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1

Dynamic reliability calculation of random structures by conditional probability method

Kubica Jan, Ahmed Bilal, Muhammad Akbar, Usama Aslam Muhammad

Eksploatacja i Niezawodność

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2024

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Vol. 26, no. 2

art. no. 181133

EN

Reliability is sometimes computed as the likelihood of achieving an intended function in the presence of uncertainties, and this is known as dynamic reliability by the conditional probability approach. These techniques can produce incredibly accurate reliability estimates. This work uses the dynamic response spanning action Markov hypothesis for the composite random reliability problem. Two steps are needed to describe conditional probability: first, the Taylor expansion approach is used to derive a 2nd-order approximate formula for determining the dynamic reliability of the random structure. The second step is to come up with a mathematical sampling strategy based on the statistical analysis's Kriging model. The Kriging interpolation model's sampling process satisfies the nonlinear association between structural random boundaries and dynamic reliability. Consequently, the finite element results can be used immediately to anatomize the impact of random structural parameters on dynamic reliability, bypassing the arduous and time-consuming theoretical derivation. The numerical example results show that the sampling method based on the Kriging model is unconcerned about the ratio used to represent dispersion and provides extra benefits in computational verisimilitude and calculation productivity.

2

A preliminary investigation of dry gravity separation with low specific gravity ores using a laboratory Knelson Concentrator

Zhou Meng, Kökkılıç Ozan, Langlois Raymond, Waters Kristian E.

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2023

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Vol. 59, iss. 5

art. no. 165992

EN

It has become an active research area for treating low specific gravity (SG) deposits by centrifugal separation due to its high efficiency, low cost and minor environmental impact. Laboratory Knelson Concentrator has shown its potential for processing high density ores on a dry basis. This study investigated the feasibility and the optimum operating conditions when processing a dry low SG feed with a modified Knelson Concentrator. A synthetic mixture of magnetite and quartz with a grade of 1% magnetite was used to mimic a low-density ratio ore. Bowl speed (G), air fluidizing pressure (psi) and solids feed rate (g/min) were chosen as the operating variables. Box-Behnken design was used to design the experiments and response surface method was used for optimization. The effects of each individual factors and their interactions on concentrate grade and magnetite recovery were evaluated. The dry process achieved up to 60 % magnetite recovery with an upgrade ratio of 5. The optimized values for the concentration with the highest recovery and grade of bowl speed, solids feed rate and air fluidizing pressure are 27 G, 200 g/min and 12 psi, respectively.

3

Optimization of joining HDPE rods by continuous drive friction welding

Tashkandi Mohammed A., Becheikh Nidhal M.

Materials Science Poland

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2022

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Vol. 40, No. 2

240--256

EN

Continuous drive friction welding (CDFW) is a solid-state joining procedure that can be used to join various similar and dissimilar materials. High-density polyethylene (HDPE) is a thermoplastic that can replace many traditional materials. Utilizing experimental design procedures such as response surface method (RSM) is a reliable approach for determining the most significant process parameters and optimizing the desired responses. The current study employed an RSM experimental design to investigate the effects of the process parameters for welding HDPE rods using CDFW. The design evaluated the process parameters and three outcome responses: the maximum welding temperature, the axial shortening, and the tensile strength (TS). The combination of the three responses can allow achieving high-efficiency welds. The results showed that it was possible to achieve high-efficiency welds while maintaining axial shortening and controlling temperature. A TS >65% of the parent material's strength with an axial shortening of <3 mm was achieved.

4

Optimisation of variation coolant system techniques in machining aluminium alloy Al319

Zainal Ariffin S., Efendee A. M., Redhwan A. A. M., Alias M., Arifuddin A., Kamrol Amri M., Mohd Ali M., Khalil K., Aminullah A. R. M., Hasnain A. R., Baba N. B.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 113, nr 2

72--77

EN

Purpose: Cutting parameters are often chosen for machining by machine operators in the industry. The experience and efficiency of the machine operator in producing a quality product are frequently used to decide parameter selection - low productivity results from improper parameter selection, inefficient machining, and technological issues. Today's key issues in the machining industry are focusing on increasing machining performance on surface roughness while minimising coolant usage. The study's objective is to enhance the performance of the nozzle lubrication system during the turning operation of an aluminium alloy 319 workpieces (Al319) to generate good surface roughness by applying turning parameters such as cutting speed, feed rate, and the depth of cut. Design/methodology/approach: Response Surface Method (RSM) was used to create the experimental method for this investigation, carried out using a CNC lathe machine with two axial movements and a wet cooling nozzle with a size of 1.0 mm. Synthetic soluble lubricants, Al2O3-coated cemented carbide inserts, and Aluminium alloy 319 were utilised as cutting tools and workpiece materials. Findings: To study the influence of cutting parameters on surface roughness, the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) approach was utilised while the response surface method was performed to achieve an optimum machining performance (RSM). When comparing dry and wet cooling systems, the size of 1.0 mm nozzle shows appropriate surface roughness. According to the ANOVA analysis, the key factor impacting the surface roughness as machining performance in lubrication technique experiments was the utilisation of 1.0 mm nozzle size. Research limitations/implications: The findings of combination machining parameters at a cutting speed of 270 m/min and a cutting depth of 0.60 mm at a feed rate of 0.08 mm/min offered the best results, achieving a surface roughness, Ra of 0.94 μm. Practical implications: The use of coolant size nozzle 1.0 mm technology combined with the use of correct machining parameters can improve machining cuts. Originality/value: The novel size of 1.0 mm nozzle in this current research is also valuable for reducing and increasing productivity in the machining business, as well as reducing dependency on machining operators' experience and abilities.

5

Effectiveness of hybrid Al2O3-TiO2 nano cutting fluids application in CNC turning process

Arifuddin A., Redhwan A.A.M., Syafiq A.M., Zainal Ariffin S., Aminullah A.R.M., Azmi W.H.

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 117, nr 2

70--78

EN

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of hybrid Al2O3-TiO2 nano-cutting fluid in the turning process application under the selected significant machining parameters consisting of nano concentration, depth of cut and feed rate. Design/methodology/approach: The preparation of aqueous hybrid Al2O3-TiO2 water-based nano-cutting fluids and their application as the cutting fluid in turning operations are undertaken. The Al2O3-TiO2 hybrid nano-cutting fluids were prepared through a one-step method; by dispersing nanoparticles of Al2O3 (average diameter 30 nm) and TiO2 (average diameter 30-50 nm) in CNC coolant based at four different volume concentrations (1%, 2%, 3%, 4%). The effectiveness of turning cutting performance, namely cutting temperature (°C), average surface roughness (Ra), and tool wear (%), were assessed via air-assisted nano cutting fluids impinged through MQL setup in turning of Aluminium Alloy AA7075. The response surface method (RSM) was employed in the design of the experiment (DOE). Findings: The lowest cutting temperature, surface roughness, and tool wear of 25.8°C, 0.494 μm, and 0.0107%, are obtained, respectively, when the combinations of hybrid nano cutting fluid concentration of 4%, feed rate value of 0.1 mm/rev, and 0.3 mm depth of cut is used. Research limitations/implications: The result in this paper is based on the experimental study of Al2O3-TiO2 hybrid nano-cutting fluid using CNC turning operation. The process focuses on the finishing process by using a finishing insert. Further work using roughing process may be suggested to observe the better performance of this cutting process using nano-cutting fluid towards reducing the wear rate. Practical implications: The use of Al2O3-TiO2 hybrid nano-cutting fluid coupled with MQL in the CNC turning process is considered a new method. Machining soft and delicate materials such as Aluminium should consider using this combination technique since it lowers the cutting temperature and removes the chips, reducing the adhesive wear. Originality/value: The hybrid nano-cutting fluid can replace the conventional cutting fluid and will perform better if combined with the MQL cooling technique; this new method should be considered by major industry players that require a high-precision finished product such as the product that involves aircraft and aerospace applications.

6

Modeling and parametric optimization of friction stir welding of aluminium alloy AA7068-T6 using response surface methodology and desirability function analysis

Bindu M. D., Tide P. S., Bhasi A. B., Ramachandran K. K.

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences

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2021

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Vol. 69, nr 4

art. no. e137936

EN

In this investigation, high specific strength precipitation hardenable alloy AA7068-T6 was joined using friction stir welding. Experiments were carried out using the three factor-three level central composite face-centered design of response surface methodology. Regression models were developed to assess the influence of tool rotational speed, welding speed, and axial force on ultimate tensile strength and elongation of the fabricated joints. The validity of the developed models was tested using the analysis of variance (ANOVA), actual and adjusted values of the regression coefficients, and experimental trials. The analysis of the developed models together with microstructural studies of typical cases showed that the tool rotational speed and welding speed have a significant interaction effect on the tensile strength and elongation of the joints. However, the axial force has a relatively low interaction effect with tool rotational speed and welding speed on the strength and elongation of the joints. The process variables were optimized using the desirability function analysis. The optimized values of joint tensile strength and elongation – 516 MPa and 21.57%, respectively were obtained at a tool rotational speed of 1218 rpm, welding speed of 47 mm/ min, and an axial force of 5.3 kN.

7

Acoustic Attenuation Performance Analysis and Optimisation of Expansion Chamber Coupled Micro-perforated Cylindrical Panel Using Response Surface Method

Alisah Mohamad Izudin, Ooi Lu Ean, Ripin Zaidi Mohd, Yahaya Ahmad Fadzli, Ho Kelvin

Archives of Acoustics

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2021

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Vol. 46, No. 3

507--517

EN

This paper describes the boundary element method (BEM) and the experimental and optimisation studies conducted to understand the potential of expansion chamber coupled micro-perforated cylindrical panel (MPCP) in enhancing the acoustic attenuation for in-duct noise control issues. Owing to the complex structure of the MPCP and to achieve the correct prediction of acoustic attenuation, BEM is adopted on the basis of the Simcenter 3D software to compute the sound transmission loss (TL), As the MPCP is cylindrical in shape with numbers of sub-milimeter holes, additive manufacturing-based 3D printing is utilised for the model prototyping to reduce current design limitation and enable fast fabrication. The TL measurement-based two-load method is adopted for model validation. Subsequently, parametric studies of the MPCP concerning the perforation hole diameter, perforation ratio and depth of air space are carried out to investigate the acoustic performance. Optimisation via response surface method is used as it allows for evaluating the effects of multiple parameters as required in this study. The model validation result shows that the error between the BEM and the measured values is relatively small and shows good agreement. The R-square value is 0.89. The finding from the parametric studies shows that a wider peak attenuation can be achieved by reducing the perforation hole diameter, and one way to increase the TL amplitude is by increasing the air cavity depth. Finally, the optimised MPCP model is adopted to the commercial vacuum cleaner for verification. The sound pressure level of the vacuum cleaner is significantly attenuated within the objective frequency of 1.7 kHz.

8

Characterization of geometrical parameters of plastic bottle shredder blade utilizing a two-step optimization method

Nguyen Trieu Khoa, Chau Minh Quang, Do The-Can, Pham Anh-Duc

Archive of Mechanical Engineering

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2021

|

LXVIII, nr 3

253--269

EN

In this paper, a numerical and experimental investigation of geometrical parameters of the blade for plastic bottle shredder was performed based on the Taguchi method in combination with a response surface method (RSM). Nowadays, plastic waste has become a major threat to the environment. Shredding, in which plastic waste is shredded into small bits, ready for transportation and further processing, is a crucial step in plastic recycling. Although many studies on plastic shredders were performed, there was still a need for more researches on the optimization of shredder blades. Hence, a numerical analysis was carried out to study the influences of the relevant geometrical parameters. Next, a two-step optimization process combining the Taguchi method and the RSM was utilized to define optimal parameters. The simulation results clearly confirmed that the current technique can triumph over the limitation of the Taguchi method, originated from a discrete optimization nature. The optimal blade was then fabricated and experimented, showing lower wear via measurement by an ICamScope® microscope. Hence, it can be clearly inferred from this investigation that the current optimization method is a simple, sufficient tool to be applied in such a traditional process without using any complicated algorithms or expensive software.

9

Energy absorption characteristics of thin-walled sinusoidal corrugated tube using RSM-CCD

Rahim Mohd. Reyaz Ur, Bharti Prem Kumar

Production Engineering Archives

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2020

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Vol. 26, Iss. 4

144--153

EN

The axial crushing behaviour of tubes of different section shapes has been extensively investigated as they have an excellent energy absorption, but the thin walled corrugated tube structures have been designed to further improve their energy absorption performance. The study aims to analyze the effect of sinusoidal corrugations along cross section of the tube on peak force, energy absorption and specific energy absorption. In the present work the response surface methodology (RSM) using central composite design (CCD) has been used and simulation work is performed by using ANSYS workbench to explore the effects of geometrical parameters on the responses of constructing models.

10

Recovery of vanadium and tungsten from spent selective catalytic reduction catalyst by alkaline pressure leaching

Liu Nana, Xu Xinyang, Liu Yuan

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2020

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Vol. 56, iss. 3

407--420

EN

Improving the efficiency of precious metal recovery from spent Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) catalyst provides economic benefits and promises sustainable use of resources. Here we demonstrate highly efficient alkaline pressure leaching method for the extraction of vanadium (V) and tungsten (W) from spent SCR catalyst. We analyzed the effects of experimental parameters such as the stirring speed, leaching agent concentration, leaching temperature, liquid-to-solid ratio, and leaching time. The Box-Behnken design of experiments and the response surface methodology have been employed to understand the impact of the leaching parameters and the impact of their interactions on the leaching rate of V and W. The results showed that the leaching agent concentration significantly promoted the recovery of V and W; the influence of the reaction temperature and leaching time moderately increased the leaching rate of the metals. Moreover, the efficiency of the alkaline pressure leaching technique was determined by the interactions between leaching time and reaction temperature, and the relationships between reaction temperature and leaching agent concentration. By using the response surface methodology, the optimal leaching conditions were found that the leaching agent concentration was 4.75 mol-1, the leaching temperature was 190 °C, and the reaction time was 44.5 min, and the predicted values of V and W leaching rates were 95.76% and 98.36%, respectively. Based on the excellent fitting between modeling and experimental results demonstrated in this work, we conclude that our study can shed light on the development of highly efficient and sustainable metal recovery strategies for practical applications.

11

A study on the stress concentration factor induced in double countersunk holes due to uniaxial tension

Gharaibeh Mohammad A.

International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 25, no. 4

59--68

EN

Finite element and response surface methods were utilized to investigate the stress concentration factor induced in isotropic rectangular plates with two identical countersunk rivet holes due to uniaxial tension. In this investigation, the finite element model was constructed using ANSYS software and used to produce stress concentration factor (SCF) data. Additionally, the response surface method (RSM) was implemented to characterize the influence of the problem geometric parameters on the SCF. Besides, RSM combined with least squares regression methods were employed to formulate a simple and effective equation to mathematically compute the stress concentration factor […] value. This equation was consequently verified with finite element analysis (FEA) results. Lastly, an optimum plate and holes configuration that minimizes the SCF was suggested and hence recommended.

12

Improving the procedure of probabilistic load testing design of typical bridges based on structural response similarities

Owerko P., Winkelmann K.

Archives of Civil Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 66, nr 4

325--342

EN

This paper concerns load testing of typical bridge structures performed prior to operation. In-situ tests of a two-span post-tensioned bridge loaded with three vehicles of 38-ton mass each formed the input of this study. On the basis of the results of these measurements an advanced FEM model of the structure was developed for which the sensitivity analysis was performed for chosen uncertainty sources. Three uncorrelated random variables representing material uncertainties, imperfections of positioning and total mass of loading vehicles were indicated. Afterwards, two alternative FE models were created based on a fully parametrised geometry of the bridge, differing by a chosen global parameter – the skew angle of the structure. All three solid models were subjected to probabilistic analyses with the use of second-order Response Surface Method in order to define the features of structural response of the models. It was observed that both the ranges of expected deflections and their corresponding mean values decreased with an increase of the skewness of the bridge models. Meanwhile, the coefficient of variation and relative difference between the mean value and boundary quantiles of the ranges remain insensitive to the changes in the skew angle. Owing to this, a procedure was formulated to simplify the process of load testing design of typical bridges differing by a chosen global parameter. The procedure allows - if certain conditions are fulfilled - to perform probabilistic calculations only once and use the indicated probabilistic parameters in the design of other bridges for which calculations can be performed deterministically.

PL

Pracę otwiera przegląd najnowszej literatury fachowej o zasięgu międzynarodowym, dotyczącej próbnych obciążeń obiektów mostowych. W licznych publikacjach badawczych jednoznacznie stwierdzono, iż zasadne jest, by często stosowane w tym zakresie metody deterministyczne uzupełniać lub zastępować analizami probabilistycznymi. Niniejsza praca stanowi zatem rozwinięcie dotychczasowych osiągnięć i spostrzeżeń. Przedmiotem pracy jest analiza możliwości zwiększenia efektywności procesu przygotowania probabilistycznych projektów próbnych obciążeń typowych konstrukcji mostowych, różniących się wybranym parametrem geometrycznym (w tym przypadku – kątem ukosu konstrukcji „α”) przed ich dopuszczeniem do eksploatacji w zakresie pomiarów statycznych. Punktem wyjściowym przedstawionej analizy jest próbne obciążenie in-situ typowego, drogowego mostu sprężonego. Jednym z podstawowych kryteriów dopuszczenia obiektu mostowego do użytkowania w niektórych krajach, jest wykazanie, iż ugięcia dźwigarów głównych obiektu mostowego wywołane statycznym obciążeniem próbnym są mniejsze niż te określone teoretycznie w modelu MES obiektu. W pierwszej kolejności zatem, wyniki pochodzące z rzeczywistych badań próbnego obciążenia zostały zestawione z ich teoretycznymi odpowiednikami, pochodzącymi z prostego modelu rusztowego mostu. Ten przykład ogranicza się do analizy maksymalnych ugięć jednego z dźwigarów głównych obiektu. Wykazano, iż ugięcia z pomiarów in-situ (pomierzone przemieszczenia zostały odpowiednio przeliczone na ugięcia, aby uwzględnić wpływ osiadania podpór i zgniotów łożysk) były mniejsze niż te określone teoretycznie. Nie było zatem podstaw do niedopuszczenia mostu do użytkowania ze względu na niespełnienie kryterium ugięć. Jednakże, w rezultacie analizy wykazano, iż wyniki odpowiedzi konstrukcji z prostego modelu deterministycznego różniły się znacznie od wyników pomiarów. W związku z tym, w celu opracowania procedury zwiększenia efektywności procesu przygotowywania probabilistycznych projektów próbnych obciążeń obiektów typowych, do dalszych analiz porównawczych i probabilistycznych wygenerowany został znacząco bardziej zaawansowany model bryłowy MES.

13

Experimental analysis on surface roughness in turning hybrid metal matrix (6061Al+SiC+Gr) composites

Kathirvel M., Palani Kumar K., Diaz P. M.

Mechanics and Mechanical Engineering

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2018

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Vol. 22, nr 1

341--356

EN

Owing to the distinguished properties Metal Matrix Graphite Hybrid Composites (Al/SiCMMC-Gr) are used in various applications. This paper deals with the utility of Taguchi and response surface methodologies for the prediction of surface roughness in tuning of these materials with PCD tool. The cutting parameters effect on surface quality is analyzed and an empirical model with respect to turning parameters is established using response surface method. The most important parameter that influences the turning Al/SiC-MMC-Gr is feed. The measured and predicted results are approximately equal, which proves that, model is to be used for predicting surface finish in turning of these composites. Validation experiments have been used to confirm the predicted results.

14

Machining parameter optimization for EDM machining of Mg–RE–Zn–Zr alloy using multi-objective Passing Vehicle Search algorithm

Parsana S., Radadia N., Sheth M., Sheth N., Savsani V., Prasad N. E., Ramprabhu T.

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

|

2018

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Vol. 18, no. 3

799--817

EN

Mg alloys are known for their specific strength, stiffness, damping capacity, EMI shielding. Particularly, Rare earths added Mg alloys find applications in the gear box casing, transmission housing, engine mount, ribs, frames, instrument panels due to their improved corrosion resistance, pressure tightness, specific strength and creep strength. Reemergence of Mg alloys in the aircraft structural applications demands for advanced machining processes such as EDM to fabricate complex geometry parts. In this study, parametric multi-objective optimization of EDM on Mg–RE–Zn–Zr alloy is carried out using the novel meta-heuristic algorithm – Passing Vehicle Search (PVS). The input parameters considered are pulse-on (Ton), pulse-off (Toff) and peak current (A). Response surface method (RSM) is implemented through the Box–Behnken design to formulate a mathematical model for Material Removal Rate (MRR), Tool Wear Rate (TWR) and Roundness of holes. The accuracy of theoretical model has been established using the confirmation runs. Using the weighted sum method, the multi-objective PVS calculated optimal solutions for different weights to generate 2-D and surface pareto fronts. These pareto fronts were evaluated for performance determination of PVS using novel and established metrics such as spacing, spreading, hypervolume and pure diversity. The values of performance metrics indicate acceptable nature of the graphs and such analysis would facilitate better comparisons of solutions to select algorithms for optimization. Finally, decision making is illustrated with the help of level diagrams to draw up practical inferences for designing production plans and providing the best choice of machining parameters according to their preferences.

15

Numerical modelling of structures with uncertainties

Kahsin M.

Polish Maritime Research

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2017

|

S 1

125--132

EN

The nature of environmental interactions, as well as large dimensions and complex structure of marine offshore objects, make designing, building and operation of these objects a great challenge. This is the reason why a vast majority of investment cases of this type include structural analysis, performed using scaled laboratory models and complemented by extended computer simulations. The present paper focuses on FEM modelling of the offshore wind turbine supporting structure. Then problem is studied using the modal analysis, sensitivity analysis, as well as the design of experiment (DOE) and response surface model (RSM) methods. The results of modal analysis based simulations were used for assessing the quality of the FEM model against the data measured during the experimental modal analysis of the scaled laboratory model for different support conditions. The sensitivity analysis, in turn, has provided opportunities for assessing the effect of individual FEM model parameters on the dynamic response of the examined supporting structure. The DOE and RSM methods allowed to determine the effect of model parameter changes on the supporting structure response.

16

Open-End Yarn Properties Prediction Using HVI Fibre Properties and Process Parameters

Ghanmi H., Ghith A., Benameur T.

Autex Research Journal

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2017

|

Vol. 17, no. 1

6--11

EN

This article provides three models to predict rotor spun yarn characteristics which are breaking strength, breaking elongation and unevenness. These models used noncorrelated raw material characteristics and some processing parameters. For this purpose, five different cotton blends were processed into rotor spun yarns having different metric numbers (Nm10, Nm15, Nm18, Nm22, Nm30 and Nm37). Each count was spun at different twist levels. Response surface method was used to estimate yarn quality characteristics and to study variable effects on these characteristics. In this study, predicting models are given by the analysis of response surface after many iterations in which nonsignificant terms are excluded for more accuracy and precision. It was shown that yarn count, twist and sliver properties had considerable effects on the open-end rotor spun yarn properties. This study can help industrial application since it allows a quality management-prediction based on input variables such as fibre characteristics and process parameters.

17

Estimation of system reliability by using the PLS-regression based corrected response surface method

Liu H., Jiang W., Hulio Z. H., Wang Q.

Eksploatacja i Niezawodność

|

2016

|

Vol. 18, no. 2

260--270

EN

A new computational method, referred as PLS-regression (PLSR) based corrected response surface method, has been developed for predicting the reliability of structural and mechanical systems subjecting to random loads, material properties, and geometry. The method involves a Corrected-Response Surface Model (C-RSM) based on the Partial Least Squares Regression Method (PLSRM) combined with some correction factors, and Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS), which is named as the Corrected-Partial Least Squares Regression-Response Surface Method (C-PLSRRSM). In order to develop an accurate surrogate model for the region determining the reliability of the system, a proper coefficient is presented to determine the sampling region of the input random variables. Due to a small number of original function evaluations, the proposed method is effective, particularly when a response evaluation entails costly finite-element, mesh-free, or other numerical analysis. Three numerical examples involving reliability problems of two structural systems and a mechanical system illustrate the method developed. Results indicate that the proposed method provides accurate and computationally efficient estimates of reliability. The proposed correction method, the PLSR based corrected response surface (C-PLSR-RS), can be the accurate surrogate model for calculating system reliabilities, especially for the implicit performance functions.

PL

Nowa metoda obliczeniowa o nazwie "poprawiona metoda powierzchni odpowiedzi oparta na regresji PLS" (C-PLSRRSM) została opracowana dla potrzeb przewidywania niezawodności systemów konstrukcyjnych i mechanicznych poddanych obciążeniom losowym oraz charakteryzujących się losową geometrią oraz losowymi właściwościami materiałowymi. W metodzie uwzględniono pewne czynniki korekcyjne oraz symulację Monte Carlo. W celu opracowania odpowiedniego modelu zastępczego dla regionu stanowiącego o niezawodności systemu, przedstawiono współczynnik, który pozwala określić obszar pobierania próbek wejściowych zmiennych losowych. Ze względu na niewielką liczbę ocen funkcji początkowych, proponowana metoda jest skuteczna zwłaszcza wtedy, gdy ocena odpowiedzi wymaga kosztownej analizy numerycznej metodą elementów skończonych czy metodą automatycznie generowanej siatki (free mesh). Opracowaną metodę zilustrowano za pomocą trzech przykładów numerycznych dotyczących niezawodności dwóch systemów konstrukcyjnych oraz jednego układu mechanicznego. Wyniki wskazują, że proponowana metoda zapewnia dokładne i wydajne obliczeniowo oszacowanie niezawodności. Proponowana metoda C-PLSR-RS może stanowić trafny model zastępczy do obliczania niezawodności systemu, zwłaszcza w przypadku uwikłanych funkcji stanu granicznego.

18

Optymalizacja produkcji 2,3-butanodiolu przez szczep Bacillus licheniformis NCIMB 8059 metodą płaszczyzny odpowiedzi

Lesiecki M., Czerniak A., Leśniak D., Płóciennik E.

Aparatura Badawcza i Dydaktyczna

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2013

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T. 18, nr 2

121--128

PL

W pracy wykorzystano metodę płaszczyzny odpowiedzi w celu zoptymalizowania biosyntezy 2,3-butanodiolu przez szczep Bacillus licheniformis NCIMB 8059. Oceniono wpływ stężenia ekstraktu drożdżwego oraz jonów CH3COO", Fe2+i Mn2+ na końcową zawartość 2,3-butanodiolu w płynie pohodowlanym. Doświadczenie optymalizacyjne zaprojektowano w oparciu o plan D-optymalny obejmujący 25 wariantów hodowli. Zaobserwowano istotny (p < 0,05) wpływ stężenia ekstraktu drożdżowego oraz jonów CH3COO" i Mn2+na syntezę diolu. Na podstawie analizy statystycznej uzyskano optymalne wartości analizowanych zmiennych, wynoszące (g-dm3): ekstrakt drożdżowy - 4, CH3COONH4- 4, FeS04-7H20 - 0,1 oraz MnS04-H20 - 0,3, które odpowiadały końcowemu stężeniu 2,3-butanodiolu na poziomie 8,9 g-dm-3.

EN

Response surface method was used in this work in order to optimise the biosynthesis of 2,3-butanediol by strain Bacillus licheniformis NCIMB 8059. The effect of yeast extract and concentration of CH3COO", Fe2+and Mn2+ ions was evaluated on the final level of 2,3-butanediol in fermentation broth. The optimisation experiment was planned according to D-optimal design and consisted of 25 runs. Obtained results showed significant influence (p < 0,05) of the yeast extract, CH3COO" and Mn2+ concentration on the studied process. On the basis of statistic analysis, optimal values of analyzed variable were determined as follows (g-dm3): yeast extract - 4, CH3COONH4 - 4, FeS04-7 HzO - 0,1, MnS04-H20 - 0,3, that corresponded to 8,9 g-dm-3 final 2,3-butanediol concentration.

19

An application of response surface method to design optimization of a model of rail vehicle considering uncertainties

Martowicz A., Kurowski P., Uhl T., Lasko G.

Mechanics and Control

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2011

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Vol. 30, no. 2

85-95

EN

An application of design optimization methodology performed for a multibody model of real-live rail structure stands for the scope of present work. For carried out analyses a model of five-piece tram has been elaborated and then parameterized to allow for an effective and easy change of checked design configuration. There has been assumed the index of travelling comfort as an object of optimization process. Performed analyses have taken into account the uncertainty dealing with the number of passengers on board. The stiffness coefficients of springs of the primary and secondary suspension systems have been chosen as design parameters. Mentioned index has been calculated with virtually measured accelerations in the passengers area for assumed velocity of a run. For modeled rail there has been introduced roughness defined to represent real geometric imperfections. Response surface modeling based on polynomial regression has been applied as a surrogate for the full model to speed up the dynamic analyses. The work has used genetic algorithms for the optimization. Improved values of studied index confirm better comfort of traveling.

PL

Artykuł przedstawia wyniki optymalizacji przeprowadzonej dla modelu pięcioczłonowego tramwaju opracowanego z zastosowaniem metody układów wieloczłonowych. Jako cel zadania optymalizacji przyjęto poprawę komfortu podróżowania ocenianego współczynnikiem sformułowanym zgodnie z wytycznymi normy UIC 513. Zbudowany model tramwaju po sparametryzowaniu pozwolił na ocenę własności dynamicznych dla wybranych konfiguracji projektowych, a w szczególności zbadanie wpływu zmian parametrów charakteryzujących układ zawieszenia, przy uwzględnieniu niepewności związanych z masą pasażerów, na zmienność przyspieszeń drgań w przestrzeni pasażerskiej. W modelu uwzględniono nierówności torów reprezentujące rzeczywistą zmienność ich geometrii zgodnie z normą ORE B176 RP1. W celu przyspieszenia obliczeń zastosowano metodę powierzchni odpowiedzi z wielomianową aproksymacją współczynnika komfortu. W optymalizacji zastosowano algorytmy genetyczne. Dla znalezionych wartości parametrów projektowych charakteryzujących układ zawieszenia uzyskano poprawę sformułowanego współczynnika.

20

Multibody approach in suspension system optimization

Korta J., Martowicz A., Gallina A., Uhl T.

Computer Assisted Mechanics and Engineering Sciences

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2011

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Vol. 18, no. 1-2

23-37

EN

In this paper an approach of optimization of suspension system parameters is described. Taking into consideration the sti?ness and damping coe?cients of springs and shock absorbers of a heavy road transportvehicle semitrailer, process of adjusting those values has been undertaken by means of the response surface methodology and a desirability function application, supported by the sensitivity computations. Twodifferent methods of constructing metamodels: Kriging and polynomial regression have been tested andcompared with a set of results obtained from the numerical multibody dynamic analysis. The objectiveof the undertaken efforts was to minimize the loads in the crucial points of the structure, identi?ed as the high-risk failure areas. A number of simulations have been carried out under the set of di?erent load cases, specially established to represent a wide range of operating conditions possible to be met during the vehicle life cycle.