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1

Making copies of religious culture relics using reverse engineering

Pieróg Bartosz, Filipowicz Krzysztof, Pajor Mirosław

Mechanik

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2020

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R. 93, nr 4

16--19

EN

Presented is the process of making copies of reliefs that are religious culture relics. Described is making of two replacements of exhibits from West Pomeranian churches. Priceless relics were made available courtesy of the National Museum in Szczecin that poses them in its collection. Sculptures were scanned using a contactless method with an industrial 3D scanner. Obtained data were used to develop technology and make copies using five-axis milling centre to achieve a satisfying reconstruction of details. Copies were made during realisation of a master project on Mechanics and Machines Making studies in Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics department of the West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin. Achieved effects were, on one hand, the copies and on the other hand, the enrichment of the didactic process with practical experience, necessary in technical studies.

PL

Opisano proces kopiowania płaskorzeźb będących zabytkami kultury sakralnej. Omówiono wykonanie dwóch zastępczych eksponatów pochodzących z kościołów z Pomorza Zachodniego. Bezcenne zabytki zostały udostępnione przez Muzeum Narodowe w Szczecinie, w którego zbiorach się znajdują. Rzeźby zeskanowano metodą bezdotykową z użyciem przemysłowego skanera 3D. Na podstawie uzyskanych danych opracowano technikę wykonania kopii na pięcioosiowym centrum frezarskim, które dawało gwarancję satysfakcjonującego odwzorowania szczegółów. Wykonanie kopii było elementem pracy dyplomowej na kierunku Mechanika i Budowa Maszyn na Wydziale Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Mechatroniki Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie. Dzięki temu oprócz wykonania kopii eksponatów osiągnięto efekt w postaci wzbogacenia procesu dydaktycznego o niezbędne w toku studiów technicznych doświadczenia praktyczne.

2

Początki polskiej oprawy wydawniczej : przegląd zabytków

Pokorzyńska E.

Acta Poligraphica

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2015

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Vol. 6

37--50

EN

Publishing bindings were popularized in the last three decades of the nineteenth century, but earlier there were ephemeras like serial covers of calendars, year-books, almanacs, books of poems. Following the example of the French study the Polish publishing bookbindings were fouded, and they were created before 1865. One noticed the activity of two publishers: Bolesław Maurycy Wolff from St. Petersburg and Konstanty Żupański from Poznań, who have carried out several such projects. Decoration technique was limited to gold- or blind stamping plaques with a very precise drawing. Among the decorations, in addition to heraldic motifs, there were symbolic and architectural scenes related to the content of the work.

3

Rozpoznanie historycznych nawarstwień i podziemnej infrastruktury Krakowa, Kazimierza i ich przedmieść

Wardas M., Zaitz E., Pawlikowski M.

Roczniki Geomatyki

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2007

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T. 5, z. 8

235-247

EN

The paper presents a cross-section of archaeological and geochemical issues of underground Cracow, extending the knowledge of the Cracow cultural heritage. The data were acquired, among others, within the framework of the recently completed project: .Research and assessment of the composition of bottom sediments from sewerage systems, as a factor of environmental pollution and functioning of municipal sewerage-system of the Cracow City Agglomeration.. At present, further study within the area of functioning levels is assured by financial recommendation for the project titled: .Identification of historic layers and underground infrastructure of Cracow and Kazimierz Cities and their suburbs. in reference to the renovation of relics of the past, and to the 750 anniversary of Cracow City foundation. Investigations, within the area of Old Town, are mainly conducted during building renovations and modernisation of sewerage-system installations. The identification of historical layers and underground infrastructure is based on historical and archaeological characteristics of sampling area as well as materials, organic and inorganic relics deposited at various archaeological layers, culture objects excavated in the area of Okół settlement, in the Old Town Cracow founded in 1257, and Kazimierz. On specially important sites, respecting the origin of sequential layers, a dozen or so research drillings (of core- and small diameter) are planned, to the maximal depth of 6 m below surface level. Those drillings, together with available expositions and drillings to the Tertiary layers, will enable the elaboration of engineering-geology cross-sections, and consequently, to get characteristics of grounds underlying the area under investigation. The geomorphological and paleogeomorphological analyses of the studied area are based on field observations conducted both on the surface and in the building and archaeological excavations as well as on the studies of drilling and geophysical profiles. This research covers structural and textural investigations of sediments in excavations, absolute age determination of detritus and organic sediments, and palinological study of organic sediments coming from fragments of fill soil/made ground. On the basis of the results, maps, geomorphological profiles and geological cross-sections are to be made. Physical-chemical properties, grain-size and chemical composition of sediments/soils/grounds are determined to evaluate their geochemical changes, speciation of occurring admixtures and contaminants and to analyze organic matter and consequently, to assess their threat to the surface water of Old Town Cracow. The phase and mineral composition analysis of the grounds comprises fragments of construction elements of buildings within underground infrastructure and is conducted with the aim to estimate the extent, intensity and reasons of corrosion and damages of foundations. For the sampling sites and their nearest surrounding, the conditions of functioning of water-sewerage systems will be defined by subordination of a certain locality to appropriate, so called, sewage critical basin,. Additionally, some forecasts of possible flood events concerning cellars or buildings as well as conditions to be fulfilled to prevent or to limit the damages will be presented. The functioning of block sewers in the past will be assessed, with determination of their course, and identification of ground water supply to the sewers and sewerage system elements as well as infiltration of untreated sludge to the ground. Also, evaluation of technical conditions of sewers, and e ground conditions of the sinkbasin of those sewers will be done, taking onto account the adjustment of sewer installation technology to the water-ground conditions occurring in the area of building investments or connected with city renovation. The above mentioned data, supplemented with investigation and evaluation of the leaching process of various constituents from both natural and fill soils/made grounds, will enable the authors to analyze the possibility of ground-water pollution by contaminated anthropogenic layers, and to assess tendency to the further changes of chemical composition of underground-waters within Old Town Cracow. The aggressive character of underground-waters should be treated as a factor effecting damages of building.

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Tropami mostów Ernesta Malinowskiego. Mosty Arequipy - ostatnia kratownica Finka

Stańczyk A.

Drogownictwo

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2005

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nr 5

156-159

PL

Arequipa jest największym miastem Peru położona w dolinie rzeki między wulkanami. Jest tam kilka starych mostów, w tym dwa kamienne, kilka nowych mostów betonowych (niektóre nie dokończone ze względu na trudności z wykupieniem terenu) oraz jeden kolejowy most kratownicowy wzmocniony cięgnami o konstrukcji podobnej do mostów projektowanych przez Ernesta Malinowskiego na kolei transandyjskiej. W muzeum regionalnym można zobaczyć fotografię mostu odtworzonego w pobliżu Cusco na wzór mostów sznurowych budowanych przed wiekami przez Inków.

EN

Arequipa is the biggest city in Peru located in river valley between volcano hills. There are several old bridges, including two stone bridges, several new concrete bridges (some of them are not finished because of problems with land acquisition) and one railway framework bridge reinforced with tendons having structure similar to the structure of bridges designed by Ernest Malinowski on Trans-Ands railway. In regional museum, one may see a photo of the bridge reproduced near Cusco according to rope bridges erected by Inks before centuries.