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Substancje biologicznie aktywne w winie

Małyszko J., Karbarz M.

Wiadomości Chemiczne

2012

[Z] 66, 5-6

563-579

Wines are the subject of an increasing number of investigations. The benefits of red wine became widely recognized after the observation of “French paradox” [8–10]. It has been found that there is a low mortality rate from ischemic heart disease among French people despite their high consumption of saturated fatty acids and the prevalence of other risk factors. The health-protective properties of wine are attributed to their antioxidant activity, i.e. the capability to scavenge reactive oxygen species, ROS . An imbalance between antioxidants and oxygen species results in oxidative stress leading to cellular damage. The phenolic compounds present in wine show beneficial physiological properties including protection against coronary heart disease, as well as anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic activity. Most of the beneficial effects of wine are attributed to the presence of flavonoids, resveratrol, phenolic acids and other antioxidants. This paper reviews the significance of different compounds present in wine and their effect on human health. Chapter 1 focuses on flavonoids: flavonols, flavan-3-ols and anthocyanidins (Fig. 1) [14–29]. This class of compounds can exist both in a simple form, as aglycones, and bounded with sugars, as glycosides. The presence of phenolic hydroxyl group in these compounds is essential for their antioxidant activity and enables to scavenge free radicals in vivo. Chapter 2 describes chemical and physicochemical properties of resveratrol (Fig. 2) [30-41] which is the main antioxidant in wine. Moreover, this compound has been shown to inhibit the oxidation of low density lipoproteins and the aggregation of platelets [44-47]. Resveratrol also exhibits anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties [48, 49]. Chapter 3 reveals that wines are also a good source of other antioxidants [50–55] as phenolic acids (Fig. 3), tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol (Fig. 4), and also melatonin (Fig. 5). Unfortunately, some wines can include mycotoxins, mainly ochratoxin A [59, 60] (Fig. 6), which is produced by the phytopatogenic fungi, Aspergillus carbonarius. All types of red wine contain different amounts of ethanol and phenolic antioxidants, and therefore it is probable that the cardioprotective effect of red wine is caused by both these kinds of components [57–58]. Epidemiological observations, clinical and experimental in vitro research prove that regular and moderate intake of wine, particularly red wine, reduces cardiovascular morbidity and mortality [66–70].

The combination of the overpressured layer chromatography and bioautography and its applications to the analysis of molecules influencing cell proliferation

Tyihák E., Botz L., Ott P., Nagy S., Kocsis B., Király-Véghely Z., Mincsovics E.

Chemia Analityczna

2003

Vol. 48, No. 3

543-553

BioArena is a complex separation and detection system, which integrates the advantages of the overpressured layer chromatography (OPLC) and bioautography. It exploits the interaction possibilities between the microbes and the dye substance as well as other small and big co-factor molecules in the sorbent bed after separation. OPLC separation resulted in the increase of the sensitivity and the compactness of the spots in comparison to the conventional TLC-HPTLC separations. OPLC and bioautography as a detection system facilitate studying different biological interactions in the field of antibiosis, especially model reactions of endogenous formaldehyde (HCHO) and other small endogenous molecules (e.g. H(2)O(2), as well as /rans-resveratrol.

BioArena jest złożonym układem, który łączy w sobie korzyści nadciśnieniowej chromatografii warstwowej (OPLC) i bioautografii. Wykorzystuje ona możliwości oddziaływania drobnoustrojów z substancją barwiącą, jak również z innymi małymi i dużymi cząsteczkami jako czynnikami dopełniającymi, w złożu sorbentu po rozdzieleniu. Zastosowanie OPLC zaowocowało wzrostem czułości oraz polepszeniem zwartości plamek w porównaniu do konwencjonalnych rozdzielań za pomocą TLC-HPTLC. OPLC i bioautografia jako układ detekcyjny stwarzają korzystne możliwości badania różnych oddziaływań biologicznych w zakresie antybiozy ze zwróceniem szczególnej uwagi na modelowanie reakcji endogennego formaldehydu (HCHO) i innych małych endogennych cząsteczek (np. H(2)O(2) jak również fra/Łs-resveratrolu.