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Changes in the Natural Surroundings are a Determinant of the Implementation of the Environmental Management System

Olkiewicz Marcin

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

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2023

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Tom 25

357--366

EN

The economic, technical, technological, social and economic development of the world, carried out at an increasingly faster pace, aims to increase the quality and standards of life. Attempting to meet market stakeholders' changing expectations and requirements significantly affects the overexploitation of natural resources and the degradation of the natural environment, often leading to irreversible consequences. The publication aims to analyse selected changes in the natural surroundings that influence the implementation decisions of the environmental management system. Research conducted over the last 10 years shows that the pro-environmental activities undertaken bring results not only in the number of management systems implemented but also in the number of ecological farms created, reduction of air pollution and reduction in the extraction of natural resources (coal).

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Surowce odpadowe jako odnawialne źródło zasobów – potencjał odpadów

Siemiątkowski G., Nolepa A., Kiprian K.

Prace Instytutu Ceramiki i Materiałów Budowlanych

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2016

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R. 9, nr 26

128--140

PL

W artykule podkreślono potrzebę odstąpienia od korzystania jedynie z zasobów naturalnych na rzecz zastąpienia ich przez surowce wtórne pozyskane z odpadów. Wskazano możliwość poddania recyklingowi do 80% odpadów, co dowodzi, że mogą się one stać istotnym źródłem zasobów zwracanych w postaci surowców. W dalszej części artykułu przedstawiono potencjał odpadów w Polsce. Szczegółowej charakterystyce ilościowej poddano odpady z budowy, remontów i demontażu obiektów budowlanych oraz z infrastruktury drogowej. Wskazano prawnie dopuszczone w Polsce możliwości wykorzystania tych odpadów oraz przedstawiono najnowsze możliwości ich zagospodarowania.

EN

In this paper outlines the need to withdraw from the use of natural resources in favor to replace them with raw materials obtained from waste. It has been shown a possibility of recycling up to 80% of waste, which proves that wastes can become an important source of resources that can be returned as raw materials. The potential of waste materials in Poland has been shown in the following part of the article. Detailed quantitative characteristics of wastes from construction, renovation and demolition of buildings and road infrastructure has been given. Legal ways of reuse of waste in Poland and also latest ways of waste management has been discussed.

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Evaluation of geothermal potential of Mataruška Banja Spa (central Serbia) thermal mineral water

Cirica N., Milicevic K.

Geology, Geophysics and Environment

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2016

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Vol. 42, no. 1

65--66

EN

Mataruška Banja Spa is located in central Serbia, around 180 km south of Belgrade on the northern slopes of the mountain massif Stolovi. The spa is characterized by moderate continental climate with an average annual rainfall of 740.3 mm and a mean annual temperature of 11.5°C and the low impact of the wind. Soon after the natural discovery of the existence of hot mineral water in Mataruška Banja Spa, after the floods of the Ibar River in the spring of 1897, the water began to be used for treatment. Although its use as a heat source is also possible, this has not yet been achieved. Yield of over 30 l/s and temperature of 25–52°C from the existing wells are the most important facts when adopting positive assessment of the importance and cost-effectiveness of the application of this completely ecological and renewable resource. In the exploration area, there are 4 exploratory-abstraction wells, 2 dug wells and 3 probes, of which only MB-2/81, is functioning with water temperature of 48°C. Despite the fact that the existence of these hot and healing water has been known for more than 120 years, the utilization for energy purposes has not yet been realized. Thermo mineral water of Mataruška Banja Spa has the highest content of sulphur hydrogen in Serbia – from 21 mg/L to 23 mg/L (Krunic 2012). From the aspect of hydrogeological characteristics, fissure aquifers within serpentinite and hydrothermally altered serpentinite are dominant, where thermo mineral water are accumulated. The circulation of thermo mineral waters is controlled by terrain tectonics, and specifically the existence of faults within the serpentinite and hydrothermally altered serpentinite. For the determination of the temperature in the geothermal reservoir, the calculation according to the formula for chemical geothermometers based on the content of individual components of the chemical composition of hydrogeothermal fluids has been used. Chemical equilibrium between rock minerals and their solution in water is most reliable method of determining the temperature in the reservoir. For temperature determination are attained silica (Fournier 1977) and Na/K ratio (Fournier 1979) geothermometers and analysis of chemical composition of thermo mineral water. According to Cirica (2015) an average temperature value in reservoir is about 150°C. Assumptions and estimates made in earlier studies (Milivojević 1990; Milenić 2008) confirm the results obtained by calculations. Insufficient knowledge of the reservoir is an important reason for interest in research of this reservoir. The assessment of the total geothermal energy has been performed on the basis of the available data on the yield of wells and water temperature from these facilities which is approximately 4283 kW (th). One of the uses of thermo mineral water is for balneological purpose. Therefore, the existing capacity of hydrothermal system will certainly be able to satisfy the upcoming needs of future generations. The aim of the research is to determine feasible options and actual available amount of energy from the existing wells, which is supported by the use of geothermometers regarding content of SiO 2 and Na and K to define the maximum reservoir temperature. Accessibility geothermal energy in this area could bring many benefits, which would reduce the pressure on the use of fossil fuels and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

4

Anaerobic moving bed biofilm fermenter for biogas production

Szentgyörgyi E., Nemestóthy N., Bélafi-Bakó K.

Environment Protection Engineering

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2010

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Vol. 36, nr 4

117-125

EN

On of the most promising technologies in the disposal of agro-industrial organic wastes is biodegradation under anaerobic circumstances. The major, profitable product of anaerobic degradation is biogas, from the environmental aspect a renewable resource. To enhance biogas production and produce a methane-rich final product an integrated anaerobic membrane bioreactor filled with moving biofilm carriers was designed. In this study, the intensification of anaerobic fermenter was investigated by using polyvinyl-alcohol (PVA) gel beads as biofilm carriers. The solid retention time can be increased by attaching microorganisms to PVA-gel beads and as a result the efficiency of biogas production can be improved. Two laboratory-scale anaerobic fermenters were run in parallel, one with biofilm carriers and one without. The results showed that, compared to the control system, in the carrier-filled fermenter the efficiency of biogas production was enhanced by 28% as a result of the biofilm formation on the surface of the carriers. In addition, the COD concentration of the effluent was decreased by 80-88%, 10% more than in the control reactor.

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Efficient energy production in modern biogas plants as an effective means of limiting CH4 and CO2 emissions

Kujawski O.

Environment Protection Engineering

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2009

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Vol. 35, nr 3

27-39

EN

CH4 and CO2 are dangerous pollutants, mainly responsible for greenhouse effect. Energy production in the biogas plants can significantly reduce emissions of these gases into the atmosphere. This is possible because such plants use input renewable resources, whose lifecycle is almost CO2neutral, and organic wastes, if not properly treated, can produce CH4 emissions. This paper presents some examples of efficient energy production in the modern full-scale biogas plants, using innovative process engineering and instrumentation, control and automation techniques.

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Carbon dioxide emission from fossil fuels; Major component of greenhouse gases

Marzec A.

Polish Journal of Applied Chemistry

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2002

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Vol. 46, nr 3-4

143-149

EN

Forecasts by 2020, referring to the worldwide energy production, fossil fuel utilization, carbon dioxide emission and averaged global temperature increase are reviewed. By 2020 the CO2 emission from fossil fuels will show 70 % increase compared with the 1990 emission; and 90-fold increase compared with the preindustrial emission. The dioxide is currently responsible for 60 % of greenhouse (GH) effect. The percentage would definitely be higher on future increase of anthropogenic CO2 emission. Even if CO2 and other GH gases are not exclusively responsible for the already stated climate warming, they significantly contribute to it. Pathways aimed at preventing further warming by suppressing CO2 emission are described. They include separation of CO2 from energy producing systems and its sequestration. Underground sequestration seems to be the best option although some barriers resulting from insufficient knowledge still exist. They refer to eventual CO2 seepage from geological deposits, which would be hard to be monitored and hold back. Ocean sequestration has to be questionable as long as its impact on sea biota is unknown.