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PL
Przedstawiono wybrane problemy logistyczne, technologiczne i techniczne procesu recyklingu zużytych pojazdów. Badaniami objęto region woj. Podkarpackiego ze względu na dynamiczną sytuację w zakresie powstawiania i funkcjonowania firm zajmujących się kasacją pojazdów wycofanych z eksploatacji oraz firm zajmujących się recyklingiem surowców powstałych w procesie demontażu. Analiza uzyskanych danych wskazuje, że jest to nie tylko duży i dynamiczny obszar działalności gospodarczej, ale także poważny odbiorca usług transportowych i logistycznych. Kluczowe znaczenie mają także obwarowania prawne w zakresie ochrony środowiska, które wymuszają specyficzne rozwiązania w zakresie transportu, logistyki i spedycji w procesie kasacji i recyklingu zużytych pojazdów.
EN
The chosen logistics, technological and technical problems of recycling the used vehicles were presented. The research covered Podkarpacke Province due to the dynamic situation in terms of formatting and func-tioning the companies which are dealing with the cassation of the vehicles withdrawn from use and compa-nies engaged in recycling raw materials produced in the process of dismantling. The analysis of the data indicates that it is not only large and dynamic area of economic activity but also a major recipient of transport and logistics services. Of key importance are also legal fortifications in the field of environmental protection which impose specific solutions for transport, logistics and freight forwarding in the process of scrapping and recycling used vehicles.
PL
Przedstawiono stan rozwoju recyklingu samochodów oraz stan, uwarunkowania i możliwości poprawy w tym zakresie w Polsce. Recykling samochodów to ekonomiczne wykorzystanie odpadów samochodowych. W niektórych procesach przetwórczych odpady, w wyniku różnych reakcji, nabywają nowych, wartościowych związków. Te nowe związki mają również określone cechy, które mogą i powinny być wykorzystywane do wytwarzania innych wyrobów. Wielokrotne użytkowanie materiałów i surowców ma nie tylko znaczenie ekonomiczne, ale również wpływa na stan środowiska przyrodniczego. W artykule opisano obecny stan stacji demontażu. Uzasadniono potrzeby wybudowania sieci stacji recyklingu samochodowego, a także zaprezentowano aspekty prawne dotyczące recyklingu.
EN
An overview of car recycling in Poland including the current state, conditions and improvement options has been presented. Car recycling is an economic utilization of car wastes. As a consequence of different reactions in some exchange processes, wastes may acquire new, useful potential. This new potential represents particular features that may and should be used for manufacturing other products. Beside the economic value, a multiple use of materials and re-sources has an effect on the natural environment. The article presents the current state of disassembly stations. It also justifies the need to establish a car recycling stations network and indicates recycling-related law aspects.
PL
Problematykę recyklingu pojazdów wycofanych z eksploatacji w polsce reguluje ustawa uchwalona dnia 20 stycznia 2005 roku. W pracy przedstawiono logistykę procesu recyklingu pojazdów wycofanych z eksploatacji w ramach działań systemowo zintegrowanych, wynikających z ustawy.
EN
The population of the Earth has exceeded 6 billions, and the number of proprietors of motor vehicles has reached the level of 800 millions. In Poland, the number of cars being exploited exceeds the number of 10 millions. At a certain moment, the motor vehicle losses its values of usefulness and becomes a waste material. At present, rational waste management that permits to limit the consumption of natural raw materials and energy as well to reduce areas for storing waste being not utilized becomes a necessity and not only an act of will. Poland has acceded to countries where appropriate legal regulations in that domain are in force, as a result of accepting in January 2005 the Law concerning recycling vehicles withdrawn from further use. The subject of this contribution concerns the identification of elements of a logistic system of waste management concerning vehicles being withdrawn from further exploitation, in connection with the definition of the notion of logistics being accepted by the European Committee for Standardization in 1992. These elements are: planning, organization, realization and control of the process in j the domain of technology, information flow and finances management. Planning in the are of recycling technique creates economic units in the form of: an enter-prise conducting a unit of gathering the vehicles, an enterprise conducting a sta-1 tion of vehicle dismantling, an enterprise operating shredding equipment and I an enterprise performing activity in the area of recovery and recycling. Theve-I hides can be supplied by their proprietors to the gathering unit or dismantling j station, assuming that the distance from the nearest of the mentioned enterprises does not exceed 50 km. The necessity of supplying a complete vehicle is also an essential requirement, or of paying a charge of 10 zlotys for each missing ki-f logram of its mass. The Legislator also states that an enterprise that imports into i the country more than 1000 vehicles per year has to organize a recycling network, and that the enterprise that imports a smaller number of vehicles - has to pay a charge amounting to 500 zlotys for each car. The Law imposes, upon the undertaker conducting a dismantling station, the obligation of reaching a level of recovery and recycling of vehicles being withdrawn from further use respectively of 95 % and 85 % of the mass of vehicles received at his/her station. In this work, an analysis concerning the other elements and areas of the discussed problems has been performed. As a result of that analysis, the following statements have been made: • The proposed system of recycling vehicles being withdrawn from further exploitation contains all the essential elements resulting from the principles of waste logistics. • A certain shortcoming consists in the suggested principle of admitting the installation to be operated after having verified its regular functioning. • The proposed solution consisting in a payment when transmitting an incomplete vehicle to recycling seems to be problematic, as: - in the case of an old vehicle, the calculated amount to be paid can be a barrier for assuring legal withdrawal of the vehicle from further use, - in the case of a partially damaged new vehicle, the fact of disassembling good elements of the vehicle outside the station can be attractive from the financial point of view, - in the case of a considerably destroyed vehicle (as a result of a road or fatal event) the amount to be paid can be inadequate with regard to the existing situation. • A lack of information exists concerning the procedure of canceling the vehicle I from the central files in the case of theft. • The parameters of the network have not been defined, this network having obligatorily to be organized by the enterprise importing the vehicle onto the territory of the country.
PL
W niniejszym artykule omówiono procedury postępowania administracyjnego związane z procesem inwestycyjnym i uzyskiwaniem zezwoleń na wytwarzanie odpadów w Zakładach Demontażu Pojazdów. Przedstawiono także zasady wyznaczania przez wojewodę składnic złomu uprawnionych do przyjmowania pojazdów przeznaczonych do kasacji.
EN
The administrative procedures of the investment process and permission acquisition for waste production in vehicle disassembly works have been discussed. The guidelines for local authorities to designation of scrapmetal depots authorised to dispose vehicles withdrawn from use have been also presented. These regulations make it possible to manage legally the parts and sub-assemblies from such vehicles and also to improve recycling of wastes generated in that process.
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