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1
Content available Processes of a freely drifting vessel
Jurdziński M.
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
|
2020
|
Vol. 14. no. 3
687--693
EN
The article describes the rules for planning a ship's navigation in the event of loss of propulsion. A disabled ship drifting freely at sea is a potential danger to the crew and the marine environment. Lack of propulsion means that the ship cannot give way to other ships/keep out of the way of another vessel. One of the main elements of danger for a drifting ship is the possibility of grounding in restricted areas. The aim of the article is to draw the attention of navigators to the dangers to navigation resulting from ships drifting without their own propulsion, disabled ships.
2
Content available Propozycja algorytmu wykrywania zmian kursu i prędkości śledzonego obiektu
Mąka M., Dramski M.
Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe
|
2018
|
R. 19, nr 12
783--786
PL
Proces wyboru drogi w obszarze ograniczonym wymaga znajomości nie tylko samego obszaru, ale także bieżącego oraz przyszłego położenia innych poruszających się w nim obiektów. Zagadnienie to jest stosunkowo proste w przypadku gdy śledzone obiekty nie zmieniają kierunku ruchu oraz prędkości. Często jednak śledzone obiekty manewrują, co skutkuje koniecznością korekty wyznaczonej trajektorii obiektu własnego. Takie informacje pozwalają na minimalizację ryzyka ewentualnej kolizji. Jest to istotne zarówno ze względów bezpieczeństwa jak i z uwagi na czynniki ekonomiczne. W niniejszym artykule zaproponowano algorytm detekcji zmian kierunku ruchu oraz prędkości śledzonego obiektu. Proponowane w artykule rozwiązania są rozwinięciem poprzednich badań uwzględniających poszukiwanie optymalnej trasy obiektu na obszarze ograniczonym. Autorzy proponują tu algorytm dla zastosowań w systemach wspomagania decyzji dla nawigacji morskiej, ale może być on z powodzeniem zastosowany również w innych obszarach transportu.
EN
The process of choosing a trajectory in a restricted area requires knowing not only the area itself, but also the current and future location of other objects moving within it. This issue is relatively simple in case when the objects being tracked do not change the direction of movement and speed. Often, however, the objects being tracked have a nuanced effect, which results in the necessity to correct the determined trajectory of the own object. Such information allows to minimize the risk of a possible collision. This is important both for security reasons and due to economic factors. This article proposes an algorithm for the detection of changes in the direction of motion and the speed of the object being tracked. The solutions proposed in the article are a development of previous studies, including the search for the optimal object route in a restricted area. The authors propose an algorithm for applications in decision support systems for sea navigation, but it can also be successfully used in other areas of transport.
3
Content available Ship Domain in Various Visibility Conditions in Restricted Waters
Pietrzykowski Z., Siemianowicz M., Wielgosz M.
Annual of Navigation
|
2018
|
No. 25
41--50
EN
Ship domain is one of navigational safety assessment criteria. Its shape and size depend on many factors, including visibility. This article examines the influence of visibility on the shape and dimensions of ship domain in restricted waters. The research was conducted using a simulator of the ECDIS system with the participation of experts’ navigators. The domains of ships in good and restricted visibility have been compared.
PL
Domena statku jest jednym z nawigacyjnych kryteriów oceny bezpieczeństwa. Jej kształt i rozmiar zależą od wielu czynników, włączając widzialność. W artykule zreferowano badania nad wpływem widzialności na kształt i rozmiary domeny statku na wodach ograniczonych. Badania były prowadzone z użyciem symulatora systemu ECDIS z udziałem nawigatorów ekspertów. Przedstawiono porównanie domen statków w warunkach dobrej i ograniczonej widzialności.
4
Content available Clusterization methods in detecting the restricted areas for sea transport
Dramski M.
Archives of Transport System Telematics
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2017
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Vol. 10, iss. 1
24--27
EN
Clusterization is one of the data mining techniques which is responsible for classifying data. Selection of the proper parameters leads to some desired clusters behavior. Th is fact can be used in detecting the restricted areas for ships and other units. Th e allowed area can be marked as a data cluster and vice versa. Th e other advantage is the fact that each cluster consists of the set of points which can be used to fi nd the shortest path in given area. In this paper the use of clusterization in detecting restricted areas is described. Few methods are analyzed and the conclusions presented.
5
Content available Safety problems of anchoring in restricted areas in extreme hydrometeorological conditions
Kowalski A.
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie
|
2016
|
nr 45 (117)
120--125
EN
The aim of the following article is to analyse the lying of a vessel at anchor in extreme hydrometeorological conditions. As an example it describes the situation of the Panamax type bulk carrier anchoring in Prince Rupert harbour restricted area. The investigation takes into consideration the impact of strong wind on the safety of anchoring in sheltered waters. The presented calculations concern problems of slewing which result in changes of heading. The analysis also includes a description of the wind and current forces. The final part focuses on conclusions whose aim is to improve anchoring safety standards in areas managed by harbour authorities.
6
Content available Declarative ship domains in restricted areas
Wielgosz M.
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie
|
2016
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nr 46 (118)
217--222
EN
This paper presents the research results on declarative ship domains in restricted areas. The research was conducted for vessels of different sizes and speed relations. In order to determine the declarative ship domain, data were collected in the form of questionnaires. The influence of ship length and speed on the size and shape of its domain were analyzed. The detailed processes of data development and further approximation are shown. Declarative domains for ships of different sizes and speed relations are compared. As a result of the research, a mathematical model of a declarative ship domain showing the elliptical shape of the domain is presented. The intermediate and summary research results are presented and conclusions drawn.
7
Content available Efektywna domena statku na akwenie ograniczonym i jej zastosowanie w systemach statkowych
Wielgosz M.
TTS Technika Transportu Szynowego
|
2015
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R. 22, nr 12
1635--1642, CD
PL
W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań nad domeną efektywną statku na akwenie ograniczonym. Badania prowadzono dla statków określonych wielkości. Dane zbierano z rejestrowanych zapisów symulacji prowadzonych w laboratorium systemów ECDIS. Analizowano kształt i wielkość domeny statków określonej wielkości i prędkości. Dokonano porównania domen bezwzględnych i względnych w celu ustalenia wzajemnych zależności oraz wpływu wielkości i prędkości jednostek na kształt i wielkość domeny. Przedstawiono wyniki w poszczególnych fazach badań, wybrane wyniki końcowe oraz sformułowano wnioski.
EN
This paper presents the research results on effective ship domain in restricted area. The research was conducted for the vessels of different sizes and speed relations. The data has been collected from the records of predefined scenarios performed in ECDIS simulator. The influence of ship length and speed on size and shape of its domain were analyzed. Absolute and relative domains were compared. The intermediate and summary results were presented and conclusions were drawn.
8
Content available Proposal of the prediction algorithm of the object’s position in restricted area
Dramski M., Mąka M.
Archives of Transport System Telematics
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2015
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Vol. 8, iss. 2
13--16
EN
In this paper an algorithm of finding the optimal path of an object in restricted area, focusing on the position prediction, is presented. Moving in the restricted area requires not only the knowledge of this area, but also the current and future position of other objects present in it. These informations let to minimalize the possible collision risk. It’s significant not only due to the safety, but also to the economic factors. This approach is the further development of the investigations in the area of finding the optimal path in restricted area, carried out at the Maritime University of Szczecin. The authors propose the algorithm for the use in the decision support systems in maritime navigation, but it could be also applied in the other areas of transport.
9
Content available The safe ships trajectory in a restricted area
Pietrzykowski Z., Magaj J.
Zeszyty Naukowe / Akademia Morska w Szczecinie
|
2014
|
nr 39 (111)
122--127
EN
This paper presents the problem of determining a safe ship trajectory in a restricted area. The route choice task is defined as a dynamic optimization problem. The route choice algorithm and criteria are presented and discussed. The ship fuzzy domains are used as a safety criterion. The criterion of the number of manoeuvres to be performed by the own ship is added to the algorithm. The ship encounters simulated situations. Calculated safe ship trajectories were presented and discussed. Discusses the implementation of the present process, in real terms.
10
Content available Bi-directional search in route planning in navigation
Dramski M.
Zeszyty Naukowe / Akademia Morska w Szczecinie
|
2014
|
nr 39 (111)
57--62
EN
The shortest path problem is one of the most significant ones in the field of maritime navigation. One of the most efficient algorithms was proposed by E. Dijkstra in 1959. Taking into account the development of computer technology was offered another interesting approach to the issue. The main idea is to execute the shortest path algorithm simultaneously forward from the source and backward from the target. The results are presented and discussed.
11
Content available Gumbel distribution in analysis of vessel speed on the Świnoujście–Szczecin fairway
Kasyk L., Kijewska M.
Zeszyty Naukowe / Akademia Morska w Szczecinie
|
2013
|
nr 36 (108) z. 1
85--89
EN
The present article concerns a problem of vessel speed modeling in restricted areas, where vessel traffic flow is disturbed. In analysis of vessel speed on the Świnoujście–Szczecin fairway, division into the particular ship types has been made. Probability distributions describing speed of different ship groups have been analysed. Using the chi-square goodness-of-fit test it has been showed that the best distribution describing vessel speed of the most ship groups, is the Gumbel distribution.
12
Content available Artificial intelligence in solving collision problem in restricted area
Mąka M., Dramski M.
Zeszyty Naukowe / Akademia Morska w Szczecinie
|
2013
|
nr 36 (108) z. 2
118--122
EN
This paper presents one of the approaches to solve the collision problem in restricted area for two moving objects using artificial intelligence (SACO algorithm). Although AI should be used only when the classic methods fail, a simple comparison between them is very interesting. As we know the main task of navigation is to conduct safely an object from the point of departure to destination. This problem does not seem easy, especially if we consider the movement in restricted areas such narrow passages, ports etc.
13
Content available Hydrodynamiczne interakcje między statkami podczas manewru wyprzedzania
Lizakowski P.
Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe
|
2013
|
R. 14, nr 3
1937-1944
PL
Bezpieczeństwo manewrów wyprzedzania statków morskich jest istotnym elementem podczas realizacji nawigacji na akwenach ograniczonych. Specyfika akwenu ograniczonego redukuje dostępną przestrzeń manewrową, zwiększając ryzyko przerwania elementu systemu logistycznego poprzez kolizję statków podczas manewru wyprzedzania. Jednym z czynników determinujących bezkolizyjne wykonanie manewru jest prawidłowa ocena odległości bocznej pomiędzy jednostkami w momencie realizacji tego manewru. W artykule przedstawiono przyczyny kolizji statków podczas wyprzedzania na akwenach o ograniczonej przestrzeni manewrowej.
EN
Safety of overtaking maneuvers is an essential point of navigation carried out in restricted areas. The specificity of such areas causes reduce of manoeuvering available space. One of the elements determining no collision overtaking manoeuvre is the correct evaluation of the lateral distance between two ships during the action. The paper presents the causes of vessel collision during overtaking in restricted areas.
14
Content available The gradient method of determining vessel waterplane position based on multiple laser sensor positioning system
Duczkowski M., Gucma L.
Zeszyty Naukowe / Akademia Morska w Szczecinie
|
2012
|
nr 32 (104) z. 2
20-23
15
Content available Ship domain in the restricted area – analysis of the influence of ship speed on the shape and size of the domain
Wielgosz M., Pietrzykowski Z.
Zeszyty Naukowe / Akademia Morska w Szczecinie
|
2012
|
nr 30 (102)
138-142
EN
The ship domain is one of the criteria proposed for the safety of ships in restricted areas. Its shape is influenced by many factors. The paper presents the results of ship domain determination in a restricted area. The influence of ship speed on the shape and size of the domain was examined. The method of determining ship domain based on ship traces and partial domains was characterized. The results have been presented and conclusions formulated.
PL
Domena statku jest jednym z proponowanych kryteriów bezpieczeństwa statku na akwenie ograniczonym. Na jej kształt ma wpływ wiele czynników. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań nad wyznaczaniem domeny statku na obszarze ograniczonym. Rozpatrzono wpływ szybkości statku na kształt i wielkość domeny. Scharakteryzowano metody wyznaczania domeny na podstawie śladów statku i na podstawie domen częściowych. Przedstawiono wyniki i sformułowano wnioski.
16
Content available A comparison between Dijkstra algorithm and simplified ant colony optimization in navigation
Dramski M.
Zeszyty Naukowe / Akademia Morska w Szczecinie
|
2012
|
nr 29 (101)
25-29
EN
In this paper, two different shortest path routing algorithms in respect of basic navigation problems are discussed. First of them is a “state of art” in computer science – well known Dijkstra algorithm. The second one is a method based on artificial intelligence – simplified ant colony optimization proposed originally by Marco Dorigo. Author used both ways to find an optimal / suboptimal route for a ship in a restricted area. Results showed the advantages and disadvantages of both algorithms in simple static navigation situations.
PL
W artykule omówiono dwa różne algorytmy poszukiwania najkrótszej drogi w odniesieniu do zagadnień nawigacji. Pierwszym z nich jest algorytm Dijkstry, stanowiący podstawę rozwiązywania tego typu problemów. Drugi to metoda bazująca na sztucznej inteligencji – uproszczony algorytm mrówkowy, zaproponowany przez Marco Dorigo. Autor używał obu sposobów w celu uzyskania optymalnej, bądź suboptymalnej trasy dla statku na akwenie ograniczonym. Rezultaty badań pokazały korzyści i wady ze stosowania obu rozwiązań w prostych sytuacjach nawigacyjnych.
17
Content available Selected shortest path in the graph algorithms with a use of trapezoidal grid
Dramski M., Mąka M.
Archives of Transport System Telematics
|
2012
|
Vol. 5, iss. 4
3-7
EN
This paper presents the possiblities of the use of the shortest path in the graph algorithms in ship’s safe route choice process in a restricted area. To create a graph, a trapezoidal mesh based on the S-57 digital map data was used. Numerical experiments were carried out and their results are discussed.
18
Content available The problem of route determination in ship movement in a restricted area
Pietrzykowski Z., Magaj J.
Annual of Navigation
|
2012
|
No. 19, part 2
53--69
EN
This article focuses on the problem of determining a safe trajectory of a ship proceeding in a restricted area. An algorithm of trajectory choice has been developed, taking into account the parameters of the area, own ship, target ship and other vessels sailing in vicinity. The ship domain has been adopted as a safety criterion. The research results for selected test trials are presented and analyzed. The applicability of the proposed method of trajectory choice in real conditions is considered.
19
Content available remote Wpływ odległości bocznej na manewr wyprzedzania statków morskich na akwenach ograniczonych
Lizakowski P.
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Gdyni
|
2011
|
nr 69
63-72
PL
Bezpieczeństwo manewrów wyprzedzania statków morskich jest istotnym elementem podczas realizacji nawigacji na akwenach ograniczonych. Specyfika akwenu ograniczonego redukuje dostępną przestrzeń manewrową. Jednym z elementów decydujących o bezkolizyjnym wykonaniu manewru wyprzedzania jest prawidłowa ocena odległości bocznej pomiędzy statkami w trakcie jego wykonywania. W artykule przedstawiono przyczyny kolizji statków podczas wyprzedzania na akwenach ograniczonych.
EN
Safety of overtaking manoeuvers is an essential point of navigation carried out in restricted areas. The specificity of such areas causes reduce of manoeuvering available space. One of the elements determining no collision overtaking manoeuvre is the correct evaluation of the lateral distance between two ships during the action. The paper presentss the causes of vessel collision during overtaking in restricted areas.
20
Content available remote Navigation Safety Assessment in the Restricted Area with the Use of ECDIS
Pietrzykowski Z., Wielgosz M.
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
|
2011
|
Vol. 5, no. 1
29--35
EN
This paper presents an analysis of vessel safety parameters used in the ECDIS system while navigating in restricted areas. Apart from defining their priorities, a group of parameters indispensable for the safe navigation in restricted waters is identified. The function of ship domain is proposed on the basis of safety parameters defined in the ECDIS system. This function may be utilized in the navigation decision support system that uses ECDIS data and included as a new function in the ECDIS system.
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