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1

Construction monitoring and analysis of low mountain ridge tunnel

Ouyang Jian, Wang Haijun, Wu Luxiang, Zhang Kexin, Xue Xingwei

Archives of Civil Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 70, nr 1

573--587

EN

In order to obtain the change rule of surrounding rock structure displacement and supporting structure internal force with time during the construction of the low mountain ridge tunnel, this paper relies on the Xishan Tunnel Project as the background. During tunneling, the displacement around the tunnel, the subsidence of the surface, the internal force of the steel arch and the pressure between the two layers of support are monitored dynamically. According to the above monitoring and measurement data, and the monitoring data analysis and nonlinear regression fitting, the predicted trend curve is obtained, the displacement change rules and characteristics of various surrounding rocks of the tunnel are obtained, to ensure the construction safety and stability requirements of supporting structure, and to provide a reasonable opportunity for the construction of secondary lining.

2

Application of regression models on the prediction of corrosion degradation of a crude oil distillation unit

Varbai Balázs, Wéber Richárd, Farkas Balázs, Danyi Péter, Krójer Antal, Locskai Roland, Bohács György, Hős Csaba

Advances in Materials Science

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2024

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Vol. 24, nr 1(79)

72--85

EN

The crude distillation unit is the most critical elements in the refining process. Moreover, most of the equipment in the distillation unit are made of general carbon steels. Data analysis models, machine learning techniques can predict corrosion degradation rates. We used Pearson’s correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression, to predict the impact of process parameters. Altogether, we have analysed 84 channels of technological parameters, and 22 different types of crude oils. Among the corrosion agents, the chloride content strongly affected the weight loss of coupons, where the highest coefficient was 0.68. The most influential parameter is found to be the pH value. Thus, an estimation method of the pH value is set up to predict the corrosion degradation rate. The regression correlation for estimating the pH value is 0.53 if the corrosion agents are not used, which can be improved to 0.76 if the corrosion agents are also used in the regression analysis.

3

Impact of EU allowances cost on the financial results of polish power companies

Jerzemowska Magdalena, Krzywdziński Krzysztof

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

|

2023

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z. 170

179--202

EN

Purpose: The aim of the article is to estimate the impact of the EU Allowances price increase on the financial results and return on investment in the portfolio of shares of four listed power companies, i.e., Enea S.A., Energa S.A., PGE Polska Grupa Energetyczna S.A., and TAURON Polska Energia S.A. Design/methodology/approach: Financial analysis of energy groups. Statistical analysis, a linear regression model with 6 independent variables and the dependent variable, i.e., the return on investment in the portfolio of shares of the analyzed companies. The studies cover the years 2016-2021. Findings: The results of the financial analysis show that the analyzed energy groups did not always could include increased operating costs in the price of energy sold in 2016-2021? The linear regression analysis did not indicate that the decrease in the profitability of investments in the shares of the surveyed companies can be explained by the increase in the prices of EU Allowances. Research limitation/implications: The inability to determine the unequivocal impact of the EU Allowances price increase on the financial results and share prices of the considered companies can be explained by the number of operating segments in the energy groups, the outbreak of the COVID pandemic and negative GDP in 2020, and the "upward rebound" of the economy after the pandemic and high GDP in 2021. Practical implications: The analysis is useful for shareholders of electricity companies and politicians who create regulations concerning the Polish energy policy. The results of the study are useful to all stakeholders of electricity companies. Social influence: The high costs of EU Allowances affect electricity prices for the Polish society and prove very high CO2 emissions when producing electricity in Poland. Originality/value: The conducted financial analysis and regression analysis are one of the first attempts to indicate the impact of the increase in the cost of CO2 emission allowances on the financial results and share prices of Polish energy companies. The article contributes to reducing the research gap existing in Polish literature in this area.

4

Analysis of pedestrian characteristics crossing along roads

Asmael Noor M., Waheed Mohanned Q.

Transport Problems

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2023

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T. 18, z. 4

189--200

EN

Pedestrian crossing represents a substantial problem. In Iraq, there are no spaces marked specifically for pedestrians, which causes many conflicts between vehicles and pedestrians that lead to many accidents. The pedestrian death rate has increased recently due to the deficiency in adequate pedestrian infrastructure. However, to date, limited research has measured pedestrian behavior at crossing intersections in Iraq. There is a need to carry out in-depth studies to analyze crossing behavior to increase traffic efficiency and pedestrian crossing safety. Pedestrian crossing behavior is a serious issue to be addressed to provide adequate pedestrian facilities to enhance the pedestrian traffic environment. Road safety can be improved by locating crossing locations at the right locations and enforcing laws for pedestrian crossing. This study analyzes pedestrian crossing behavior in Baghdad City, Iraq, for four intersections at an unmarked crossing in the Central Business District (CBD) area. All required data were collected by video recording and a field questionnaire. Then, the data were extracted from video recordings and classified according to the selected variables. The period for observing the behavior was during the morning peak hours (November; time: 8:00 to 9:00 a.m.) for three days per week during normal conditions. This study examines pedestrian characteristics, vehicle/pedestrian flow characteristics, and traffic environment. Crossing patterns were followed for different gender and age groups. The finding reveals that the mean pedestrian speed is 1.33 m/sec. Also, males have a higher speed than females. The influences of age, gender, group size, and road width significantly affected pedestrian speed. The pedestrian speed decreased as pedestrian age increased. Gender and group size had significant effects on distinct crossing speeds. In addition, there is a weak significant correlation between pedestrian speed and selected variables. The study recommended specific marked places where a pedestrian must be located, and according to the pedestrian speed estimated in this study, a signal control for a pedestrian is recommended to be set up beside the street to organize the crossing with appropriate time for crossing safely.

5

Managerial perspective on ESG and financial performance of car manufacturers

Tancke Leon Martin, Užík Martin, Block Sebastian, Glova Jozef, Boha Hithim

Polish Journal of Management Studies

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2023

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Vol. 28. No. 1

330--343

EN

This study aims to analyse the relationship between world-largest car manufacturers' environmental, social and governance (ESG) disclosures and their financial and market-based performance. For this purpose, the models of choice were panel data considering ten years. A set of independent control variables and ESG score or subsets of the ESG score were investigated against the dependent measures of a firm’s financial (ROA) and market-based (Tobin’s Q) performance. The paper's novelty is the industry-specific perspective and results that are scarce and indicate a mixed influence of the ESG subsets. The results obtained by regression analysis underline a non-significant positive relationship between ESG and ROA, meaning ESG activities are valued less than expected. Interestingly, the market's valuation, which Tobin's Q should capture, has presented some significant influence. That implies that investors value ESG performance in the long term, which is particularly relevant information for decision-makers in the automotive industry.

PL

Niniejsze badanie ma na celu analizę związku między ujawnianymi przez największych światowych producentów samochodów informacjami dotyczącymi środowiska, społeczeństwa i ładu korporacyjnego (ESG) a ich wynikami finansowymi i rynkowymi. W tym celu wybrano modele danych panelowych obejmujące dziesięć lat. Zestaw zmiennych kontrolnych niezależnych i wynik ESG lub podzbiory wyniku ESG zostały zbadane pod kątem zależnych miar wyników finansowych (ROA) i rynkowych (Q Tobina) firmy. Nowością w artykule jest perspektywa branżowa i wyniki, które są rzadkie i wskazują na mieszany wpływ podzbiorów ESG. Wyniki uzyskane za pomocą analizy regresji podkreślają nieistotny dodatni związek między ESG a ROA, co oznacza, że działania ESG są wyceniane niżej niż oczekiwano. Co ciekawe, wycena rynkowa, którą powinno odzwierciedlać Q Tobina, wykazała pewien znaczący wpływ. Oznacza to, że inwestorzy cenią wyniki ESG w perspektywie długoterminowej, co jest szczególnie istotną informacją dla decydentów w branży motoryzacyjnej.

6

The correlation of water quality parameters over wireless sensors generated dataset in the Sitnica River in Kosovo

Ahmedi Figene, Makolli Shkumbin

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2023

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no. 59

8--12

EN

In this paper, the regression analysis technique is applied to a large water quality dataset for the Sitnica River in Kosovo. It has been done to assess the correlation between water quality parameters. The data are generated by a wireless sensors network deployed in Sitnica. A regression analysis is applied to four water quality parameters: temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, and electrical conductivity. The correlation between each pair of parameters has been assessed by using the WEKA software package, which is a popular time-saving tool for data analysis in distinct domains. The data are pre-processed to exclude out-of-range values and then the assessment of correlation for the pairs of parameters is applied. In comparison to other pairs of water quality parameters, the results show that dissolved oxygen and electrical conductivity correlate particularly closely with temperature. Regression equations of these two pairs of parameters may provide inferred information on dissolved oxygen and electrical conductivity about the Sitnica River. Such information may otherwise not be available to resource managers in Kosovo. Moreover, due to its easy to use and availability as an open-source software, WEKA may aid decision-makers on the management providing almost real-time information about surface water quality within the basin. This can be particularly useful especially in the case of continuous observation of water quality and a huge dataset gathered by using wireless sensors.

7

Mapping of Cornfield Soil Salinity in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions

Smanov Zhassulan Maratuly, Laiskhanov Shakhislam Uzakbaevich, Poshanov Maksat Nurbaiuly, Abikbayev Yerzhan Rakhimkeldievich, Duisekov Saken Nurzhanuly, Tulegenov Yerdaulet Askarbekovich

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 1

146--158

EN

Soil salinization and their annual increase in volume is not only one of the main problems of arid and subarid regions, but it is becoming global. Studying the problem of salinization and its spatial distribution using operational remote sensing methods is very important for Kazakhstan, where almost half of the agricultural land is exposed to salinization, but it is at the initial stage of development in the use of space technologies of research. The main goal of this study is to conduct a field study of soil salinity in corn fields, one of the most common crops in the arid region of the country, located in the Shaulder irrigated massif, using space-based methods, and to create algorithms for compiling a salinity map based on remote sensing data. For this purpose, firstly, using Sentinel-2 images, the method of separating corn from other dominant crops in the region by creating NDVI dynamics covering all phases of growth of agricultural crops was shown. Then, a regression analysis was performed on soil and vegetation indices calculated using satellite images and data on soil salinity obtained through field studies. As a result of the analysis, the main predictor of deciphering salinized soils was determined. By dividing the predictive image into quartiles, contours of salinized soils were determined and a soil salinity map was created. With the help of the soil salinity map, it was found that, non-saline soils – 2912.2 ha; slightly saline soils – 3288.4 ha, moderately saline soils – 2615.2 ha, and strongly saline soils – 1284.3 ha in the study area.

8

Monitoring of engine oil degradation and possiblities of life predictions in combustion engine

Lukášik Pavol

Diagnostyka

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2023

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Vol. 24, No. 3

art. no. 2023306

EN

The article entitled Monitoring of engine oil degradation and possibilities of life prediction in combustion engine deals with chronological monitoring of engine oil on the monitored object - a passenger car with a petrol engine. The research concerns the basic physico-chemical parameters of motor oil, where it discusses the operational factors that contribute to its degradation. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with the analysis of the current state of the problem in the chemical composition of engine oils, analysis of the current state of contact indicators of oil quality in lubrication systems of internal combustion engines and analysis of contactless systems "live" evaluating engine oil quality during vehicle operation. The research part of the work includes the collection of operational data, laboratory analysis of oil samples and statistical processing of the results of tribodiagnostic monitoring. This article discusses the 1st phase of extensive long-term research in the field of tribology and operation of the Mitsubishi Lancer 1.5 Inform motor vehicle.

9

Koszty naprawy awarii przewodów wodociągowych

Studziński Andrzej

Materiały Budowlane

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2022

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nr 11

162--164

PL

W artykule przedstawiono analizę kosztów naprawy przewodów wodociągowych, której podstawą są dane eksploatacyjne. W analizie uwzględniono koszty bezpośrednie, na które składają się koszty materiałów, sprzętu oraz robocizny. Wykorzystano wieloetapową analizę regresji, rozpatrywano zależność kosztów usuwania awarii od średnicy przewodu, jego rodzaju, materiału oraz czasu trwania naprawy. Badania nie wykazały zależności kosztów od materiału przewodu i jego rodzaju na przyjętym poziomie istotności 0,05.

EN

The paper presents an analysis of the costs of repairing water pipes, which is based on operational data. The analysis took into account direct costs, which include the cost of materials, equipment and labor. A multi-stage regression analysis was used, the dependence of failure removal costs on: the diameter of the pipeline, its type, material and the duration of the repair was considered. The research did not show any dependence of costs on the pipe material and its type at the statistical significance 0.05.

10

Optimization of characteristic diagram based thermal error compensation via load case dependent model updates

Naumann Christian, Glänzel Janine, Dix Martin, Ihlenfeldt Steffen, Klimant Philipp

Journal of Machine Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 22, No. 2

43--56

EN

The compensation of thermal errors in machine tools is one of the major challenges in ensuring positioning accuracy during cutting operations. There are numerous methods for both the model-based estimation of the thermal tool center point (TCP) deflection and for controlling the thermal or thermo-elastic behavior of the machine tool. One branch of thermal error estimation uses regression models to map temperature sensors directly onto the TCP-displacement. This can, e.g., be accomplished using linear models, artificial neural networks or characteristic diagrams. One of the main limitations of these models is the poor extrapolation behavior with regard to untrained load cases. This paper presents a new method for updating characteristic diagram based compensation models by combining existing models with new measurements. This allows the optimization of the compensation for serial production load cases without the effort of computing a new model. The new method was validated on a 5-axis machining center.

11

Geospatial Assessment of Regression Analysis Between the Hydrocarbon Content in Surface Waters and Snow Cover on the Example of the Territories of the Far North of Russia

Martynova Natalia, Budarova Valentina, Kravchenko Victoria

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

|

Vol. 23, nr 3

74--83

EN

The article presents the generalized results obtained from the analysis of oil pollution of surface waters in the fields of the Far North. The research considered the administrative territorial division of the Russian Federation, the territory of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug – Yugra (KhMAO). The results of the study performed on the basis of field data on sampling for the year were presented. The influence of the hydrocarbon content in surface waters and snow cover was assessed. The aim of the work was to consider the snow cover as a natural source of pollutants, affecting the accumulation in surface waters and snow cover. The results obtained can be used for subsequent observations of snow cover and surface waters. The data obtained can serve as a basis for planning further research and developing the solutions for environmental protection in the Far North. The analysis of the dependencies between the indicators of hydrocarbon pollution in surface waters and snow cover was carried out using the methods of correlation and parametric multivariate regression analysis. The methods of geoinformation analysis and GIS technologies were also used in the work. It was revealed that the problem of the state of snow cover and its role as an indicator of atmospheric and soil pollution require further research. On the one hand, the snow cover detains metals, and polluted soil areas are formed locally, on the other hand, after the snow melts, the pollutants remaining on the surface with surface runoff enter rivers and are carried by the wind for quite long distances.

12

Biological Absorption of Chemical Elements in Topinambur Plants by Separation of Wastewater in Podzol Soil

Lopushnyak Vasyl, Hrytsuliak Halyna, Kozova Iryna, Jakubowski Tomasz, Kotsyubynska Yulia, Polutrenko Miroslava, Kozan Natalia

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 9

18--24

EN

The application of sewage sludge as a fertilizer in podzols soil ambiguously affects the peculiarities of the accumulation of certain chemical elements in various organs of the Jerusalem artichoke plants. Experimental factors in the study were different doses of sewage sludge from sludge maps of wastewater treatment plants and its compost with cereal straw, included together with the compensatory dose of mineral fertilizers to the norm N90P90K90 in the Jerusalem artichoke plantation. Determination of the content of chemical elements in soil and plants was carried out by X-ray fluorescence analysis. According to the results of research, it was established that the change of mineral nutrition conditions of Jerusalem artichoke causes significant changes in the chemical composition of its tubers and vegetative mass. Studies have shown a clear positive effect of increasing doses of SS on increasing the content in tubers: K – to 7.9%, Ca – to 1.9, Fe – to 1.9, in green mass: O – to 31.8%, K – to 31.6, Ca – to 24.9, Mg – to 5.9, Mn – to 0.7, Fe – to 0.4 and K – to 34.5%. The coefficients of biological absorption for most chemical elements are more than 1, but for O, Al, Si, Fe, these figures were less than 1. Regression models of phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium content in the vegetative mass of Jerusalem artichoke indicate a high and moderate dependence of these indicators on their content in Jerusalem artichoke tubers and soil.

13

Porównanie klas stanu technicznego dwu różnych zbiorów kamionkowych przewodów kanalizacyjnych

Kuliczkowska Emilia, Wijas Katarzyna

Instal

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2022

|

nr 10

42--46

PL

W artykule przedstawiono rezultaty analizy wyników badań CCTV dwóch zbiorów długo eksploatowanych kamionkowych przewodów kanalizacji sanitarnej w różnych miastach w Polsce. Celem przeprowadzonej analizy było sprawdzenie, czy występowały różnice w rozkładzie przyporządkowania klas stanu technicznego przewodom kanalizacyjnym w analizowanych zbiorach. Sformułowano wnioski wskazujące, czy zbiory różniły się pod względem planowanych terminów odnowy w zakresie kryterium hydrauliczno-eksploatacyjnego, zagrożeń środowiska i bezpieczeństwa konstrukcji.

EN

The paper presents the results of the analysis of CCTV studies of two collections of long-operated vitrified clay sanitary sewer pipes in various cities in Poland. The aim of the analysis was to check whether there were differences in the distribution of the assignment of technical condition classes to sewer pipes in the analyzed sets. Conclusions were formulated whether the collections differed in terms of the planned renewal dates in terms of the hydraulic and operational criterion, environmental hazards and construction safety.

14

Non-destructive testing using uv-induced colour changes to predict mechanical properties of kraft packaging paper

Gençer Ayhan, Can Ahmet, Kurt Rıfat, Keşmer Cengiz

Drewno : prace naukowe, doniesienia, komunikaty

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2022

|

Vol. 65, nr 210

art. no. 1644-3985.415.07

EN

This study measured the decrease in some mechanical properties of kraft paper used in packaging and bag production by examining the colour changes occurring in accordingly prepared standard samples subjected to UV influence. Thus, it is aimed to predict the mechanical properties of packages that have been exposed to sunlight over long periods of time with the colour change measurement, which is a non-destructive test, without the packaging deformation. Since there are mechanical differences between the cross-machine width and machine length of fabricated papers, these were measured separately. Measurements were made on papers exposed to UV for 0, 120, 240, 360, 480, 600, and 720 h. Tensile strength, strain at break, and tensile energy absorption (TEA) values were measured and also predicted for the kraft paper. For the prediction, the time and colour change values were used as independent variables, whereas the mechanical properties were taken as the dependent variables. The relationship between the time and colour change and the tensile strength, strain at break, and TEA variables in both the cross-machine and the machine directions were significant at the 5% level, and the R2 values were within acceptable limits. The results showed that the mechanical properties of the papers under UV effect decreased proportionally with the increase of the UV time.

15

Construction of the passenger rail traffic generation model

Brzeziński Andrzej, Waltz Andrzej

Archives of Civil Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 68, nr 3

107--123

EN

The article presents a new approach to building a passenger rail traffic generation model. It uses data on the number of passengers at stations and railway stops obtained from the databases of operators on the rail transport market through the Office of Rail Transport - market regulator - combined with data on the model of the area around the station built based on population, number of beds, individual motorization and gross domestic product (GDP). This enabled analyzing the potential of railway traffic generation at a very detailed level. The article presents a methodology for building a passenger rail traffic generation model and verification of this model based on limited variables describing railway stations and stops as well as traffic zones and available statistical data. The model takes into account three segments of the railway market: regional, interregional and inter-agglomeration transport. The results of these analyzes can be used to increase the accuracy and the reliability of rail traffic models used in the analysis of transport networks.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono nowe podejście do budowy modelu generacji pasażerskiego ruchu kolejowego. Przedstawiono propozycję metodyki budowy modelu generacji pasażerskiego ruchu kolejowego oraz weryfikacji tego modelu w oparciu o ograniczone zmienne opisujące stacje i przystanki kolejowe oraz rejony komunikacyjne i dostępne dane statystyczne. Wykorzystano w nim dane o liczbie pasażerów na stacjach i przystankach kolejowych w połączeniu z danymi opisującymi model obszaru wokół stacji budowany w oparciu o liczbę ludności, liczbę miejsc noclegowych, motoryzację indywidualną i produkt krajowy brutto (PKB). Wykorzystanie tych danych umożliwiło przeprowadzenie analizy potencjału generacji ruchu kolejowego na dużym poziomie szczegółowości. W metodzie uwzględniono trzy segmenty rynku kolejowego: przewozy regionalne, międzyregionalne i międzyaglomeracyjne.

16

Mathematical model for friction stir lap welded AA5052 and SS304 joints and process parameters optimization for high joint strength

Chitturi Veerendra, Pedapati Srinivasa Rao, Awang Mokhtar

Advances in Materials Science

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2022

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Vol. 22, nr 1(71)

5--22

EN

Due to the numerous challenges faced during the dissimilar welding, choosing the right process parameters and their optimization yields better results. In this context, the current investigation is focused on the optimization of process parameters. Taguchi's L9 orthogonal array was selected to carry out the experimental investigations. The welded samples were tested for shear strength, and the results were analysed using Taguchi's S/N ratio analysis with "larger the better" criteria. Log-linear regression analysis was applied to formulate an empirical correlation between the process parameters and shear strength. According to S/N ratio analysis, the tool rotational speed of 800 rpm, welding speed of 20 mm/min and a penetration depth of 4.1 mm are the optimized parameters that achieve high joint strength. The achieved joint strength was 3.46 kN that is 70% of the base aluminium metal. It was noticed from the Analysis of variance of the regression model that penetration depth and tool rotational speed are the significant contributors with p-values less than 0.5. Confirmation tests show that the error between the predicted and calculated shear strength is 2.06% which is considered acceptable. R2 and adjusted R2 values of the model with a standard error of 0.076 show that the developed model is statistically significant.

17

Influence of technical condition of control and measurement equipment on calibration results

Kawalec Małgorzata, Czerwińska Karolina, Pacana Andrzej

System Safety : Human - Technical Facility - Environment

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2021

|

Vol. 3, nr 1

79--88

EN

In the paper there are analyzed the procedures used in the process of calibrating concerning control and measurement equipment. There was assumed the mathematical model of the measuring instrument which was then analyzed. The factors that result from the imperfect technical condition of the control and measurement equipment and may have an impact on the measurement results were also analyzed. Models of errors' models were assumed that may affect the calibration results. The static calibration of control and measurement equipment was analyzed. The results of numerical simulations concerning the static calibration of control and measurement equipment were presented, taking into account the linear and non-linear processing functions of the measurement equipment. The results of computations obtained for various models of processing functions were compared with each other and conclusions were drawn regarding the accuracy of the mapping of the measured quantity.

18

Factors of Quality of Life in a Group of Selected European Union and OECD Countries

Drastichová Magdaléna, Filzmoser Peter

Problemy Ekorozwoju

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2021

|

Vol. 16, nr 2

75--93

EN

This work focuses on the evaluation of the factors of quality of life in a sample of 26 countries. Quality of life is a complex, multidimensional concept, which includes various social, cultural, economic, political, demographic and environmental aspects. Regarding this, principal component analysis and regression analysis were chosen as relevant methods to analyse relationships among twenty-five variables related to quality of life, and their rela-tionships with three composite indices reflecting crucial aspects of quality of life, wellbeing and sustainability. These indices, applied as the response variables in the regression analysis, include the inequality-adjusted alter-native of the Human Development Index (IHDI), the Happy Planet Index (HPI), and Healthy Life Years (HLY). The IHDI represents an objective indicator of human development and wellbeing. HLY reflects quality of life in terms of health. The HPI combines the ecological efficiency with which human wellbeing is delivered, while it also includes a subjective measure of wellbeing. Since each of these indices represent different aspects of quality of life to a certain extent, some of the factors (represented by selected indicators) affected them in different ways. After applying a Lasso regression, nine of the 25 indicators – representing crucial factors of quality of life – were identified. Homicide rate (representing the factor of safety) affected all three indices in a negative way, whereas Years in education (representing the factor of education) and Life satisfaction – a subjective indicator of wellbeing representing the dimension of the same name, affected them positively.

PL

Niniejsza praca koncentruje się na ocenie czynników jakości życia na próbie 26 krajów. Jakość życia to złożone, wielowymiarowe pojęcie, które obejmuje różne aspekty społeczne, kulturowe, ekonomiczne, polityczne, demograficzne i środowiskowe. W związku z tym wybrano analizę głównych składowych i analizę regresji jako odpowiednie metody analizy relacji między 25 zmiennymi odnoszącymi się do jakości życia oraz ich związków z trzema złożonymi wskaźnikami odzwierciedlającymi kluczowe aspekty jakości życia, dobrostanu i zrównoważonego rozwoju. Wskaźniki te, stosowane jako zmienne odpowiedzi w analizie regresji, obejmują skorygowaną o nierówności alternatywę wskaźnika rozwoju społecznego (IHDI), wskaźnika szczęśliwej planety (HPI) i wskaźnika lat zdrowego życia (HLY). IHDI stanowi obiektywny wskaźnik rozwoju człowieka i dobrobytu. HLY odzwierciedla jakość życia w kategoriach zdrowia. HPI łączy w sobie efektywność ekologiczną, z jaką zapewnia dobrostan człowieka, a także subiektywną miarę dobrostanu. Ponieważ każdy z tych wskaźników w pewnym stopniu reprezentuje różne aspekty jakości życia, niektóre czynniki (reprezentowane przez wybrane wskaźniki) wpływały na nie w różny sposób. Po zastosowaniu regresji Lasso zidentyfikowano dziewięć z 25 wskaźników – reprezentujących kluczowe czynniki jakości życia. Wskaźnik zabójstw (będący czynnikiem bezpieczeństwa) wpłynął negatywnie na wszystkie trzy wskaźniki, natomiast lata nauki (będące czynnikiem wykształcenia) i zadowolenie z życia – subiektywny wskaźnik dobrostanu reprezentujący wymiar o tej samej nazwie – wpłynęły na nie pozytywnie.

19

Multiobjective optimization of fluphenazine nanocomposite formulation using NSGA-II method

Abu Sharar Ahmed Adnan, Ramadan Saleem Z., Hussein-Al-Ali Samer Hasan

Materials Science Poland

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2021

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Vol. 39, No. 4

517--544

EN

The World Health Organization (WHO, 2019) reports that schizophrenia affects approximately 20 million people worldwide, and the annual number of new cases is estimated at 1.5%/10,000 people. As a result, there is a demand for making the relevant medicines work better. Using a fluphenazine (FZN) drug delivery system that has been optimized using nanoparticles (NPs) technology is an important alternative treatment option for noncompliant patients with schizophrenia. Compared to the conventional delivery system, the NPs delivery system provides a controlled-release treatment, minimizes drug levels reaching the blood, and has fewer side effects as well. As a result of using the NPs delivery system, patients can obtain the benefits of reduced daily dosing and improved compliance. In this context, this study was performed to develop a mathematical model for FZN to optimize its nanocomposite delivery system using a mixture-process DoE and multiobjective optimization (MOO) approaches. The influences of NPs input fabrication parameters [i.e., FZN percentage, chitosan (CS) percentage, sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) percentage, and pH] were investigated by mixture-designed experiments and analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA); subsequently, based on the results of the analysis, three regression models were built for size, zeta potential (ZP), and drug loading efficiency (LE%); and thereafter, these models were validated using 26 experiments with three replicates. The MOO approach was employed using a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) to provide the optimal fitness value of each objective function by minimizing NPs size, maximizing ZP, and maximizing LE%. Test of hypotheses showed no statistical differences between the average observed values and the corresponding predicted values calculated by the regression models (126.6 nm, 18.7 mV, and 91.6%, respectively). As there is no benchmark available for the optimal NPs input fabrication parameters in the literature, the optimized formulation was further characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), polydispersity index (PdI), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Those tests indicated that FZN was successfully encapsulated into the final nanocomposite. Furthermore, an in-vitro drug release study was carried out and showed that at least 5 days would be needed for FZN to be fully released from its nanocomposite in a sustained-release pattern. The nanocomposite could serve as a model for the controlled and extended delivery of many drugs.

20

Hydrochemical Indicators Dynamic in Surface Water

Mitryasova Olena, Cieśla Maksymilian, Nosyk Anastasia, Mats Andrii

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 22, nr 8

111--122

EN

On the basis of the analysis of wide temporal monitoring data, a forecast of the integrated hydrochemical indicators of the waters of the Inhul river (Ukraine) was carried out. The performed analysis was also the basis for the determination of a mathematical model of natural fluctuations of the indicators studied. The determined sinusoidal dependence of the integrated water quality indicators allowed determining the average time of fluctuations concerning the processes of self-organisation of river waters. In practice, the developed mathematical models may constitute a valuable support and supplement to the existing models in the field of prediction of self-organization processes of river waters. They may also contribute to even more effective minimization of undesirable effects of anthropogenic impact on aquatic ecosystems.