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Kierunki rekultywacji obszarów zdegradowanych działalnością Krakowskich Zakładów Sodowych „Solvay”

Gliniak M., Sobczyk W.

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

2012

Tom 14

660--672

Recultivation process is a work proceeding to restoration the natural values and utilities of degraded areas by human activity. This article attempts to develop the concept of biological remediation and revitalization lagoons after Krakow Soda Works "Solvay". Base for the concept development of this area are the salinity and pH of the material taken from the outcrops. The article describes the effects of soil salinity and plants stress is putting by the results of field studies and laboratory tests and their interpretation. Indicated model rehabilitation work resulting from soil conditions. Research methodology is a three steps. The first one consisted of field tests: determination of representative seats on the basis of the site and available mapping. Then made four pit soil, sediments representing the unveiling of the tailings. Sampling was made in accordance with the instructions contained in the Polish Norm PN-R-04031. The degree of hardness on the Mobs scale and texture, measured moisture and conductivity profiles of the layers by TDR apparatus, made photographic documentation and mapping. The next step was to study the laboratory, where samples were assayed: pH, conductivity, humidity and density of the soil. The final stage of the work was to develop the results obtained in the MS Excel, SURFER 9.0, MapInfo 9.0 and compare them with previously conducted studies and research carried out in similar areas in the European Union. Based on the results of field studies and laboratory tests were found that all test samples are characterized to medium saline soils, and in five cases have values similar to the highly saline soils. Also, all the samples exceed the toxic effects of salinity on plants up to a 6 mS/cm. These factors make it necessary to perfonn the technical and biological recultivation. Technical land reclamation in the case of the test object will be associated with the remodelling slopes by soil material of varying thickness in order to improve habitat conditions for plants. Rising out of the trees must be cut. Slopes formed after appropriate it is recommended that cover 25-centimeter layer of soil material with an average grain size, while the lagoons of the crown 50-centimeter layer. Thus prepared, the object can be subjected to bio-remediation process. Biological reclamation should be conducted in two ways. Slopes should sow a hydroseeding method as soon as possible to avoid the creation of sodding and erosion processes conical. The following year, after grass raising, shrubby vegetation belt system to reinforce slopes by plant roots.

Rehabilitation of old mines in urban Areas. Methods and experiences

Bergmair M., Scheiber M.

Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi

2008

T. 24, z. 3/1

205-213

During the years 2005-2007 the treatment of a gypsum mine, operated approx. 1845-1901 southwest of Vienna, Austria, was finished successfully. Following geological, hydrogeological and historic investigations, an exploration phase consisting of geophysical survey and a drilling campaign including video logging of each bored hole was executed. Risk assessment of the data collected lead to the conclusion, that grouting the old mine workings would be the only possibility way to reduce the hazard of crown holes on surface. During the treatment approx. 16,000 m3 grout were brought into the old mine workings through over 80 bored holes. The filling results were verified by core drillings and checking the ration between estimated and actual filled mass.

W latach 2005–2007 pomyślnie zakończono zabiegi podjęte wobec kopalni gipsu położonej na południowy zachód od Wiednia, w Austrii, eksploatowanej w latach 1845-1901. Po przeprowadzeniu badań geologicznych, hydrogeologicznych oraz historycznych, rozpoczęto fazę badawczą składającą się z badań geofizycznych oraz serii odwiertów, wraz z rejestracją danych video każdego z wywierconych otworów. Ocena zagrożenia na podstawie zgromadzonych danych doprowadziła do wniosku, że cementowanie wyrobisk starych kopalni jest jedyną metodą na zredukowanie zagrożeń powstawania zapadlisk na powierzchni. Podczas zabiegów, przez ponad 80 wywierconych otworów, do wyrobisk starej kopalni wprowadzono około 16 000 m3 zaczynu cementowego. Wyniki cementowania zostały potwierdzone za pomocą wiercenia rdzeniowego oraz kontroli stosunku szacowanej oraz aktualnie wypełnionej masy.