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Ensuring the reproduction of the material and technical basis of agriculture

Cherevko H.

ECONTECHMOD : An International Quarterly Journal on Economics of Technology and Modelling Processes

2017

Vol. 6, No 3

17--23

In this article the results of the generalization of the essence of the process of reproduction of material and technical base and material and technical resources in agriculture, assessment of their condition and use, studying the level of organization of the system for providing these resources of agricultural producers, and substantiating ways to improve it, are highlighted. In agriculture ensuring of the overall reproduction process depends crucially on ensuring the effective implementation of a qualitative reproduction of its material and technical base. At present, the level of agricultural supply of Ukraine by material and technical resources, their structure and level of efficiency of use and the system of their reproduction leave much to be desired. The main factors of unsatisfactory state of the material and technical base of agriculture and its reproduction in Ukraine are: low investment attractiveness of agricultural enterprises; the absence of a state technical policy and a well-established system of material and technical support in the country; lack of financing of scientific research in the field of production of machinery and equipment and their use in agriculture; low-quality storage of agricultural machinery; lack of training system for working on complex agricultural machinery and its maintenance; difficult financial and economic situation of domestic factories producing agricultural machinery and its low quality. The main directions of solving the problem of expanded reproduction of the material and technical base of agricultural enterprises are the objective regulation of the parity of prices for agricultural and industrial products, the change of depreciation policy in order to increase its importance for accelerating the modernization of technical and technological processes, reforming the domestic agricultural sector of the economy, state assistance development of domestic agricultural machine-building and tractor construction in cooperation with foreign enterprises, creation of a system of repair and maintenance services and the proper infrastructure of the market of agricultural machinery and training system for working with agricultural machinery. A real step in this direction could be the decision to implement budget allocations for the technical reequipment of Ukrainian agricultural producers and the development of infrastructure of the agricultural machinery market at the rate of at least one percent of the amount of the expenditure part of the state budget. It is also worth raising of funds for research in the field of development and improvement of agricultural machinery, equipment and tractors in order to increase their competitiveness.

The influence of xenobiotics and environmental selection upon carcinogenic changes in human male reproductive system

Dróżdż J. M., Kamiński P., Bombolewska K.

Environmental Biotechnology

2012

Vol. 8, No. 2

77--80

This review is a compilation of the recent reports on a role of environmental factors on a cancer development in male reproductive system. We have analyzed studies of environmental pollution and disorders of mechanisms responsible for defense against impact of xenobiotics upon the prostate cancer and testicular cancer occurrence. Moreover, we have focused on the polymorphisms of selected genes, which in excessive exposure to environmental stress factors might exacerbate disorders of an organism defense against impact of xenobiotics. It is well known that environmental factors such as toxic heavy metals pollution, impact of xenobiotics or environmental stress have an influence on the human reproductive system. There were many studies suggesting an association between these factors and the prostate or testicular cancer development, but still there are no unambiguous conclusive results. Studies of specific changes in markers, which occur in response to various environmental stressors are also very interesting. They focus on the influence of chemical elements (Cd, Zn, Ca) destabilization and heavy metals pollution over an organism and the environment. Antioxidant enzymatic mechanisms in conditions of anthropogenic impact and the influence of polymorphisms in genes involved in genetic material damage repair under stress conditions have also been studied. The aim of this review was to combine essential important data suggesting possible role of environmental factors in the initiation and development of carcinogenic processes in male reproductive system based on prostate cancer and testicular cancer cases. On this basis the current needs and research directions could be delineated.