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Long-term variability of runoff from a small agricultural catchment of the North Masovian Lowland

Kolasińska Karolina, Kierasiński Bartosz, Karpińska Katarzyna, Szymczak Tomasz, Banasik Kazimierz

Journal of Water and Land Development

2023

no. 58

212--219

Changes of land use, population and climate cause spatial and temporal changes in renewable water resources. For better understanding of the changes and effective management of water resources, hydrological investigations in river catchments are carried out around the world. A special investigation involves a study of hydrological processes in small site-specific catchments. The aim of the study is to analyse three characteristic river flows of a small lowland river on the basis of field surveys over two multiannual periods and to evaluate the applicability of indirect methods for determining characteristic flows in the catchment. Hydrological studies in the small agricultural catchment of the Mławka River, located in the Mławka Hills mesoregion, a part of the North Mazovian Lowland macro-region, have continued since 1966. The recorded data were used to determine daily flows and selected characteristic flows for multiannual periods of 1966-1990 and 1991-2020. To determine characteristic flows with indirect methods, three regional formulae and isorea methods were used. The study showed a decrease in renewable water resources over the period. In the multiannual periods, the average flow at the gauge station of Mławka River decreased by 15.6%. The outflow coefficient decreased from 0.303 to 0.265. The minimum annual flows also decreased by 29.1% and annual maximum flows showed an average increase by 19.7%. The use of indirect methods to determine the mean flow yielded results that converged with those from the second multiannual period.

The influence of hydro-climatological balances and Nature-based solutions (NBS) in the management of water resources

Gutry-Korycka Małgorzata

Meteorology Hydrology and Water Management. Research and Operational Applications

2020

Vol. 8, Iss. 1

4--27

This article offers a historical review of (cognitive) scientific research that demonstrates the development of key concepts relating to balances in the hydrological and hydro-climatic cycles, thereby supplying a basis for quantitative and qualitative assessment of renewable water resources. The review reveals the direction knowledge took as it developed through successive cognitive and applied stages. The emphases are on how global and regional hydrological conditioning underpin integrated concepts for the management of water resources. The primary aim of this article is to describe the main achievements, approaches and scientific initiatives, along with their theoretical underpinnings, in the hope of encouraging application and further appreciation. Attention is thus paid to milestones along the road to global development, as manifested in the (at times abruptly changing) effort to better assess and understand the use of water resources in various economic, social and ecological activities. The aim is first and foremost to encourage the achievement of sustainable development as humankind’s main hope for the future. A further focus is on initiatives, scientific issues, and concepts that have been espoused by international organisations and illustrate the increasingly essential harmonious use of water resources at local, regional, continental, and planetary scales. Relevant global conferences have demonstrated wide readiness to adopt declarations, or to issue appeals and resolutions, in support of fuller assessment of renewable water resources. Examples of excessive use have been identified, and efforts have been made to counteract both floods and deficits, and hence avoid crises. These deliberations have also stimulated long-term forecasting, for periods up to 2030 or even 2050. Also stressed here are the challenges, inspirations, and achievements of pure and applied science when it comes assessing the risk that the Earth’s potential to supply water resources will be exceeded. The suitability of current assessments of water resources is evaluated, and reference made to ecologicallyintegrated answers such as Nature-based solutions (NBS), as backed by the UN and UNESCO (2018) in combination with principles set out in the EU’s Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC).