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Nest Types and Nest-Site Selection of the Little Bittern Ixobrychus minutus Breeding in Fishpond Habitat in South-Eastern Poland

Flis A.

Polish Journal of Ecology

2016

Vol. 64, nr 2

268--276

The paper describes chosen habitat conditions determining the occurrence and nesting of the Little Bittern Ixobrychus minutus and their effect on the nest type (breeding nest BN or mock nest MN). The Little Bittern is a monogamous bird whose male can build a couple of nests during the breeding season. The main questions posed in this work are: (1) what habitat is chosen for the nesting site, and (2) do habitat conditions influence the nest type? The study was carried out in a fishpond complex in the Lasy Janowskie Landscape Park (SE Poland) during the breeding seasons of 2010−2012. All 44 nests (23 BN and 21 MN) were built in a waterside belt of perennial Common Reed Phragmites australis. All nests were built at sites with water depth between 11 and 101 cm. The type of the nest did not depend on the date when it was built during the breeding season. There was a significant difference in the width of the nests between breeding and mock nests. Moreover, obtained results showed a significant influence of the reed belt height and reed stem diameter on the nest type. Further studies on the Little Bittern's nesting habitat, protection of suitable wetlands, and proper water management are important for the conservation of this vulnerable species.

Semi-natural reedbeds as breeding habitat of Bluethroat (Luscinia svecica L.) on sevage farm in Wrocław city (South-Western Poland)

Orłowski G., Sęk M.

Polish Journal of Ecology

2005

Vol. 53, nr 1

135-142

In the breeding season of 2004 in sewage sedimentation basin overgrown with semi-natural reedbeds (n=63, total area 113,3 ha, mean area =1.80 (± 3,90) ha, range: 0,018 do 26,54 ha) on a sewage farm (total study area 14,22 km2) in the northern part of Wrocław city (640000 inhabitants, SW Poland) 45 territories of Bluethroat Luscinia svecica cyanecula were found. Territorial birds were detected in 38% of all controlled reedbeds. Up to eight territories were localized in a single reedbed. In at least ten territories (22% of all) the presence of breeding pairs was also recorded. The smallest reedbed occupied by a single male had 0,081 ha and by a pair - 0,204 ha. A high statistically significant correlation was found between the reedbed area, the length of its border and the number of territories it contained. The probability of Bluethroat occurrence in a reedbed was closely related to its size. Even in small reedbeds (<2 ha) it amounted to ca. 35% and it reached 100% at 10 ha. Within particular occupied reedbeds (n=24) the densities ranged from 1,5 to 49,5 (exceptionally 123,4) territories 10 ha-1. The average density (± SD) for all reedbeds (n=63) was 7,6 (± 19,2) territories 10 ha-1, while within the occupied reedbeds (n=24) it amounted to 20,0 (± 27,1) territories 10 ha-1. The Wrocław population of Bluethroat is one of the biggest known breeding concentration of this species not only in western Poland, but probably also in large part of central Europe. So far reports of marked increases of Bluethroat abundance in anthropogenic habitats (after a dramatic decline observed since the end of XIX century) have come mainly from western Europe.