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1

An overview of groundwater resources evolution in North Africa: sustainability assessment of the CI aquifer under natural and anthropogenic constraints

Besser Houda, Dhaouadi Laifa

Meteorology Hydrology and Water Management. Research and Operational Applications

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2022

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Vol. 10, Iss. 1

73--94

EN

Given the complex links to the major economic activities and climate variability, water is becoming the most fiercely contested resource, challenging human survival and food security especially in arid hot dry regions, such as in the Middle East and North Africa areas (MENA). In the Kebili and Tozeur regions in southern Tunisia, groundwater resources undergo abusive exploitation mostly for agricultural activities. The lack of efficient management and adequate conservation strategies to ensure sustainable exploitation has resulted in gradual irreversible ecological and geological effects. Thus, this review paper provides a useful background synthesis for the critical assessment of the recursive dynamic substantial increase in freshwater in these regions, using a general equilibrium model of hydrodynamic and chemical changes of aquifers based on several water scarcity indices and economic-ecological factors. The collected data highlight the good correlation between the reviewed studies and the observed and (or) measured disturbance of the natural functioning of the deep confined aquifers, manifested by the gradual severity of the resulted environmental issues, the permanent irreversible depression of the water table, aquifer decompression, land subsidence in the Douz area, and contamination by petroleum flows, with 4 g/L of asphalt and 12 to 90 µg/L of cadmium in northern Kebili. Based on the assembled evidence, water scarcity has heavily influenced the equilibrium of these resources, and the adopted conservation plans have been insufficient to ensure economic incentives for environmental natural resources conservation (the annual average loss of fertile land is 1.25 ha). A detailed equilibrium analysis, relying on evaluating the water productivity-water exploitation ratio, is undoubtedly necessary for improving the integration among different decision makers. Moreover, a re-examination of the resulting impacts of the previously implemented strategies for reliable database development is the key to the successful handling of this transitory fragile situation.

2

Sustainable development of Antarctic krill environmental resources based on system dynamics

Li Lingzhi, Lu Ping, Chi Hai, Huang Hongliang, Cai Youqiong

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

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2021

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Vol. 28, nr 4

471--485

EN

Antarctic krill mainly inhabit the Antarctic Ocean, not far from Antarctica, especially the Weddell Sea, where krill is dense. Marine fisheries have reached new levels, but the topic of sustainable use of marine fishery resources is far from reaching the required levels. In order to study the sustainable development of the Antarctic krill environment, this paper studies the living environment and applicability of Antarctic krill based on system dynamics, and provides some references for the sustainable development of marine resources. Mentioned the use of case analysis method, literature analysis method and other methods to collect data, build a Model, and read and analyse a large number of related literatures through the literature survey method. The experimental results proved that the salinity has a significant effect on the survival rate of Antarctic krill (p < 0.05). When the salinity is 34, the molting frequency reaches its maximum value, which is 70 %. It is concluded that the ability of Antarctic krill to adapt to gradual changes in salinity is stronger than that of sudden changes in salinity, and the suitable salinity for survival is 30-42. With 34 as the basic salinity, when the salinity rises within a certain range, the molting rate of krill will increase, and as the salinity decreases, the molting rate will gradually decrease. This shows that improving the environmental resources of Antarctic krill is an effective method for improving salinity.

3

Wpływ ochrony cienkich pokładów węgla kamiennego na gospodarkę zasobami

Borówka B.

Bezpieczeństwo Pracy i Ochrona Środowiska w Górnictwie

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2016

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nr 3

18--25

PL

W artykule scharakteryzowano uwarunkowania formalnoprawne w zakresie ochrony zasobów węgla kamiennego, w szczególności w cienkich pokładach węgla. Z ich analizy wynika, że przepisy nie określają w sposób jednoznaczny zakresu ochrony zasobów, co może budzić wątpliwości i prowadzić do różnych, czasem skrajnych ich interpretacji. Dla zilustrowania tego zagadnienia przeprowadzono studium hipotetycznego przypadku, z którego wynika, że traktowanie ochrony zasobów w sposób nadrzędny, może prowadzić do sytuacji, w której konieczność ochrony cienkiego pokładu bilansowego bez znaczenia przemysłowego mogłaby uniemożliwić eksploatację zasobów w pokładach atrakcyjnych gospodarczo.

EN

The article presents the characteristics of formal and legal requirements concerning protection of hard coal resources, in particular of thin coal seams. The analysis indicates that the legislation does not specify clearly the rules of the protection of the resources and derogations from the protection, which may give rise to uncertainties at documenting the deposits in different stages. From the case study performed on that basis it results that considering necessity of protection of resources firstly, there may be hypothetical situations where conservation of thin balance seam (without economic significance) may result in the unenforceability of exploitation of the seams economically attractive. The problem and economic effects resulting from it as significant losses of the resources are presented in the paper on the basis of a hypothetical situation that could take place at “Pokój” Coal Mine, if planning of extraction of coal from a part of seam 500 group (at present have already been exploited) was under the relevant legislation currently in force. It was found that as a result of protection of 503 seam (0.6 m in thickness – uneconomic) could result in the unenforceability of mining of a part of seam 504 laid below (filching seam) and 502 seam laid above, whose mining would require earlier decompression through mining 504 seam. Consequently, the option of the mine’s production would be decreased by 6697 thousand tons, shortening the lifetime of the mine. Changes to the legislation shall indicate in clear and unambiguous scope and manner the procedure and methods for protection of the resources and consequences resulting from abandoning such activities. In the cases verified in terms of technical and economical considerations, the regulations shall enable departure from such protection, e.g. reclassification to losses or another category of resources (not subject to protection).

4

Ocena wpływu zabezpieczeń na poziom ochrony zasobów informacyjnych w systemach teleinformatycznych

Jóźwiak I., Szleszyński A.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2012

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z. 61

181--190

PL

W artykule przedstawiono metodę oceny wpływu zabezpieczeń na funkcjonowanie elementów systemu teleinformatycznego. Prezentowane treści zilustrowane zostały dwoma przykładami. Na podstawie przykładów przedstawiono wymagania bezpieczeństwa oraz sposób ich oceny. Istotne jest stwierdzenie, czy wdrożone wymaganie poprawia poziom bezpieczeństwa systemu, czy jest przyczyną nieprawidłowego działania systemu. Porównano aktualny poziom zabezpieczeń obiektu ze stawianymi wymaganiami.

EN

In the paper, a method of evaluation the safeguards influence on operate system’s elements is presented. Content on the basis of two examples of ITC systems is presented. For both of them security requirements and the methods of evaluation are presented. It is important to show if implemented requirement improves a level of object security or if it is a source of disturbance in the system operation. During a process of evaluation, the current state of object’s protection is compared to what is suggested by requirement state of protection.

5

Czy w Polsce jest możliwa racjonalna gospodarka złożami kopalin?

Nieć M.

Górnictwo Odkrywkowe

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2006

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R. 48, nr 3-4

57-62

PL

W 50-letniej historii systematycznego dokumentowania złóż kopalin zbadane zostały i wprowadzone do bilansu zasobów liczne złoża dotychczas niezagospodarowane. Stanowią one rezerwę surowcową. Występują ograniczenia i zagrożenia dla zagospodarowania tych złóż, przez prawa własności nieruchomości gruntowych, planowanie niegórniczego zagospodarowania terenu i nie zawsze uzasadnione wymagania ochrony środowiska. Powodują one, że wykorzystanie potencjalnej bazy zasobowej staje się wątpliwe. Stwarza to zagrożenie dla wykorzystania złóż i dla bezpieczeństwa surowcowego kraju w przyszłości. Ograniczone możliwości pozyskania w przyszłości surowców, zwłaszcza budowlanych może stanowić barierę dla zrównoważonego rozwoju społeczności lokalnych. Aktualne są zatem postulaty ochrony złóż zapewniającej możliwość ich wykorzystania w przyszłości. Rozpoznane i objęte ochroną powinny być też obszary potencjalnego występowania złóż o szczególnej wartości zarówno z punktu widzenia potrzeb ogólnokrajowych jak i lokalnych. Ochrona złóż i zasady jej realizacji powinny znaleźć wyraz albo w prawie geologicznym i górniczym, albo w odrębnej ustawie o ochronie złóż kopalin.

EN

Mineral deposits in Poland are systematically explored and inventoried since more than 50 years. Lot of them remain not mined and consist undeveloped resources. There exist strong restraints for their usage in the future: the ownership law of ground properties, planned not mining land usage of deposit areas, exigencies for protection of environment. The use of explored deposits remains doubtful and the sustainable development of the country and local societies may be limited. There is strong need for protection of undeveloped mineral deposits. He protection rules should be emphasized in the geological and mining law or in the special act on mineral deposits protection.