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Prace geologów Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego za granicą

Salski Wojciech

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2020

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Vol. 68, nr 5

437--448

EN

Geologists of the Polish Geological Institute carried out their professional activities abroad as part of geological expeditions, in teams of several people and on individual contracts, including as experts of the United Nations. In terms of the scope of work, most of their activities were focued on research on mineral resources, mapping, geochemistry, hydrogeology and geophysics, as well as on teaching of geology at the university level. The beginnings date back to the turn of the 1950s. It began with a geological expedition to Vietnam. Mongolia was the goal of subsequent expeditions on a much wider scale. The researches were conducted from the beginning of the 1960s until the end of the 1980s. The contracts, performed in groups of several people and individually, covered about 20 countries; most of them on the African continent. They focused primarily on the search for metal ore deposits, hard coal, and chemical and rock raw materials. PGI geologists also worked as UN experts in Benin, Burundi, Chad, Gabon, Haiti, India, Madagascar, Mauritania and Niger. The results of their work on various continents were the discoveries of numerous mineral deposits and the recognition of geological structure over an area of thousands of square kilometres.

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Gruzja – reminiscencje z wyprawy

Andrusikiewicz Wacław

Przegląd Solny

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2018

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T. 14

148--162

PL

Gruzja, kraj pomiędzy Wielkim a Małym Kaukazem, była celem kolejnej wyprawy Polskiego Stowarzyszenia Górnictwa Solnego. Mimo że w Gruzji nie istnieje górnictwo solne jako odrębna gałąź przemysłu, to ze względu na położenie geograficzne kraj ten wydaje się być niezwykle ciekawy od strony geologicznej i krajoznawczej. Nie zabrakło jednak akcentów solnych, choć w skali mikro. W trakcie wyprawy jej uczestnicy mieli możliwość poznania niezwykle ciekawych historycznie miejsc, a także obiektów przyrody ożywionej i nieożywionej. Poznanie współczesnej Gruzji było cennym doświadczeniem i porównaniem do wielu państw wcześniej odwiedzanych w trakcie wypraw Stowarzyszenia.

EN

Georgia, the country between the Great and the Little Caucasus, was the goal of the next trip of the Polish Mining Association. Although there is no salt mining in Georgia as a separate branch of industry, due to its geographic location, the country seems to be extremely interesting from the geological and sightseeing side. However, there were also salt accents, although on a micro scale. During the expedition, its participants had the opportunity to learn about historically interesting places, as well as lively and inanimate nature objects. Getting to know contemporary Georgia was a valuable experience and a comparison to many countries previously visited during the expeditions of the Association.

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Budowa geologiczna oraz geneza i ewolucja bloku Gorzowa

Karnkowski P. H.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2010

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Vol. 58, nr 8

680-688

EN

From the beginning of geological investigations of the Polish Lowlands both the geological and the regional tectonic units were used simultaneously. The Szczecin-Gorzów Synclinorium should be distinguished in terms of tectono-structural rules. The Gorzów Block - as a geological unit - is defined on the basis of extent and differentiation of the Upper Cretaceous thickness or by distribution of local structures (mainly halotectonic and halokinetic ones) developed in the Zechstein-Mesozoic complex. Basement in the Gorzów Block area is uplifted in its consolidated part and also the top of Moho is elevated. Both uplifts are well correlated with the Permian-Mesozoic palaeogeothermal anomaly. The Gorzów Block incorporates also the north-western part of Wolsztyn Ridge which was active during the Permian-Mesozoic time. In the early Rotliegend time this area was characterized by volcanic activity. In the late Rotliegend it was a source for clastics deposited around the Wolsztyn Ridge. Also the carbonate platform facies of the Main Dolomite (Ca2) is associated with this uplifted area. The mentioned region is situated in the distal part of asymmetric, Polish rift basin. Development of basin analysis - as an interdisciplinary domain of the Earth Sciences - indicates the need of applying various geological units, adequate to the considering problem. Modern research methods in geology (computerization, GIS) enable the data bases creation for individual geological units necessary for study of their origin and evolution up to their present geological pattern.

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Regionalizacja tektoniczna Polski-Niż Polski

Karnkowski P. H.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2008

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Vol. 56, nr 10

895-903

EN

Presented paper is a contribution to discussion about the tectonic regionalization in Poland. The Polish Lowlands, located between the Baltic shore and the highlands of the southern and central Poland, is the area discussed here. In this region mainly the Quaternary and the Neogene deposits with thickness rarely over 300 m are exposed. On the sub-Cenozoic surface occur mainly Cretaceous, Jurassic and Triassic rocks. Structural forms of the Polish Lowlands are directly associated with the Permian-Mesozoic Polish Basin inverted at the beginning of Cenozoic time. It is worthwhile indicating here that not only the Polish Trough was inverted but also the distal part of this basin, distinguished now as the Fore-Sudetic Monocline. Subdivision of the Polish Lowlands into tectonic units on the sub-Cenozoic surface was shown on Fig. 1. In the mid-Polish area antyclinorium belts of north-west to south-east orientation are located. The basement of the Polish Basin is built of the pre-Permian deposits, tectonized during pre-Alpine phases. To analyze the geology of Poland in the sub-Permian architecture the proper tectonic map (Fig. 2) is required with only the units of first order marked. Debate on tectonics of Poland requires also a map of basement consolidation units (Fig. 3). Indispensable completion of the presented maps is a geological cross-section of the Polish Lowlands (Fig. 4). It is clear that tectonic regionalization of Poland (with special attention to the Polish Lowlands) should be demonstrated on the three basic maps here presented. Spatial (both horizontal and vertical) relations between tectonic units should be considered in the light of sedimentary basin analysis, i.e., searching processes and stages of the structural evolution which essentially contributed to the recent tectonic diversification in regional geology.

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Regionalizacja tektoniczna Polski a geologiczna baza danych PITAKA

Oziembłowski P., Karnkowski P. H.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2008

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Vol. 56, nr 10

936-938

EN

Discussion on the tectonic regional subdivision of Poland is a good opportunity to show a range of geological information of each tectonic unit and to emphasize the necessity of improvement of geological tectonic classifications, application of which in the geological databases is essential for correct usage of data collected. A good example is a geological and geophysical database PITAKA developed in the Polish Oil and Gas Company from 1987. Actually the PITAKA database contains data from 3191 boreholes which drilled Permian and younger deposits and from 4555 boreholes pierced into the older rocks. This paper presents location of 2D and 3D seismic studies done in digital technology from its introduction in Poland in 1973. In the Polish Lowlands area the Fore-Sudetic Monocline is the best geologically recognized region. The Pomeranian Anticlinorium and the Szczecin-Gorzów Synclinorium are relatively well documented. Numerous boreholes and seismic sections in those areas are associated with intensity of exploration of raw material deposits such as hydrocarbons, coal, copper, zinc and lead, sulfur and salts. Until now the PITAKA database does not contain all drilling data from Poland but it is constantly extended and supplemented.

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Holy Cross Mts. area - crustal structure, geophysical data and general geology

Dadlez R.

Geological Quarterly

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2001

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Vol. 45, No 2

99-106

EN

At the start of international seismic experiment CELEBRATION 2000 an attempt at the compilation of the present geophysical and geological data in the Holy Cross Mountains and their surroundings has been made. Five geological units of the first order and four their dividing fault zones have been distinguished in the area studied: uplifted part of the Precambrian Craton (A), Lublin Unit (B), Radom-Łysogóry Unit (C), Kielce-Nida Unit (D), and Upper Silesian Massif (E). They are separated by fault zones: Kock Fault Zone (1) between A and B, Kazimierz Fault Zone (2) between B and C, Holy Cross Fault (3) between C and D, Cracow-Lubliniec Fold Zone (4) between D and E. The first and last units bordering the area are not discussed in this paper. Units B and C are built on the cratonic crust up to 54 km thick. Unit C is composed of poorly correlated mosaic of crustal blocks with crust 35-45 km thick. Fault zones 1 and 3 coincide with crustal fractures while zone 2 has not its counterpart in crustal structure.

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Neogeńska przebudowa podłoża polskich Karpat i jej reperkusje

Ryłko W., Tomaś A.

Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego

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2001

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nr 395

1-60

PL

Na podstawie sondowań magnetotellurycznych przeprowadzono analizę morfologii powierzchni skonsolidowanego podłoża Karpat oraz wykonano szkic przebiegu głównych elementów tektonicznych. Zarówno analiza morfologii, jak i wykonany szkic oraz przekroje pozwoliły określić ramy stylu tektonicznego skonsolidowanego podłoża tej części Karpat. Morfologia powierzchni skonsolidowanego podłoża Karpat jest bardzo zróżnicowana. Głębokość do stropu podłoża waha się od kilkuset metrów w zachodniej części do około 20 km w obszarze południowo-wschodnim. Generalnie jego powierzchnia obniża się z północnego zachodu ku południowemu wschodowi. Obniżanie podłoża ma charakter blokowy. W obrazie tektonicznym skonsolidowanego podłoża Karpat na terenie Polski obserwujemy trzy główne elementy tektoniczne. Są to dwie poprzeczne, transwersalne strefy tektoniczne o generalnym przebiegu SW-NE, zrzucające systematycznie podłoże ku wschodowi. Trzecim elementem jest, porównywalna z nimi pod względem znaczenia, podłużna strefa skłonu podłoża ku południowi - "regionalny skłon podłoża". Strefy dyslokacyjne poprzeczne dzielą obszar skonsolidowanego podłoża polskiej części Karpat na trzy sektory: zachodni, centralny oraz wschodni. Uformowany w neogenie charakter podłoża miał istotny wpływ na obecny kształt mas fliszowych. Szereg okien tektonicznych występujących w utworach fliszowych jest genetycznie związany z określonym układem skonsolidowanego podłoża w ich otoczeniu, a szczególnie na ich południowym zapleczu. Na wydzielonych strefach dyslokacyjnych A-A i B-B następuje zmiana kierunków pasm fliszowych. Przedstawiony zarys budowy tektonicznej skonsolidowanego podłoża polskiej części Karpat ukształtował się ostatecznie w neogenie.

EN

Based on the results of magnetotelluric soundings, morphology of the consolidated basement of the Carpathians has been analysed and a sketch of the main tectonic elements has been drawn. The analysis, the sketch and the cross-sections as well allowed for developing a concept about major tectonic pattern of the consolidated basement in this part of the Carpathians. Morphology of this consolidated basement is very diversified. Depth to the top of the basement varies from several hundred metres in the western part of the Carpathians to around 20 km in the southeastern part. Generally, the surface drops from the north-west toward the south-east. The drop is not uniform, and it has a discontinuous character. In the tectonics of the consolidated basement of the Carpathians in the territory of Poland three major elements influencing its structure are distinguished. These are two transverse, generally SW-NE oriented fault zones where the basement is dipping eastward. The third element of a comparable meaning to the other two is a longitudinal zone of the basement dipping southward - "regional basement slope". The transverse dislocation zones divide the consolidated basement of the Polish Carpathians into three sectors: western, central and eastern ones. The character of the basement that had developed in the Neogene had a significant influence on the current shape of the flysch masses. A number of tectonic windows occurring in the flysch deposits is genetically associated with a given pattern of the consolidated basement in their surrounding, an in their southern hinterland in particular. In the determined dislocation zones A-A and B-B there is a change in directions of flysch structures. The presented outline of tectonics of the consolidated basement of the Polish Carpathians is the present-day status that had finally developed in the Neogene.