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Four-parameter electromagnetic method for determining the parameters of brewery effluents

Sebko V. V., Pyrozhenko Ye. V., Zashchepkina N. M., Zdorenko V. G., Markina O. M.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 113, nr 2

49--64

EN

Purpose: of the article is to study a four-parameter electromagnetic method for joint measurements of electrical resistivity k, relative permittivity εr, temperature t and density ρ of samples of acidic, alkaline and average effluents from a microbrewery based on a magnetic flux probe (MFP), which considers the influence of informative parameters of beer effluents on the components of the amplitude and phase signals of a multiparameter device. Design/methodology/approach: The implementation of the four-parameter method is carried out on the basis of the dependences G1 = f (A1) and G2 = f (A2) at two frequencies of the electromagnetic field f0 and f1 for acid, alkaline and average effluent and allows you to jointly determine the four parameters of effluent samples with the same converter in the same control area. The proposed method makes it possible to improve the accuracy of identifying effluent samples since the obtained multiparameter information makes it possible to determine the nature and properties of effluent samples using only one transducer with certain physical characteristics. The research results lead to the expansion of the technical capabilities of electromagnetic measurement methods, as well as to an increase in the metrological characteristics of electromagnetic transducers and an increase in the accuracy of measuring the parameters of effluent samples compared to reference methods and measuring instruments. Thus, the implementation of this approach contributes to the prediction and prevention of the reasons for the deviation of beer effluent samples from the specified indicators of environmental safety. Findings: The universal conversion functions MFP have been established, connecting the amplitude and phase components of the converter signals with the parameters k, εr, t and ρ of acidic, alkaline and average effluents. Based on the universal transformation functions G1 = f (A1) and G2 = f (A2), a four-parameter electromagnetic method for joint measurements of electrical resistivity k, relative permittivity εr, temperature t and density ρ of acidic, alkaline, and average effluents from breweries has been developed. When conducting research at two close frequencies of the electromagnetic field f0 = 20.3 MHz and f1 = 22 MHz, algorithms were obtained for measuring and calculating procedures for determining k, εr, t and ρ for samples of acidic, alkaline and average effluents from the brewing industry. Research limitations/implications: Research perspectives consist in the creation of automated systems for multiparameter measuring control of the physicochemical characteristics of acidic and alkaline effluent from food and processing industries based on the immersed electromagnetic transducer. Based on the data obtained using informative methods to measure the parameters of effluent samples, an integrated method for treating beer effluents of various compositions will be proposed. At the same time, the scheme of the integrated treatment method should include a filter that provides the introduction of a magnetic fluid and a separation device that allows us to remove a fraction, including pollution in itself. Practical implications: Is that the proposed four-parameter electromagnetic method makes it possible to determine to what composition the controlled samples of wastewater should be attributed (acidic or alkaline). It, in turn, makes it possible to choose a rational method for treating beer effluents and to prevent the reasons for the deviation of effluent samples from the environmental safety indicators set by the standards. Originality/value: of the article is the research related to the expansion of the functional and technical capabilities of the electromagnetic two-frequency transducer MFP through the implementation of a four-parameter electromagnetic method of joint measurements of electrical resistivity k, relative permittivity εr, temperature t and density ρ of acidic, alkaline and average effluents from breweries. The universal transformation functions G1 = f (A1) and G2 = f (A2) found in the work at two close magnetic field frequencies, f0 = 20.3 MHz and f1 = 22 MHz, make it possible to control four physicochemical parameters of acidic, alkaline and average wastewater at the same time by the same MFP. An algorithm has been developed for determining the signal components of a two-frequency thermal MFP, the ranges of which correspond to the ranges of changes in electrical resistivity k, relative permittivity εr, temperature t and density ρ of acidic, alkaline, and average brewery effluents. The basic relations that describe the two-frequency four-parameter electromagnetic method of joint measurements of the physicochemical parameters of acidic, alkaline and averaged beer effluents have been obtained.

2

Analyzing the behavior of GPR wave propagation in zinc contaminated soil combining the dielectric properties-experimental study

Liu Zonghui, Li Jiaqi, Liu Yitian, Liu Chenhui, Li Chuanghui, Zhou Dong

Acta Geophysica

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2021

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Vol. 69, no. 2

483--495

EN

There is a very strong link between the behavior of ground penetrating radar (GPR) wave propagation in zinc-contaminated soil and the dielectric properties of soil. This relationship can be of signifcant use in the practices of quick detecting the degree of pollution in zinc-contaminated soil. In this research, measurements were conducted on the zinc-contaminated soil samples with diferent soil index properties (i.e., zinc ion concentration, wet density and moisture content). The radar refection wave data of the common midpoint and common-ofset sounding mode were obtained by using the 600 MHz antenna, and the relative permittivity was measured using the vector network analyzer. The attribute analysis of radar refection wave shows that the wave velocity is afected by wet density and moisture content, but independent of zinc ion concentration. Both the amplitude and the peak frequency decrease with the increase in zinc ion concentration, wet density and moisture content. For the soil dielectric properties, the metal ions can change the conductivity of solution in soil, afecting the imaginary part of relative permittivity, but with little efect on the real part. The positive correlations between the relative permittivity with density and moisture content are caused by the variation of three-phase composition of soil. Besides, the measured soil dielectric properties and the radar refected wave attributes confrm each other, which can well explain the change rules of electromagnetic wave velocity, amplitude and central frequency. The presented results can increase understanding and confdence on GPR for quantitative monitoring and detecting of zinc-contaminated soil.

3

Determination of Moisture Content in Synthetic Moulding Sand on the Grounds of Relative Permittivity Measurement

Nowak D., Gal B., Granat K., Jaworski G., Więcławek R.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2017

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Vol. 62, iss. 4

2189--2192

EN

The presented research was aimed at searching for an exact and effective method of determining moisture content in traditional moulding sands. By measuring resonance frequency and quality factor of a waveguide resonance cavity, relative permittivity was determined for different synthetic moulding sands. Analysis of the presented results confirms a linear relation between relative permittivity values and moisture content values in the selected traditional moulding sands. The obtained linear relationship can be used as a reference characteristic for evaluation of humidity of moulding sand.

4

Determination of the Material Relative Permittivity in the UHF Band by Using T and Modified Ring Resonators

Jankowski-Mihułowicz P., Lichoń W., Pitera G., Węglarski M.

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

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2016

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Vol. 62, No. 2

129--134

EN

The complete methodology of designing T- and modified ring resonators in the UHF band are presented in the paper. On the basis of proposed algorithms, the dedicated software tool has been elaborated in order to determine material parameters of contemporary substrates. The program is implemented in the Mathcad environment and it includes the base of information on known materials used in electronic products. Also, test sample series for selected substrate materials (IS680, FR408, I-SPEED PCB ISOLA and A6-S LTCC FERRO) and operating requencies from 1 GHz to 3 GHz are analyzed in details. The special test stand with a vector network analyzer has been applied in experiments. The obtained data of relative permittivity measurements and model calculations are described, discussed and concluded.

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Influence of frequency variations on the dielectric properties of Sm doped Ba4La9.33Ti18O54 dielectric ceramics at various temperatures

Bindra Narang S., Bahel S.

Materials Science Poland

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2010

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Vol. 28, No. 1

305--312

EN

The dependence of frequency variations on the dielectric properties of Sm substituted barium lanthanum titanate was investigated. Dielectric ceramics based on the Ba4(La1-ySmy)9.33Ti18O54 system, where y = 0.0, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, were synthesized and subsequently characterized for their structural and dielectric properties. The temperature dependences of the relative permittivity and the dielectric losses were measured in the frequency range from 10 kHz to 10 MHz, for temperatures ranging from 25 °C to 150 °C. The measurement system consisted of an impedance analyzer and a temperature chamber. Substituting Sm for La was an effective way to stabilize the variations in relative permittivity, within the temperature range of interest. No dielectric anomaly was observed in this temperature range. The temperature coefficient of the resonant frequency improved from 273.9 ppm/°C at y = 0.0 to 53.8 ppm/°C at y = 0.7. The relative permittivity of 90.33 and a dielectric loss of 0.09 were obtained at 25 °C for y = 0.5 at 10 MHz; the temperature coefficient of the resonant frequency was 106.8 ppm/°C. The materials under investigation have high relative permittivities, remaining constant under temperature variation, which therefore makes them suitable for applications in communication devices.

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Wpływ zawartości wilgoci na charakterystyki zespolonej przenikalności elektrycznej dla wybranych polimerowych materiałów izolacyjnych

Andruszkiewicz P.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2006

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R. 82, nr 3

48-50

PL

Zbadano wpływ wilgoci na zmiany charakterystyk zespolonej przenikalności elektrycznej dla wybranych polimerowych materiałów izolacyjnych. Wyniki pomiarów poddano analizie w celu znalezienia parametrów wykazujących korelacje z zawartością wilgoci w próbce. Stwierdzono że absorpcja wilgoci i jej wpływ na zjawiska relaksacyjne jest większy dla polimerów o budowie polarnej takich jak PCW. Dla polimerów niepolarnych, takich jak PE, oznaczenie zawartości wilgoci na podstawie charakterystyk przenikalności elektrycznej jest niemożliwe ze względu na ich kształt i niewielki zakres zmian.

EN

Influence of moisture on characteristics of complex relative permittivity has been investigated for selected polymeric insulation materials. The results of measurements have been analyzed in order to find indicator of moisture content in the sample. A bigger influence of moisture on dielectric relaxation phenomena for polar polymers like PVC was confirmed. For non-polar materials like PE estimation of moisture content on the basis of characteristics of relative complex permittivity is impossible because of their shape and the little range of changes.