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Rebuilding the Pillars of Sustainable Society Index: a Multivariate Post Hoc I-distance Approach

Savić D., Jeremić V., Petrović N.

Problemy Ekorozwoju

2016

Vol. 11, nr 1

125--134

Sustainable Society Index (SSI) is a composite indicator constructed to measure and describe societal progress along all three dimensions of sustainable development: human, environmental and economic. In this paper, we explore possibilities to evaluate and enhance SSI ranking calculation methodology based on the use of an iterative multivariate post hoc I-distance approach. Based on the assessment on how each indicator contributes to the final position of different countries and identification of the most influential indicators, we examine possibilities of reduction of a number of indicators. The goal is to improve the stability of the ranking results and overall quality of the model, focusing on the analysis of the relative contribution of the indicators in an iterative assessment process. By this, we provide in-depth analysis and more comprehensive understanding of specific factors that determines one country ranking position. Thus proposed approach can support policymakers to identify key indi-cators and focus the priority areas where investment in improvement measures and programs would have the most efficient impact on the overall positioning of the country.

Indeks Zrównoważonego Społeczeństwa (Sustainable Society Index, SSI) jest zagregowanym wskaźnikiem stworzonym w celu pomiaru i opisu postępu społecznego w trzech wymiarach rozwoju zrównoważonego: publicznym, środowiskowym i ekonomicznym. W artykule przeanalizowano możliwości oszacowania i rozszerzenia metodo-logii SSI w oparciu o wielokrotną analizę wielowariantową I-distance. W oparciu o ocenę, jak każdy wskaźnik przyczynia się do ostatecznego wyniku osiąganego przez różne kraje i identyfikację wskaźników o największym znaczeniu, zbadamy możliwość zmniejszenia ilości branych pod uwagę wskaźników. Celem jest poprawa wiary-godności otrzymywanych wyników i ogólnej jakości modelu, z podkreśleniem znaczenia analizy względnych udziałów wskaźników w wielokrotnym procesie oceny. Umożliwi to przeprowadzenie szczegółowych badań i bardziej wszechstronne podejście do poszczególnych czynników które wpływają na miejsce, które dany kraj zajmuje w rankingu. Proponowane narzędzie może pomóc decydentom w zidentyfikowaniu kluczowych wskaźników i wskazać obszary priorytetowe, w ramach których inwestycje i programy modernizacyjne będą miały największy wpływ na pozycjonowanie danego kraju.

Experimental study on mechanical properties of pumpkin tissue

Shirmohammadi M, Yarlagadda P

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

2012

Vol. 54, nr 1

16--24

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to calculate mechanical properties of tough skinned vegetables as a part of Finite Element Modelling (FEM) and simulation of tissue damage during mechanical peeling of tough skinned vegetables. Design/methodology/approach: There are some previous studies on mechanical properties of fruits and vegetables however, behaviour of tissue under different processing operations will be different. In this study indentation test was performed on Peel, Flesh and Unpeeled samples of pumpkin as a tough skinned vegetable. Additionally, the test performed in three different loading rates for peel: 1.25, 10, 20 mm/min and 20 mm/min for flesh and unpeeled samples respectively. The spherical end indenter with 8 mm diameter used for the experimental tests. Samples prepare from defect free and ripped pumpkin purchased from local shops in Brisbane, Australia. Humidity and temperature were 20-55% and 20-250°C respectively. Findings: Consequently, force deformation and stress and strain of samples were calculated and shown in presented figures. Relative contribution (%) of skin to different mechanical properties is computed and compared with data available from literature. According the results, peel samples had the highest value of rupture force (291 N) and as well as highest value of firmness (1411 Nm-1). Research limitations/implications: The proposed study focused on one type of tough skinned vegetables and one variety of pumpkin however, more tests will give better understandings of behaviours of tissue. Additionally, the behaviours of peel, unpeeled and flesh samples in different speed of loading will provide more details of tissue damages during mechanical loading. Originality/value: Mechanical properties of pumpkin tissue calculated using the results of indentation test, specifically the behaviours of peel, flesh and unpeeled samples were explored which is a new approach in Finite Element Modelling (FEM) of food processes.