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EN
During the implementation of investment processes with the use of ready-made prefabricated elements, undesirable situations may occur that cause scratches, excessive deflections or damage. This is due to the fact that defects occur during transport, storage or incorrect loading of the elements. The conducted tests and technical assessments often allow the use of built-in elements, however, under the conditions of the need to make their reinforcements. This may be due to the scale of damage or defects made during molding and, as a consequence, the implementation of prefabricated elements with too low load capacity. Taking action each time should allow for the implementation of reinforcements of the elements, limiting the need to dismantle them, which would result in their irretrievable destruction. The implementation of reinforcements allows to reduce the generation of waste from new elements and allows for the proper management of already produced prefabricated elements. Used elements with reinforcements should be subject to technical inspection in the same periods as other structural elements. Proper implementation of repairs allows for the final effect to be similar to the parameters of elements free of technical defects. Due to the existing problem of damage to new elements of prefabricated channel ceilings, solutions have been developed that can be used to reinforce the elements without the need to dismantle them from the places of installation, while reducing the time spent on the process.
PL
W artykule w sposób ogólny scharakteryzowano trzy przypadki odcinków dróg o nawierzchni dodatkowo wzmocnionej geosyntetykami, a które zostały poddane wpływom nieciągłych deformacji górniczych. Opisane wyniki obserwacji oraz pomiaru ugięć nawierzchni ugięciomierzem FWD pozwoliły na przedstawienie zakresu charakterystycznych uszkodzeń nawierzchni i wstępną odpowiedź na pytanie o ocenę skuteczności geomateracy w obszarze deformacji nieciągłych.
EN
The article characterises three cases of road sections additionally reinforced with geosynthetics, which were subjected to the influence of discontinuous mining deformations. The described results of the observation and measurement of pavement deflection using the FWD defl ectometer have enabled the presentation of the range of characteristic pavement damage and a preliminary answer to the question about the effectiveness assessment of geomaterials in an area of discontinuous deformations.
EN
An Investigation was conducted to produce Aluminium based Functionally graded material (FGM) composites by Friction stir processing (FSP). A reinforcement strategy featuring the use of Alumina and TiC reinforcements was investigated, where holes were drilled in an Aluminium plate, filled with reinforcements and stirred using FSP. A mathematical model was formulated for the positioning of holes in such a manner that the composition of the reinforcements varies from maximum to minimum over a given length. Samples were subjected to various numbers of FSP passes from one to three with a 100% overlap and its influence on particle distribution and homogeneity was studied using Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at cross sections parallel to the tool traverse direction. A progressive gradient in hardness values was observed for the surface composites at all the passes.
EN
The article presents results of an experimental studies on reinforcement of pine beams made from glued laminated timber with subsurface basalt fibers (BFRP). An experimental research program was presented, in which the bending strength of glued laminated timber of middle and lower quality class was increased after using BFRP basalt fabrics. Thanks to the use of BFRP reinforcement, an average load capacity increased by 47% and stiffness by 6% in comparison to non-reinforced elements. Based on the research, it was found that the use of BFRP basalt fabrics is an effective method for strengthening damaged wooden elements. Thus, it is an environmentally friendly method of improving the static work of structural elements by combining wood with other natural materials such as basalt fiber reinforced polymers.
5
Content available remote Zastosowanie techniki georadarowej do ustalenia parametrów belek mostowych
PL
W pracy przedstawiono zastosowanie techniki georadarowej do ustalenia parametrów belek mostowych. Metoda georadarowa wykorzystuje zasadę rozpraszania fal elektromagnetycznych. Przedmiotem tej pracy jest trójprzęsłowy wiadukt drogowy położony nad torami kolejowymi. Dzięki zastosowaniu techniki georadarowej ustalono nieznane parametry geometryczne belek mostowych i zlokalizowano położenie zbrojenia stalowego.
EN
The paper presents the application of the GPR technique for determination of the parameters of bridge beams. The GPR method uses the principle of electromagnetic waves dispersion. The subject of this study is a three spans road viaduct located over the railway line. The main objective of experimental tests was to determine the geometric parameters of bridge beams and establish the localization of steel reinforcements. Conclusions drawn from the conducted tests can be helpful in the measurements using the GPR technique, especially for the reinforced concrete bridges.
6
Content available remote Problemy wzmocnienia stropu nawy zabytkowego kościoła w Sławkowie
PL
W referacie opisano konstrukcję i uszkodzenia drewnianego stropu nawy zabytkowego kościoła w Sławkowie. Na podstawie obliczeniowej analizy wykazano przyczynę utraty stateczności górnych pasów wieszarów stropowych. Ze względu na przestrzenny charakter pracy konstrukcji i przejęcie części obciążeń ze stropu przez wieszary więźby dachowej nie doszło do poważniejszej awarii. Opisano sposób wzmocnienia i zabezpieczenia konstrukcji przez dodatkowe stężenie wieszarów stropowych.
EN
In the paper a structure and damage of the wooden nave ceiling of the historic church in Sławków was described. Computational analysis of the load-bearing capacity of the structure and causes of loss of form stability of upper top flange ceiling trusses were presented. On account of spatial character of the work of the structure and taking over the part of loads from the ceiling by roof trusses it did not lead to the more serious failure. The strengthening method through the additional bracing of roof trusses and preservation the structure was described.
7
Content available remote Problemy napraw drewnianych konstrukcji kościołów
PL
Drewniane kościoły są szczególnie narażone na wystąpienie uszkodzeń związanych ze procesami starzenia i korozją materiału. W pracy opisano problemy z jakimi autorzy spotkali się w kościołach o konstrukcji drewnianej zlokalizowanych na terenie Śląska. Na przykładzie kościołów w Gliwicach, Żernicy, Smolnicy, Katowicach, Sławkowie, Wiśle i Bełku opisano typowe uszkodzenia drewnianych konstrukcji oraz sposoby ich naprawy. Pracę zilustrowano fotografiami z wykonanych napraw.
EN
Wooden churches due to the peculiar structure are exposed to damage associated with the decline of material. In the paper structural problems, with which authors came themselves across at wooden churches located in Silesia were presented. On the example of churches located in Gliwice, Żernica, Smolnica, Katowice, Sławków, Wisła and Bełk typical damages as well as reasons for their occurring and the manner of repair were described. The work was illustrated with photographs from conducted repair work.
8
Content available remote Wpływ ilości dodatków mączki drzewnej na mikrostrukturę recyklatu polietylenu
PL
W niniejszej pracy przeprowadzono badania mikrostruktury recyklatu polietylenu oraz jego różnych kompozycji, z mączką drzewną (od 10 do 30%). Wpływ roli napełniacza w poszczególnych kompozycjach oceniano jakościowo i ilościowo. Mikrostrukturę badanych tworzyw określono na zgładach jak i przełomach próbek.
EN
In the article were carry out investigations of the microstructure on LPDE and its compositions with wood filler (10 30%). The influence of contents of wood filler on the microstructures changes polyethylene and its compositions was examined.
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