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Industrial catalysts as a source of valuable metals

Fornalczyk A.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

2012

Vol. 55, nr 2

864--869

Purpose: Catalyst are used in all sector of the chemical industry: in basic chemistry (synthesis of sulfuric and nitric acid, ammonia, methanol and aromactics; in petrochemistry; in polymerization chemistry; in refining, in reactions of fluid catalytic cracking (FCC), resid fluid cracking catalyst (RFCC), hydrodesulfurization (HDS) and hydrotreatment; in auto industry for reduce of pollution, for removal of NO, CO and hydrocarbons in exhaust emissions; in variety of industrial processes. Recovery of metals and precious metals from spent catalysts has been an important topic not only from economic aspect but also for recycling rare natural sources and reducing the catalyst waste to prevent the environmental pollution. Various methods for recovering metals form spent auto catalyst, petroleum reforming and other industrial catalysts are reviewed. Design/methodology/approach: The article presents the methods used in the world for metals recovery from spent industrial catalysts. Findings: To recover precious metals from spent catalysts many hydro- and pyrometallurgical methods are used. But none of these methods is an universal method that can be used to recover all type of spent catalysts. These recovery methods have also some disadvantages: pyrometallurgical methods require special equipment, reaching the desired temperature, and they are not only expensive but also highly energy consuming. The application of hydrometallurgical methods requires to solve the problem of harmful waste solutions generated during the process. Practical implications: The paper presents the possibilities of industrial catalysis as a source of valuable metals. Originality/value: The present work is a review about industrial catalysts as a source of valuable metals.