practical implications: The results of investigation might be used in the future in semi-solid metal (SSM) forming. A fundamental and detailed understanding of the steel rheology is crucial for industrialization. Originality/value: The paper presents the issues connected to the subject of and difficulties encountered in the course of rheological measurements of liquid ferroalloys and metallurgical slag.

7

Viscosity measurements for modeling of continuous steel casting

Sołek K., Korolczuk-Hejnak M., Ślęzak W.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2012

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Vol. 57, iss. 1

333-338

EN

This paper presents the results of the rheological analysis of five chosen grades of steel: F320, UG-m, S235-c, ETZ1, B500SP. These steels are produced in industrial conditions and used for slabs and billets. In a metallurgical processes the viscosity parameter is an important indicator characterizing the behavior of liquid metal in the industrial aggregates. Due to the difficulty of the experiments only a small number of high temperature viscosity measurements are performed. Rheological analysis of selected iron solutions was conducted in the range of liquid and below-liquid point. Measurements were taken using a high temperature viscometer FRS1600 working in accordance with the concentric cylinder method. The acquired rheological characteristic allow to conclude that the investigated steels properties depend on the shear rate and temperature. The results will be used for numerical modeling of the steel casting process.

PL

W pracy przedstawiono analizę lepkości pięciu wybranych gatunków stali: F320, UG-m, S235-c, ETZ1, B500SP. Powyższe gatunki stali są wytwarzane w warunkach przemysłowych i stosowane na wyroby płaskie oraz długie. W procesach metalurgicznych wartość współczynnika lepkości jest ważnym wskaźnikiem charakteryzującym zachowanie ciekłego metalu w agregatach przemysłowych. Ze względu na skalę trudności wykonuje się niewiele wysokotemperaturowych pomiarów lepkości. Analizę reologiczną wybranych stopów żelaza przeprowadzono w zakresie temperatur likwidus oraz poniżej punktu likwidus. Pomiar lepkości zostałprzeprowadzony na reometrze wysokotemperaturowym FRS1600. Do pomiarów wykorzystano metodę osiowo- koncentrycznych cylindrów. W ramach pracy wykonano charakterystyki reologiczne, które pozwalają stwierdzić, że analizowane stale wykazują zależności od szybkości ścinania oraz temperatury. Wyniki uzyskane z pomiarów reologicznych zostaną wykorzystane do numerycznego modelowania procesu ciągłego odlewania stali.

8

Prediction of asphalt creep compliance using artificial neural networks

Zofka A., Yut I.

Archives of Civil Engineering

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2012

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Vol. 58, nr 2

153-173

EN

Creep compliance of the hot-mix asphalt (HMA) is a primary input of the current pavement thermal cracking prediction model used in the US. This paper discusses a process of training an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to correlate the creep compliance values obtained from the Indirect Tension (IDT) with similar values obtained on small HMA beams from the Bending Beam Rheometer (BBR). In addition, ANNs are also trained to predict HMA creep compliance from the creep compliance of asphalt binder and vice versa using the BBR setup. All trained ANNs exhibited a very high correlation of 97 to 99 percent between predicted and measured values. The binder creep compliance functions built on the ANN-predicted discrete values also exhibited a good correlation when compared with the laboratory experiments. However, the simulation of trained ANNs on the independent dataset produced a significant deviation from the measured values which was most likely caused by the differences in material composition, such as aggregate type and gradation, presence of recycled additives, and binder type.

9

Analiza lepkości stopów metali wysokotopliwych na przykładzie stali

Korolczuk-Hejnak M., Sołek K., Ślęzak W., Karbowniczek M.

Hutnik, Wiadomości Hutnicze

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2011

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Vol. 78, nr 4

281--288

PL

Głównym celem pracy była analiza porównawcza właściwości reologicznych trzech wybranych gatunków stali narzędziowej. Analiza została przeprowadzona przy wykorzystaniu reometru wysokotemperaturowego z układem koncentrycznych cylindrów typu Searle’a. Badania przeprowadzono w warunkach dużej szczeliny reologicznej. Otrzymane wyniki mogą być wykorzystane do opracowania modeli matematycznych właściwości reologicznych. Znajomość charakterystyk materiałowych jest konieczna w przypadku numerycznego modelowania procesów technologicznych.

EN

The main objective of this work was an analysis of the rheological properties of three different type of tool steel. An analysis was performed using a high temperature rheometer with Searle’a concentric cylinder measuring system. Investigation were performed with a large cylinder gap. The results might be used for development of the mathematical models of the rheological properties. A knowledge of the material characteristic is crucial for numerical modelling of technological processes.

10

Zastosowanie pomiarów lepkości do kontroli i sterowania reaktorem przepływowym

Kiljański T.

Inżynieria i Aparatura Chemiczna

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2010

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Nr 2

65-66

PL

Przedstawiono teoretyczną analizę dynamiki układu reaktor - reometr z punktu widzenia kontroli i sterowania procesem. Rozpatrzono reaktor przepływowy z doskonałym mieszaniem, w którym zachodzi reakcja pierwszego rzędu. Przeanalizowano odpowiedzi układu na bodziec sterujący w formie sygnału skokowego. Dla rozpatrywanego przypadku wyprowadzono równania opisujące odpowiedź układu oraz czas, po którym odpowiedź na sygnał sterujący przybierze 90% swej wartości ustalonej.

EN

A theoretical analysis of the reactor-rheometer system dynamics was presented from a point of view of process monitoring and control. A flow reactor with the ideal blending in which a first-order reaction occurred was considered. The system response to an input signal in a form of step function was analyzed. For the system under consideration equations were derived to describe the response of system and time after which the response of system to the controlling signal took 90% of its final value.

11

Pomiary reologiczne polimerów termoplastycznych

Kloziński A.

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Rzeszowskiej. Chemia

|

2009

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z. 20 [263]

73-76

PL

W artykule przedstawiono aparaturę pomiarowo-badawczą stosowaną w ocenie właściwości reologcznych polimerów termoplastycznych. Opisano podstawowe typy reometrów oraz odpowiadające im pomiarowe zakresy szybkości ścinania.

12

Measurement by load cells of impact force which a human body receivesby external force

Ito Y., Nemoto T., Ogura T., Yamasita H., Yanai S., Matsuura H.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2008

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Vol. 28, nr 1

39-42

EN

Purpose: By development of a robotics technique, the assisted living instruments which have intelligent functions are being developed. As a result, there is a possibility that the accident to which the assisted living instrument under actuation contacts a human body may occur. The purpose of this research is for the impact force measurement system which with load cells to build, and to evaluate performance. Design/methodology/approach: The impact force measurement system was built by load cells and a data logger. Evaluation of the performance of the system was carried out to static loads and dynamic loads. Findings: By covering the sensor part of load cells with shock absorbing material, it turned out that it is possible to measure impact load simple. Moreover, as a result of comparing the characteristic of shock absorbing material, it became clear that the impact-absorbing characteristic of cell sponge and organism soft tissue is in agreement. Research limitations/implications: This research estimated the impact-absorbing characteristic of organism soft tissue for the skin, fat, muscles, etc. as a complex. Practical implications: This paper cleared that the load which a bone receives by dynamic external force can be easily measured by load cells. Originality/value: The objective of this research project was to develop the system by which impact force is measured and evaluated based on the damage which a human body receives. And we were able to complete the prototype.

13

Viscoelasticity measurement of skin in vivo by rheometer

Nemoto T., Isogai Z., Koide K., Itoh Y., Nogata F., Shimamoto A., Matsuura H.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2007

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Vol. 21, nr 2

33-36

EN

Purpose: The pressure sore is a trouble by the mechanical loading. As for this, the stress concentration occurs to the skin surface, and, next, sphacelation is meant by the skin. However, there is a case where the pressure sore is not improved even if the stress is removed. For this case, defective fixation of the skin is more remarkable than the general person. In this research, the appraisal method was quantitatively proposed for the soundness of the skin. Design/methodology/approach: This paper proposed the model of the mechanism where the skin received the shear stress and the pressure sore was generated. To verify this model experimenting, it examined it in pathology. Findings: The experimental results showed that first of all, to measure the viscoelastic property of the skin with in vivo, the measuring instrument using the rheometer was developed. Next, it made comparative study with the state of pathology of the pressure sore with this measuring instrument. As a result, it was able to be suggested that defective fixation of the skin decide the form of the pressure sore. In addition, it has understood though the state of the therapeutic approach and the prognosis can be evaluated. Research limitations/implications: In this research, the skin was measured using the probe and the rheometer which devised the stage. At this time, the datum point of the rheometer measured by assuming in the bone upper part. Practical implications: This paper cleared that it is influence of the measurement place of a skin viscoelasticity value. As a result, it was suggested that the preventive care of the bedsore becomes possible. Originality/value: The objective of this research project was to develop the skin appraisal method was quantitatively proposed.

14

Metoda pomiaru własności reologicznych zawiesin szybko sedymentujących

Kiljański T.

Inżynieria i Aparatura Chemiczna

|

2006

|

Nr 4s

85-86

EN

A device has been constructed for measuring rheological properties of rapidly sedimenting suspensions. It is a coaxial fixture attached to a driving unit of a commercial rheometer. The suspension is kept from sedimentation by circulation influencing the results and, therefore, it should be stopped during the measurement. The influence of circulatory flow on the measured viscosity was presented on examples of dense media applied in coal preparation.

15

Reologia - pojęcie, zastosowania, pomiary

Leszczyński R.

Laboratorium - Przegląd Ogólnopolski

|

2004

|

nr 3

16--19

PL

Reologia opisuje odkształcenia ciał pod wpływem naprężeń. Odkształceniom mogą ulegać ciała stałe, ciecze lub gazy. Idealne ciała stałe odkształcają się w sposób sprężysty - energia zużyta podczas odkształcenia zostaje całkowicie odzyskana po usunięciu naprężeń.

16

Własne konstrukcje specjalnych typów reometrów do badania mediów o złożonych właściwościach reologicznych

Kembłowski Z., Fidos H., Kiljański T., Dziubiński M., Owczarz P., Budzyński P., Sęk J., Strzelecki W.

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2003

|

T. 82, nr 8-9

1203-1205

PL

Przedstawiono konstrukcje reometrów, przyrządów do badania właściwości reologicznych płynów nienewtonowskich, takich jak roztwory i stopy polimerów, pasty, zawiesiny, emulsje, zbudowanych w Katedrze Inżynierii Chemicznej Politechniki Łódzkiej. Są to: reometr kapilarny do stopionych polimerów, reometr kapilarny do roztworów i jego modyfikacje zaopatrzone w mieszadła do zawiesin szybko sedymentujących, reometr rotacyjny do ciągłej kontroli procesów fermentacyjnych i reometr rotacyjny do pomiarów przy bardzo małych naprężeniach.

EN

The original rheometers constructed at the Chem. Eng. Dept., Techn. Univ., Łódź, were designed for non-Newtonian fluids like polymer solutions, melts, pastes, suspensions, and emulsions. They included a capillary rheometer for molten polymers, another for solutions, still another provided with a stirrer intended for rapidly sedimenting suspensions, a rotational rheometer to monitor and control fermentation suspensions, a rotational low-shear rate rheometer, and an attachment to the commercial Rheotest rheometer for rapidly sedimenting suspensions.

17

Reologia - nauka o lepkości cieczy. Cz. 4. Optymalizacja pomiarów reometrycznych

Leszczyński R.

LAB Laboratoria, Aparatura, Badania

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2003

|

R. 8, nr 4

38-39

PL

Wyniki pomiarowe otrzymane w naszym laboratorium zależą od dwóch głównych czynników - wybranego przez nas odpowiedniego reometru oraz właściwej procedury pomiarowej.