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1

Between retrogression and progression - a proposal for a new method to recreate the historical building layout of settlement units

Kuna Jakub

Polish Cartographical Review

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2019

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Vol. 51, No. 4

215--229

EN

The use of cartographic sources and methods are the basic tools of historical geography. One of the main research trends in this field is the analysis of the spatial layout and number of old settlement units. The confrontation of maps with historical data allows the drawing of a town’s area at a certain time to be studied. The retrogression (R) and progression (P) methods that are currently used are imperfect and the model created (map) is usually incomplete and its reliability is limited. In the author’s opinion, the joining of retrogression and progression (a new method; combined – K)1 increases the quality of cartographic reconstruction of natural and cultural landscapes. The use of basic mathematical methods from the scope of set operations means the component reliability of the researched cartographic model can be varied because the common part of the retrogression and progression cartographic model represents mutual verification of source data. Quantitative effectiveness assessments of retrogression (R), progression (P) and the combined method (K) can be made for countable elements (e.g. buildings). As part of the conducted study, the effectiveness of separate methods was calculated: R = 76% for retrogression, P = 59% for progression and K = R ∪ P = 85% for the combined method. The mutual verification of the methods (R ∩ P) included 45% of residential buildings. The author describes the proposition of a new method and the course of verification research.

2

Investigation of retrogression and re-ageing in some Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys.

Gazda A., Warmuzek M., Richert M.

Inżynieria Materiałowa

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2001

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R. XXII, nr 4

337-340

EN

An analysis of the multi-stage heat treatment involving retrogression and re-ageing (RRA) in some Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys, made by squeeze casting technology, was performed. For the purpose of optimization of the two basic characteristics of examined alloys: mechanical properties and susceptibility to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) the simulation of RRA heat treatment was carried out. Subsequent steps of that complex heat treatment were analysed and a choice of the optimum parameters was done by means of study of hardness and specific electrical resistivity at ambient temperature. Static tensile testing of the material after established RRA heat treatment enabled the estimation of its efficiency. The results extend a knowledge of the processes accompanied the separate stages of RRA heat treatment as well as a possibility of its further applications.

PL

Przeprowadzono analizę obróbki RRA (retrogresja i powtórne starzenie) zastosowanej do wybranych, odlanych metodą prasowania na gorąco stopów Al-Zn-Mg-Cu, w aspekcie polepszenia stanu umocnienia i równoczesnego zwiększenia odporności na pękanie korozyjne naprężeniowe. Przeprowadzono symulację opisanych przez czas i temperaturę retrogresji, etapów obróbki oraz ich analizę i dobór optymalnego zestawu parametrów RRA za pomocą badań oporności elektrycznej właściwej i twardości HV. Statyczna próba rozciągania materiału poddanego optymalnej obróbce RRA umożliwia ocenę jej efektywności. Uzyskane wyniki rozszerzają stan wiedzy na temat procesów towarzyszących poszczególnym etapom obróbki RRA i możliwości jej zastosowań.

3

Effect of the retrogression and reageing heat treatment on mechanical properties, dislocation structure, susceptibility to stress corrosion cracking and fracture mode of the AlZn5Mg1 alloy.

Chrzanowski J., Gazda A., Warmuzek M., Jezierska E., Zieliński A.

Inżynieria Materiałowa

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2001

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R. XXII, nr 4

253-254

EN

The time-to-failure, RRA and fracture energy was measured in Slow Strain Rate Test in air and seawater, and dislocation structure and fracture mode examined with the transmission and scanning electron microscopes for the AlZn5Mg1 alloy. The observed change in the alloy behaviour was attributed to change in its microstructure.

PL

Czas do zniszczenia, przewężenie i energia zniszczenia stopu AlZn5Mg1 mierzone były w trakcie powolnego rozciągania w wodzie morskiej i powietrzu, a struktura dyslokacyjna i przełomy analizowane metodami mikroskopii elektronowej. Obserwowane zmiany zachowania się stopu przypisano zmianom jego mikrostruktury.