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Removal of Lead From Blister Copper by Melting in the Induction Vacuum Furnace

Smalcerz A., Blacha L.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

2020

Vol. 20, iss. 2

84--88

The usage of the reduced pressure in the processes of smelting and refining of metal alloys allow to remove not only the gases dissolved in the metal bath, but also the impurities having a higher vapour pressure than the matrix metal. Blister copper produced in flash furnace contains many impurities such as lead, bismuth and arsenic. Some of them must be removed from molten metals, because of their deleterious effects on copper electrical properties. When the smelting process is carried out in the induction vacuum furnaces, the above-mentioned phenomenon is being intensified, one or another mixing of bath and increase in the surface area of mass exchange (liquid metal surface). The latter results from the formation of a meniscus being an effect of the electromagnetic field influence on the liquid metal. In the work, the results of refining blister copper in terms of removing lead from it, are presented. The experiments were carried out in the induction crucible vacuum furnace at temperatures of 1473 and 1523 K, and operating pressures in a range of 8 - 533 Pa.

Zastosowanie chitozanu i jego modyfikacji do usuwania ołowiu i kadmu z roztworów wodnych

Barbusiński K., Salwiczek S., Kozik V.

Przemysł Chemiczny

2015

T. 94, nr 12

2304-2307

Przedstawiono wyniki badań nad usuwaniem ołowiu i kadmu z roztworów wodnych w procesie sorpcji statycznej. Jako sorbenty stosowano chitozan i jego modyfikacje: hydrożelowe kulki chitozanowe oraz ich sieciowane i kondycjonowane formy. Do sieciowania kulek stosowano epichlorohydrynę oraz aldehyd glutarowy, a do kondycjonowania kulek chitozanowych używano wodorosiarczanu sodu. Modyfikacje chitozanu zwiększały pojemność sorpcyjną sorbentu jedynie w przypadku sorpcji kadmu. Najlepsze wyniki uzyskiwano dla sorpcji w środowisku reakcji o pH 6,0 dla Pb i pH 7,0 dla Cd.

Chitosan powder and beads (unmodified, cross-linked with glutaraldehyde or epichlorohydrin optionally conditioned with NaHSO4) were used for adsorption of Pb and Cd. The highest Pb and Cd adsorption capacities (39.24 and 27.56 mg/g, resp.) were achieved at concn. of the adsorbent 0.2 g/L and 5.0 g/L resp., adsorption time 24 h, the initial Pb and Cd concs. 33.97 and 17.00 mg/L, resp., when chitosan powder was used as an adsorbent for the removal of Pb and unmodified chitosan beads for removal of Cd at pH 6.0 and 7.0, resp. The adsorption of Pb and Cd was described by Langmuir isotherms.