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1 Cichociński P.

1 2007

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Zastosowanie zaawansowanych reguł topologicznych w procesie budowania baz danych przestrzennych wspomagających wycenę nieruchomości

Cichociński P.

Roczniki Geomatyki

2007

T. 5, z. 3

29-35

An essential attribute of real estates, having influence on their cadastral value, is their location, and thereby the neighbourhood, both of other real estates and other objects. In order to efficiently carry out the valuation,, spatial information on these objects should be collected in an appropriate database. This information could come from GIS databases, encompassing land and buildings cadastre, spatial registration of utility infrastructure, topographical objects with digital terrain model, as well as various environmental elements. It can be assumed that the necessity of integration of these data sets will also appear during the creation of national spatial data infrastructures. This will include both aggregation of neighbouring data sets of the same object types (.horizontal.) and adjustment of the content of different data sets describing the same part of the space (.vertical.). Previous experiences of users working in Poland with different kinds of topographical databases showed, however, the possibility of considerable inconsistencies among them of both geometrical and attribute character , due to different temporal periods and methods of data acquisition, and also due to different data sources. It is likely that the same problem will happen with large scale data. This can be resolved by the use of topology .description of spatial relationships between geographical objects. Originally, this term referred to such simple rules describing the internal correctness of data sets as: .lines shall not intersect and must not overlap., .line shall only touch other lines at endpoints ., .polygons shall not overlap and shall not have gaps., necessary to carry out any spatial analyses. However, in last few years the term of topology was extended and now includes also description of relationships between objects coming from different object classes. The list of available rules was considerably extended. Among other things it now contains the following statements: .boundaries of polygon features in feature class A shall be covered by boundaries of polygon features in feature class B., .objects of feature class A shall be contained within polygons of feature class B., .objects of feature class A shall be covered with objects of feature class B.. The paper presents the use of these topological rules available in advanced GIS software to describe the required mutual spatial relationships between objects coming from different, mentioned above databases and to analyse occurring violations of these rules. Besides methods of detection of these inaccuracies, the methodology of their removal was also proposed, using analytical and data processing GIS tools. The technology called conflation can also be used here. It refers to joining of at least two different data sets to create a new data set. It is necessary to make suitable modifications of objects from both data sets. To carry out this operation on a wider scale it is required to use tools automating this process to the greatest degree possible in order to reduce the participation of the operator to the interventions in few non-typical cases. It is expected that the results of conducted works will be applicable not only to the valuation of real estates, but in every case when the use of many potentially inconsistent sources of geographical data is required