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Differences in the abiotic parameters of water in coastal lakes in the light of the EU water framework directive: an example of the Polish southern baltic coast

Cieśliński R., Major M.

Acta Geophysica

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2012

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Vol. 60, no. 4

1159-1179

EN

Coastal lakes have a specific hydrological regime determined by the influence of sea and inland water and the local hydrographic conditions. There are several problems concerning the protection and assessment of water quality of these bodies. The most important features differentiating coastal lakes from other lakes are: high salinity, a wide range of seasonal and short-term water quality changes, and specific aquatic ecosystems adapted to these conditions. These matters have not been sufficiently taken into account in the existing classifications and typologies of lakes in Poland. The problem has not been solved by the establishment of the adequate reference conditions and new guidelines for the classification of water status (which are being prepared according to the Common Strategy for the Implementation of the Water Framework Directive) regarding inland surface waters (rivers and lakes) and marine waters (coastal and transitional). An important issue is to define criteria which would help to distinguish all those hydrographic objects and to establish water quality standards for them.

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Zróżnicowanie makrofitów w różnych typach nizinnych rzek referencyjnych w Polsce

Szoszkiewicz K., Jusik Sz., Ławniczak A. E., Zgoła T., Szwabińska M.

Woda-Środowisko-Obszary Wiejskie

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2010

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T. 10, z. 3

297-308

PL

Badania przeprowadzono na terenie Polski niżowej, z uwzględnieniem odcinków referencyjnych wszystkich typów rzek nizinnych, które zostały wydzielone w naszym kraju na potrzeby Ramowej Dyrektywy Wodnej. Badania terenowe zostały wykonane w okresie od czerwca do września w latach 2003–2007. Badania wykonywano wg makrofitowej metody oceny rzek, na podstawie których obliczono makrofitowy indeks rzeczny MIR, całkowite pokrywanie przez rośliny, udział różnych grup ekologicznych oraz podstawowe wskaźniki różnorodności [liczba gatunków, wskaźnik Shannona-Wienera, równomierności, Simpsona i dominacji]. Oprócz badań biologicznych, na każdym stanowisku przeprowadzono ocenę hydromorfologiczną rzek metodą River Habitat Survey [RHS]. Na wszystkich badanych stanowiskach wykonano także analizy fizykochemicznych cech wody z wykorzystaniem standardowych metod. Analizy te umożliwiły wyodrębnienie czterech makrofitowych typów rzek. Są to: rzeki organiczne, małe rzeki krzemianowe z piaszczystym materiałem dna, małe rzeki krzemianowe z podłożem kamienistym oraz duże rzeki krzemianowe. Porównując obliczone wskaźniki makrofitowe, wykazano, że wskaźniki stanu ekologicznego MIR oraz wskaźniki dominacji miały podobne wartości w różnych typach rzek, natomiast indeksy różnorodności biologicznej oraz całkowite pokrywanie przez makrofity różniły się istotnie między typami. Największą różnorodność gatunkową zaobserwowano w rzekach organicznych, natomiast najmniejszą - w małych rzekach krzemianowych o piaszczystym materiale dna.

EN

Presented analyses were aimed to describe macrophyte development in pristine lowland rivers and to show their variation among various stream types. The study was based on a country-wide survey of Poland with a dataset of 642 sites situated on 367 water courses. Surveyed rivers covered the whole lowland area of Poland and every potential reference site has been checked. During the survey all existing lowland river types were investigated in accordance to WFD requirements. The reference sites were selected from the whole database. Reference conditions were defined using four criteria: catchment land use, hydromorphological features, water quality and biological assessment. Based on chosen criteria, the database of reference lowland rivers included 40 sites. To classify plant data, twoway indicator species analysis Twinspan was used, which resulted in distinguishing 4 evident endclusters which differed in plant composition. These were: organic rivers and 3 types of siliceous rivers (small with sandy substrate, small with stony substrate and large rivers). For each of the revealed river types several macrophyte metrics were calculated. The numerical index MIR [Macrophyte Index for Rivers] did not significantly differ between river types while four diversity metrics: species richness, Shannon index, evenness and Simpson index differed significantly between river types. Moreover, the share of different structural forms of macrophytes was also diversified between river types.

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Development of tools for ecological quality assessment in polish marine areas according to the Water Framework Directive. Part II - Chlorophyll-α

Łysiak-Pastuszak E., Krzymiński W., Lewandowski Ł.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2009

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Vol. 38, No.3

101-112

EN

To implement the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) it is necessary to establish tools enabling ecological status quantification on the basis of biological indicators, and to assess reference conditions and relevant environmental pressures for the construction of response curves. This study focuses on the Polish sector of the Baltic Sea. A number of statistically significant linear correlations, linking chlorophyll-a concentrations with pressure parameters, were found. Due to the lack of historical data, reference conditions and ecological class boundaries for chlorophyll-a assessment were determined using a simplified mathematical approach.

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Establishing reference conditions for Polish lakes - preliminary results

Soszka H., Kolada A., Gołub M., Cydzik D.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2008

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Vol. 37, No.3

105-110

EN

Establishing reference conditions is essential for performing ecological status assessments of surface waters according to the EU Water Framework Directive. Ecological status is described as the deviation from undisturbed (reference) conditions. This paper presents the process of establishing preliminary reference values for chlorophyll a, total phosphorus, and Secchi disc readings in different types of Polish lakes. This was done by selecting potential reference lakes and performing statistical analysis of the values of the main eutrophication parameters. The preliminary reference values for total phosphorus, chlorophyll, and Secchi disc depth were defined as 0.033 mgP dm-3, 3.75 ěg dm-3, and 3.6 m for stratified lakes, and 0.048 mgP dm-3, 5.80 ěg dm-3, and 2.5 m. for polymictic lakes, respectively.

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Preliminary assessment of the eutrophication status of selected areas in the Polish sector of the Baltic Sea according to the EU Water Framework Directive

Łysiak-Pastuszak E., Osowiecki A., Filipiak M., Olszewska A., Sapota G., Woroń J., Krzymiński W.

Oceanologia

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2006

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No. 48 (2)

213-236

EN

The implementation of the European Union Water Framework Directive required a number of tasks to be fulfilled: classifying the various water bodies into different types, defining reference conditions for each of the types and assessing their ecological quality status - this last is based on biological, hydromorphological and physicochemical quality elements of the ecosystem. The paper presents an attempt to estimate reference values in selected areas of Polish coastal and transitional waters as well as in an open sea area following WFD principles. The preliminary eutrophication assessment showed all the assessed areas to be eutrophication problem areas.