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Certification of Unmanned Aircraft (UA)

Pettke G., Kozyro W., Gałka P., Trzeciak G., Wołejsza P.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2021

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Vol. 15 No. 1

143--155

EN

PRS (Polish Register of Shipping) is an expert institution acting on the international market, that - by conducting business for the benefit of the community - through the formulation of the requirements, survey and issue of the appropriate documents, assists State Administrations, Underwriters and customers in ensuring the safety of people, floating objects, land undertakings, carried cargo and the natural environment. PRS is a body accredited for certification of management systems, as well as a notified body in the European Commission for conducting product conformity assessment procedures with EU directives and regulations, and certify of personnel and processes. Subject and scope of the Publication The Publication defines requirements and procedures of conformity assessment process of Unmanned Aircraft (UA) and the technical possibilities of their use in the maritime economy segment. Purpose of the publication: Defining technical and formal requirements for design, construction and operation of the Unmanned Aircraft (UA), Determining the scope and methodology of conformity assessment process of Unmanned Aircraft (UA), Determining the technical possibilities of using Unmanned Aircraft (UA) in the maritime economy segment. The publication includes the following issues: basic principles and design requirements as well as technical regulations that ensure the design of the Unmanned Aircraft (UA), as a safe product in operation; the scope and methodology of conformity assessment of Unmanned Aircraft (UA); principles and scope of technical supervision over the Unmanned Aircraft (UA), requirements set by PRS in using Unmanned Aircraft (UA) on sea-going ships. The conclusions of the paper: indication of the way to obtain BSP certification, the basis for launching the procedure for developing the NO defence standard for the certification of ships and naval auxiliary units for cooperation with Unmanned Aircraft (UA).

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The risk of hazards analysis in unmanned aerial vehicle flight

Maciejewska Marta, Kardach Monika, Galant Marta, Fuć Paweł

Journal of KONBiN

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2019

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Vol. 49, iss. 3

351--374

EN

Along with development Commercial Air Transport were observed increase popularity of general aviation, include RPAS (Remotely Piloted Aircraft System). In manned air transport through years created a lot of standards and regulations. For still developing RPAS not created any official rules came from ICAO. This article is a trial to arranged available and commonly using methods risk management hazard to RPAS area. Prepared a list of 72 questions about the hazard sources occurring in the analyzed area. The answers allow to identify 45 sources of hazard. Based on them, 18 hazards were identified. Guided by the ideas and good practices of manned aviation, it is necessary to harmonize legal regulations concerning safety management in unmanned flights.

PL

Wraz z rozwojem lotnictwa komercyjnego, obserwuje się również rosnącą popularność lotnictwa ogólnego, w tym Bezzałogowych Statków Powietrznych (BSP). W załogowym transporcie lotniczym przez lata powstało wiele norm i przepisów prawnych dotyczących zarządzania ryzykiem. Dla wciąż rozwijających się BSP nie stworzono jeszcze, na tym obszarze zarządzania zaawansowanych zasad. Niniejszy artkuł jest, więc próbą adaptacji dostępnych i powszechnie wykorzystywanych metod zarządzania ryzykiem zagrożeń do obszaru BSP.Opracowano listę 72 pytań o występowanie źródeł zagrożeń w badanym obszarze analiz. Odpowiedzi pozwoliły na rozpoznanie 45 źródeł zagrożeń. Na ich podstawie zidentyfikowano 18 zagrożeń. Kierując się ideami i dobrymi praktykami lotnictwa załogowego, należy doprowadzić do ujednolicenia unormowań prawnych dotyczących zarzadzania bezpieczeństwem w lotach bezzałogowych.

3

Risk assessment of remotely piloted aircraft systems

Kardach Monika, Fuć Paweł, Galant Marta, Maciejewska Marta

Journal of KONBiN

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2019

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Vol. 49, iss. 1

95--106

EN

The intensive growth in the popularity of Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS) used for recreational, sporting and other purposes, may lead to an increase in accidents and incidents involving them. Therefore, it is advisable to raise the awareness of all users, related to safety issues, to harmonize standards and procedures applicable at international and national level. The article presents the legal conditions for unmanned operations and the risk assessment methods used in areas of human activity. On this basis, an original method of risk assessment in unmanned systems was proposed. The method can be part of the operating instructions of the RPAS operator. At the end, final conclusions were drawn up.

PL

Intensywny wzrost popularności bezzałogowych statków powietrznych wykorzystywanych zarówno w celach rekreacyjnych, sportowych, jak i innych, może być przyczyną zwiększenia liczby wypadków i incydentów z ich udziałem. Celowe jest więc podnoszenie świadomości użytkowników związanej z zagadnieniami bezpieczeństwa oraz ujednolicanie norm i procedur obowiązujących na poziomie międzynarodowym i krajowym. W artykule przedstawiono uwarunkowania prawne dotyczące operacji bezzałogowych statków powietrznych. Dokonano przeglądu metod oceny ryzyka wykorzystywanych w różnych dziedzinach działalności ludzkiej. Zaproponowano autorską metodę oceny ryzyka zagrożeń w systemach użytkowania bezzałogowych statków powietrznych, która może zostać częścią instrukcji operacyjnej operatora lotniczego. Na zakończenie, podano przykłady postępowania wobec ryzyka i sporządzono wnioski.

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Use of remotely piloted aircraft systems to evaluate the effects of transport collision

Romańska H., Ułanowicz L.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

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2017

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z. 94

199--210

EN

The evaluation of the effects of transport collision often takes the form of ground reconnaissance. Undoubtedly, remotely piloted aircraft systems (RPAS) can support and help the police, firefighters, security agents and paramedics in the event of a transport collision. Although there is a scarce amount of literature concerning the use of RPAS in crisis management, it is important to pay more attention to the benefits of this technology. The article describes the danger of collisions, as well as discusses the possibility of using RPAS, their functionality and potential utility. Sensors installed on RPAS can rapidly identify the place of the accident, the number of casualties, the type of damaged vehicles or the type of contamination.

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Integration and in-field gains selection of flight and navigation controller for remotely piloted aircraft system

Słowik M., Ołdziej D., Gosiewski Z.

Acta Mechanica et Automatica

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2017

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Vol. 11, no. 1

33--37

EN

In the paper the implementation process of commercial flight and navigational controller in own aircraft is shown. The process of autopilot integration were performed for the fixed-wing type of unmanned aerial vehicle designed in high-wing and pull configuration of the drive. The above equipment were integrated and proper software control algorithms were chosen. The correctness of chosen hardware and software solution were verified in ground tests and experimental flights. The PID controllers for longitude and latitude controller channels were selected. The proper deflections of control surfaces and stabilization of roll, pitch and yaw angles were tested. In the next stage operation of telecommunication link and flight stabilization were verified. In the last part of investigations the preliminary control gains and configuration parameters for roll angle control loop were chosen. This enable better behavior of UAV during turns. Also it affected other modes of flight such as loiter (circle around designated point) and auto mode where the plane executed a pre-programmed mission.

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The Efficiency and Effectiveness of Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems Used in Logistics Problems Solving Due to Territorial Infrastructure

Kharchenko V., Paweska M., Bugayko D., Prusov D.

Logistics and Transport

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2014

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Vol. 22, No. 2

13--20

EN

The use of Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems RPAS has been considered for a wide range of tasks performed in global logistics systems and territorial infrastructure. In order to improve the efficiency the advanced methods of using new unmanned vehicles with extensive use of features modular construction and design modifications have been proposed.