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Zrównoważona rehabilitacja przedmieść - powrót do kultury europejskiej

Kosiński W.

Architektura Krajobrazu

2002

nr 1-2

13-21

Outskirts surrounding towns in post-communist East Europe, represent most deteriorated landscape, more destructed then townscape, villages and open landscapes. However transformation in this region since 1989 brings several positive features in space, but unfortunately outskirts and provincial landscapes present not cultural landscape, but chaotic, nomans land without identity. Restoring this areas is exceptionaly difficult, because they are huge and complex. But province is most significant indicator of quality in the country - social, economic and last but not least - aesthetic. So the way from postcommunist East Europe towards free United Europe, goes through this rehabilitation. In our outskirts and province there are several factors - elements of space, which spoil the cultural landscape. This elements need reparation, which opens a great chance - reeuropeisation the East. 1/Housing-communist modelI; blocks, and extensive, chaotic houses, covering areas between towns and villages. 2/ Housing -postcommunist modell; pseudo-American condominiums collective or row houses, intensive, buttotaly cut of from urban or rural structures. 3/ Market buildings; as well pseudo-American modell, located far from urban centres, brutaly dominating landscape, as blocks of flats built in communism. 4/ Market areas, "stock markets" where people sell cars, or green products. This are mainly primitive large squares without landscape values. 5/ Traffic lines, areas and facilities, as motorways check-in centres, airportrs, and harbours. 6/Agriculture areas, mainly turned from natural growing culture, into semi-industrial production using pesticides, concentrated in monotonous green houses, also without landscape values. 7/ Parks and forest areas dominated with meadows, trees and water, as well gardens and cemeteries. Green terrains play double role: at first they serve as ecological sources for nearby towns, eg. circular green belts and diagonal natural corridors offering fresh air and supplay of salubrious waters; secondly they are used for numerous types of health service, recreation, spacy sports, and tourism. Conclusions. 1. Traditional, classical European town means harmonious "Gestalt" of built up area, and clear edge between it and open surrounding. Eventual "fringes" are logical urban or rural settlements with identity and beauty. This model still exists in leading Westeuropean countries. 2. Communism together with false interpretation of Modern Movement occured with blocks of flats surrounding towns, and with uncontrolled dispersion of chaotic family-houses, around towns in open landscape. 3. Postcommunism during first decade of transformation in Easteuropean countries occures in suburbs with pseudo-American concepts oriented for fast money only, not for quality of landscape. 4. The most logical idea for better future of cultural landscapes in suburbs, fringes, outskirts and province is rehabilitation according to evergreen pattern of European town-and-land-scape design. It has double advantage: it will make the landscape more efficient and beautiful, also it will be significant prove that standards in East European countries become closer to these in United Europe.