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2 Autex Research Journal

2 2004

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Modelling and simulation of the mechanical behaviour of weft-knitted fabrics for technical applications. Part IV: 3D FEA model with a mesh of tetrahedric elements

Araújo M., Fangueiro R., Hong H.

Autex Research Journal

2004

Vol. 4, no. 2

72--80

This paper is in four parts. The first is related to general considerations and experimental analyses, and each of the others is related to different approaches to the theoretical analyses of the mechanical behaviour of weft-knitted fabrics and weft-knitted reinforced composites made of glass fibre. The objective is to find ways of improving the mechanical properties and simulating the mechanical behaviour of knitted fabrics and knitted reinforced composites so that the engineering design of such materials and structures may be improved. In Part IV the technologies for weft-knitted 3D complex shape preform development are surveyed and a third model is presented. This a 3D model based on FEA (finite element analyses). A solid representation of a 2D yarn is built up, and an MES (mechanical event simulation) is applied to obtain a 3D-shaped loop. The final knitted fabric geometry is obtained by interacting this loop with the adjacent loops, according to the dimensional properties of the knitted fabrics and using an MES. Finally, the geometry of the reinforcement inside the composite is built up, and the composite material is divided into small tetrahedric elements to obtain a mesh of finite tetrahedric elements (FEA). The average values of the mechanical properties are obtained with FEA and compared with the experimental ones.

Modelling and simulation of the mechanical behaviour of weft-knitted fabrics for technical applications. Part III: 2D hexagonal FEA model with non-linear truss elements

Araújo M., Fangueiro R., Hong H.

Autex Research Journal

2004

Vol. 4, no. 1

25--32

This paper is in four parts. The first is related to general considerations and experimental analyses, and each of the others is related to different approaches to theoretical analyses of the mechanical behaviour of weft-knitted fabrics and weft-knitted reinforced composites made of glass fibre. The objective is to find ways of improving the mechanical properties and simulating the mechanical behaviour of knitted fabrics and knitted reinforced composites, so that the engineering design of such materials and structures may be improved. In Part III the second model is presented, and this is a 2D model based on FEA (finite element analyses). A plain weft-knitted fabric, based on the simple loop structure, is simplified and represented by a 2D hexagonal structure constructed by non-linear truss elements. The characteristics of the truss elements for FEA simulation are obtained from experimental results through an analytical method when a loop is converted to a FEA model. The elongation deformation is simulated in one, two and multiple directions. The model can also be used to calculate a planar knitted fabric for deformation to fit a 3D spherical mould.