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An efficient self-cleaning Dam-Type Sediment Excluder upstream of the dam reservoir

Pishgar Reza, Keshavarzi Ali Reza, Aslani Kordkandi Abolfazl

Acta Geophysica

2022

Vol. 70, no 5

2389--2401

Sedimentation is almost a serious problem for reservoir dams due to loss of storage, malfunction of bottom intakes, corrosion, and damage to power generators, increased food risk, water quality degradation, and other environmental degradation problems. There are some methods of sediment removal from the reservoir, such as dredging and flushing. The above techniques are not feasible for all reservoirs due to high cost and low efficiency. In this paper, a new sediment extractor referred hereafter as Dam-Type Sediment Excluder (DTSE) is introduced. The self-cleaning DTSE excludes suspended sediment from the river flow upstream of the reservoir and then bypasses the river downstream of the reservoir. The efficiency of the proposed DTSE was examined under different excluding flow rates, opening heights, inlet flow Froude numbers, and sediment concentrations. This research also investigates the influence of suspended- sediment concentration profile on the model efficiency. The results indicate that the efficiency of the DTSE is highly sensitive to the flow velocity and the middle intake location and height. The maximum extracted efficiency of the model was found to be about 40%, while the average optimal efficiency was 26%.

Methods of management of bottom sediments from selected water reservoirs – a literature review

Tomczyk-Wydrych Ilona, Świercz Anna

Geologos

2021

Vol. 27, No. 2

127--134

Sediment accumulation is a process that is typical of all types of water reservoirs. The rate and pattern of such accumulation are related to processes taking place in catchments that produce the sediments and to those within reservoirs that determine the percentage of the inflowing load that is trapped and where it is deposited. To keep reservoirs in working order requires desilting and managing of such bottom sediments once they are removed. The choice of strategy for sediment management depends on chemical and physical properties which result from both natural and anthropogenic processes. To varying degrees, these sediments may be contaminated with chemical compounds, especially trace metals. Therefore, research is needed in order to assess the quality of sediments, which will allow to opt for the proper management strategy. Based on an analysis of the available literature, the possibility of using sediments from reservoirs has been determined, using quality criteria and in accordance with applicable law and regulations.