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An Overview of Block Matching Algorithms for Motion Vector Estimation

Khawase Sonam T., Kamble Shailesh D, Thakur Nileshsingh V., Patharkar Akshay S.

Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems

2017

Vol. 10

217--222

In video compression technique, motion estimation is one of the key components because of its high computation complexity involves in finding the motion vectors (MV) between the frames. The purpose of motion estimation is to reduce the storage space, bandwidth and transmission cost for transmission of video in many multimedia service applications by reducing the temporal redundancies while maintaining a good quality of the video. There are many motion estimation algorithms, but there is a trade-off between algorithms accuracy and speed. Among all of these, block-based motion estimation algorithms are most robust and versatile. In motion estimation, a variety of fast block based matching algorithms has been proposed to address the issues such as reducing the number of search/checkpoints, computational cost, and complexities etc. Due to its simplicity, the block-based technique is most popular. Motion estimation is only known for video coding process but for solving real life applications many researchers from the different domain are attracted towards block matching algorithms for motion vector estimation.This paper is a review of various block matching algorithms based on shapes and patterns as well as block matching criteria used for motion estimation.

Aid measures for the unemployed and their assessment (in the light of the research results)

Stankiewicz J., Bortnowska H.

Management

2015

Vol. 19, no. 1

73--88

The negative consequences of the economic downturn started in 2008 in the USA affected many countries, including - Poland. In many organizations, it was necessary to carry out the redundancies, and these ones, if they were implemented in an unethical way, usually intensified dysfunctional processes within the companies. The paper presents examples of outplacement activities which can be taken by the government and by employers to limit these negative effects and to reduce the extent of unemployment. It also shows the results of empirical studies carried out among workers of the Lubusz region, who were made redundant in 2008-2014. There were indicated, e.g. the activities, which benefited the respondents and those ones, which they would like to use, but did not have such an option.

Negatywne konsekwencje spowolnienia gospodarczego zapoczątkowanego w 2008 r. w Stanach Zjednoczonych dotknęły wiele krajów, w tym - Polskę. W wielu przedsiębiorstwach niezbędne stało się przeprowadzenie zwolnień pracowniczych, a te, jeśli były realizowane w nieetyczny sposób, nasilały procesy dysfunkcjonalne w firmach. W artykule zaprezentowano przykłady działań z zakresu outplacement, które mogą zostać podjęte przez samorządy i pracodawców, aby ograniczać te negatywne zjawiska i/lub by zmniejszać skalę bezrobocia. Przedstawiono także wyniki badań empirycznych zrealizowanych wśród lubuskich pracowników zwolnionych z pracy w latach 2008-2014. Wskazano, m.in. działania pomocowe, z których skorzystali respondenci oraz te, z których chcieliby skorzystać, lecz nie mieli takiej możliwości.