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A preliminary study of the concentrations and mass size distributions of particulate matter in indoor sports facilities before and during athlete training

Kuskowska Karolina, Rogula-Kozłowska Wioletta, Widziewicz Kamila

Environment Protection Engineering

2019

Vol. 45, nr 3

103--112

The mass size distribution of five fractions of particulate matter inside most popular types of closed sports facilities before and after athlete training were compared. In all the facilities, the concentrations of particles were higher during the training than before it. Their values depended on the type of flooring and cubic capacity of the rooms. Particle mass size distribution importantly affects the particle deposition rate in the respiratory tract. The results of the work indicate the necessity of further investigating the relations between the physical properties of particles and the effects of inhaling them during training in various sports facilities.

Preventive strength training improves working ergonomics during welding

Kruger K., Petermann C., Pilat C., Schubert E., Pons-Kuhnemann J., Mooren F. C.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

2015

Vol. 21, No. 2

150--157

To investigate the effect of a preventive strength training program on cardiovascular, metabolic and muscular strains during welding. Welders are one of the occupation groups which typically have to work in extended forced postures which are known to be an important reason for musculoskeletal disorders. Subjects (exercise group) accomplished a 12-week strength training program, while another group served as controls (control group). Pre and post training examinations included the measurements of the one repetition maximum and an experimental welding test. Local muscle activities were analysed by surface electromyography. Furthermore, heart rate, blood pressure, lactate and rating of perceived exertion were examined. In the exercise group, strength training lead to a significant increase of one repetition maximum in all examined muscles (p<.05). During the experimental welding test muscle activities of trunk and shoulder muscles and arm muscles were significantly reduced in the exercise group after intervention (p<.05). While no changes of neither cardiovascular nor metabolic parameters were found, subjects of the exercise group rated a significantly decreased rate of perceived exertion welding (p<.05). Effects of strength training can be translated in an improved working ergonomics and tolerance against the exposure to high physical demands at work.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of training on a machine with a variable-cam

Urbanik C., Staniszewski M., Mastalerz A., Karczewska M., Lutosławska G., Iwańska D., Madej A., Ostrowska E., Gwarek L., Tkaczyk J.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

2013

Vol. 15, no. 4

93--102

The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of the training of elbow flexors through the use of 2 machines, one of which was equipped with a disc plate of constant radius, the other one with a variable-cam having a radius adjustable to muscle strength. The experiment included 45 men divided into 3 equal groups: training group A (variable-cam), training group B (circle), and control group C. The training lasted for 8 weeks, 3 times a week. In order to control the effects, the values of peak torque and power of the flexor muscles of the elbow were isokinetically measured for the angular velocities of 30°/s and 60°/s. Also taken were anthropometric measurements of the arm and the creatine kinase (CK) activity in the blood plasma. As a result of the training, significant increases of biomechanical values were noted only in group A: power increased over 20%, the peak torque over 14%. After the training, significant increases of arm circumference in the relaxed position were noted in group A (17 mm), as well as in group B (11 mm). Also, some changes in CK activity were observed between Monday and Friday in a training week. On the basis of the experimental measurements, it may be ascertained that training elbow flexor muscles on a machine with a variable-cam is more efficient for increases in strength and power, as well as for some anthropometric parameters, than training on a machine with a disc plate.