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1

Koncepcje ograniczania negatywnego oddziaływania na środowisko naturalne w projektowaniu i realizacji budynków

Michalak Hanna, Torberntsson Aleksandra

Materiały Budowlane

|

2023

|

nr 4

20--24

PL

W artykule przedstawiono współczesne koncepcje projektowania i realizacji obiektów budowlanych uwzględniające w różnym zakresie zasadę 3R Reduce-Reuse-Recycle gospodarowania odpadami. Scharakteryzowano przykłady inwestycji, w których przyjęte rozwiązania projektowe mają wpływ na ograniczenie szkodliwego ich oddziaływania na środowisko naturalne w ciągu całego cyklu życia obiektu budowlanego. Podano wnioski z przeprowadzonych analiz.

EN

The article presents contemporary concepts for the design and implementation of buildings that take into account, to varying degrees, the 3R principle of Reduce-Reuse-Recycle waste management. Building examples described in the article, contain design solutions with a impact on reducing their harmful impact on the environment throughout the life cycle of the building object. Conclusions from analysis are given.

2

Application of the pentagonal W-ECO model for manufacturing based on "SDGs"

Tanabe Ikuo

Journal of Machine Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 22, No. 1

25--42

EN

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were proposed to ensure the well-being of everyone on earth, a purpose to which all the fields, including manufacturing, must contribute. However, although industry is implementing this laudable concept in a piecemeal fashion, it is currently unlikely to achieve all 169 targets in the 17 Goals by the SDG deadline of 2030. Therefore, qualitative and quantitative achievement indicators and effective evaluation methods are needed to achieve the 17 goals of the SDGs when developing industrial products. Therefore, in this study, the manufacturing in response to the 17 goals and the 169 targets of the SDGs is considered, and the application of the pentagonal W-ECO model for manufacturing based on the SDGs was proposed. First, the current situation of manufacturing was considered from an environmental perspective, which is also important for the SGDs. Secondly, product’s lifespan which is deeply related to the environment, was discussed in terms of the correlation between time, technology and environment, and "Re" technology was proposed to extend product's lifespan and save resources. Then three cases of development for environmental conservation were introduced to understand the current situation, and it was confirmed that the new technologies in the three cases can contribute to the achievement of SDGs, however the degree of their contribution couldn't be evaluated quantitatively. Finally, the previous three cases using the proposed pentagonal W-ECO model quantitatively evaluated and confirmed that the results of the evaluation provide a quantitative indicator for achieving the SDGs. As a result, the effectiveness of the pentagonal W-ECO model for manufacturing based on SDGs is evaluated.

3

Evaluation of harvest waste in soilless agriculture tomato cultivation

Boyaci Sedat, Abaci Bayar Ahu Alev, Başak Hakan

Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich

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2022

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nr I/1

29--42

EN

In this study, it was carried out in order to determine the amount of plant nutrients that can be obtained from the wastes of tomato plants grown with soilless agriculture technique in the greenhouse and to make suggestions for evaluation possibilities. For this purpose, cocopeat and plant samples were taken from the soilless greenhouse where tomatoes were grown at the end of production. The stem, leaf, fruit and root of the collected cocopeat and plant samples were separated and N, P, K, analyzes were made in these separated samples. According to the results obtained, the amount of N that can be added to the soil with the cocopeat wastes is determined as 10.58 kg, the amount of P 0.09 kg and the amount of K 0.52 kg for one decare area. The total N amount that can be gained from the roots, stems, leaves and fruits of the waste tomato plant per decare area was determined as 6.65-11.97 kg, P content 1.22-2.52 kg and K amount between 5.10-18.21 kg. Considering the distribution of the amount of NPK that can be added to the soil according to the plant parts. On average, 4.18 kg in root, 2.50 kg in stem, 7.58 kg in leaf and 7.46 kg in fruit were found to be wasted due to not evaluating plant wastes. The organ with the highest N content among plant parts is the leaf, and 42.73% of the total N is found in the leaf. P and K are mostly found in fruits. In addition, 41.73% of P and 36.62% of K are excreted with fruit. It will be possible to improve the soils with insufficient organic matter content throughout Turkey by composting the wastes from greenhouses. In addition, it has been determined that these wastes are very important in terms of reducing the visual pollution caused by these wastes, harmful emissions that will arise as a result of burning and bringing them into the economy.

4

Design and simulation of high purity biodiesel reactive distillation process

Ali Syed Sadiq, Asif Mohammad, Basu Avijit

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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2019

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Vol. 21, nr 3

1--7

EN

Biodiesel is a promising energy substitute of fossil fuels since it is produced from renewable and biodegradable sources. In the present work, reactive distillation (RD) process is designed and simulated using Aspen Plus process simulator to produce biodiesel of high purity through esterification reaction. The simultaneous reaction and separation in same unit enhances the biodiesel yield and composition in RD process. Two flowsheets are proposed in present work. In the first flowsheet, the unreacted methanol is recycled back to reactive distillation column. Biodiesel with 99.5 mol% purity is obtained in product stream while the byproduct stream comprises 95.2 mol% water, which has to be treated further. In the second flowsheet, a part of methanol recycle is split and purged. In this case, the biodiesel composition in product stream is 99.7 mol% whereas water composition is 99.9 mol% in byproduct stream, which can be reused for other process without treatment.

5

A method of suppressing chaos in a chemical reactor and the use of chaos for identifying the reactor model

Berezowski Marek

Chemical and Process Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 40, nr 3

265–-272

EN

A method of suppressing chaotic oscillations in a tubular reactor with mass recycle is discussed. The method involves intervention in the temperature of the input flow by the recirculation flow and the temperature set from the exterior. The most advantageous solution was proved to be heat coupling elimination and maintenance of the reactor input temperature on the set level. Moreover, the reactor modelwas identified on the basis of a chaotic solution, as it provides the biggest entropy of information.

6

Wykorzystanie pyłu ceramicznego wytworzonego z wyeksploatowanych izolatorów elektrycznych jako napełniacza do zapraw cementowych

Zegardło B., Woliński P., Chodyka M., Tokarski D., Ogrodnik P.

Wiadomości Elektrotechniczne

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2018

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R. 86, nr 1

36--38

PL

W artykule przedstawiono problematykę utylizacji wyeksploatowanych ceramicznych izolatorów elektrycznych. Opisano przyczyny i miejsca powstawania odpadu. Materiał do badań własnych pozyskano z firmy prowadzącej prace remontowe linii napowietrznych. Izolatory rozkruszono i wytworzono z nich pył. Celem pracy było badanie tzw. aktywności pucolanowej. Opisany parametr był wyznacznikiem możliwości stosowania pyłów jako recyklingowego napełniacza w zaprawach budowlanych. Metodyka badawcza prowadzona była zgodnie z normą PN EN 450-1:2012 – Popiół lotny do betonu – Część 1: Definicje, specyfikacje i kryteria zgodności [4]. Uśredniony wskaźnik aktywności pucolanowej pokruszonego pyłu ceramicznego po 28 dniach wynosił 68%, po 90 dniach 72%. Biorąc pod uwagę fakt nieznacznej zmiany parametrów wytrzymałościowych badanych zapraw oraz względy ekologiczne zarekomendowano recykling pyłów ceramicznych pochodzących z rozkruszenia izolatorów elektrycznych do ich użycia w produkcji zapraw cementowych.

EN

The article presents the problem of utilization of worn out ceramic insulators. The causes and locations of the waste are described. Own research material was obtained from the company conducting overhaul of overhead lines. Insulators were crushed and dust was produced. The aim of the study was to study the so-pozzolanic activity. The described parameter was a determinant of the possibility of using dust as a recycling filler in building mortars. The test methodology was carried out in accordance with EN 450-1: 2012: Fly ash to concrete – Part 1: Definitions, specifications and conformity criteria [4]. The average shooping activity of crushed ceramic dust after 28 days was 68% after 90 days of 72%. Considering the slight change in the strength parameters of the tested mortars and ecological considerations, it was recommended to recycle ceramic dust from crushed electrical insulators for their use in the production of cement mortars.

7

Inter-/Intra-Laminar Reinforced Hybrid Fibre Composites by Needle Punching and Thermal Bonding: Evaluation of Mechanical and Static Puncture Properties

Li T.-T., Wang R., Lou C.-W., Pan Y.-J., Hsieh C.-T., Lin J.-H.

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2016

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Vol. 24, no. 4 (118)

84--91

EN

This study comparatively presents the static puncture property of different structures of intra-/inter-laminar reinforced hybrid composites via needle punching and thermal bonding techniques. The tensile and bursting properties of two composites with inter-laminar reinforcement by needle-punching and inter-and-intra- laminar reinforcement by both needle punching and using Kevlar fibres were also evaluated comparatively. The significance of process parameters including the low-melting PET fibre content, take-up speed of the punching machine, the plied orientation between the nonwoven and fabric and thermal bonding on the static puncture resistance was firstly investigated to seek out the significant parameters. The effects of significant processing parameters on static puncture and mechanical properties were explored afterwards. The research result shows that the plied orientation, low-melting PET content and thermal bonding affect the static puncture resistance most significantly. The maximum tensile strength and bursting strength occurred when hybrid composites after thermal bonding were composed of parallel-plied nonwovens and 90°-orientated glass fabric, as well as 70 wt% low-melting PET fibres. Recycled Kevlar fibre reinforcement dissipates additional static puncture resistance, and makes the static puncture resistance higher, as well as the tensile and bursting strengths for resultant hybrid fibre composites. Employing recycled Kevlar fibres is economical for the fabrication of hybrid composites. Diversified economical hybrid composites will be applied as a wall interlayer or garment interlining in the future.

PL

Przedstawiono porównawcze omówienie statycznej wytrzymałości na przebicie różnych hybrydowych kompozytowych wzmocnionych struktur laminarnych. Badano wytrzymałość na rozciąganie i przerwanie różnych wariantów kompozytów zarówno igłowanych jak i łączonych termicznie, w tym takich, w których stosowano do wzmocnienia włókna Kevlar. Badano istotność wpływu różnych parametrów na statyczną wytrzymałość na przebicie. Stwierdzono znaczny wpływ orientacji igłowania i zawartości niskotopliwego PET.

8

Quality Evaluation of Remelted A356 Scraps

Yuksel C., Tamer O., Erzi E., Aybarc U., Cubuklusu E., Topcuoglu O., Cigdem M., Dispinar D.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2016

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Vol. 16, iss. 3

151--156

EN

A356 is one of the widely used aluminium casting alloy that has been used in both sand and die casting processes. Large amounts of scrap metal can be generated from the runner systems and feeders. In addition, chips are generated in the machined parts. The surface area with regard to weight of chips is so high that it makes these scraps difficult to melt. Although there are several techniques evolved to remedy this problem, yet the problem lies in the quality of the recycled raw material. Since recycling of these scrap is quite important due to the advantages like energy saving and cost reduction in the final product, in this work, the recycling efficiency and casting quality were investigated. Three types of charges were prepared for casting: %100 primary ingot, %100 scrap aluminium and fifty-fifty scrap aluminium and primary ingot mixture were used. Melt quality was determined by calculating bifilm index by using reduced pressure test. Tensile test samples were produced by casting both from sand and die moulds. Relationship between bifilm index and tensile strength were determined as an indication of correlation of melt quality. It was found that untreated chips decrease the casting quality significantly. Therefore, prior to charging the chips into the furnace for melting, a series of cleaning processes has to be used in order to achieve good quality products.

9

Study On The Separation And Extraction Of Rare-Earth Elements From The Phosphor Recovered From End Of Life Fluorescent Lamps

Shin D.-W., Kim J. G.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2015

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Vol. 60, iss. 2B

1257--1260

EN

In this study, recovered phosphor from end of life three-wavelength fluorescent lamp was selected for reuse rare earth elements in the phosphor. The effect of a type of acid, concentration, and time was investigated as solubility of rare earth elements. In addition, precipitate heat-treated was investigated as possibility of reusable phosphor. The results showed that the amount of the rare earth elements was different values depending on the type of acid, and it was investigated with concentration of acid and reaction time. After precipitation reaction, the precipitate was sintered in electric furnace in order to reuse rare earth elements as phosphor. It was confirmed that yttrium, europium, oxygen, and carbon through X-ray diffraction and inductively coupled plasma analysis. Following the results, it can assume that rare earth oxide reuse the phosphor as three-wavelength fluorescent lamp.

10

Processing Technique and PerformanceEvaluation of High-Modulus Organic/Inorganic Puncture-Resisting Composites

Li T T, Lou C W, Lin M C, Lin J H

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2014

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Vol. 22, no. 6 (108)

75--80

EN

The development of low-cost organic/inorganic puncture-resisting composites is suggested to improve their puncture resistance and thermal insulation properties. In this paper, recycled high modulus Kevlar fiber and glass fabric were used together with polyester/lowmelting polyester nonwovens. The result shows that the static puncture resistance improves proportionally with Kevlar fibers; but the dynamic puncture resistance remains the same at first and then rises up to 20 wt % for Kevlar fibers. The increasing low-melting polyester fibers on the surface result in an upward and then downward trend for both static and dynamic puncture resistances. The additional polyester/low-melting polyester nonwovens are beneficial for the improvement of puncture resistances. Moreover the thermal conductivity of all the composites is in range of 0.015-0.025 W/m·K. According to the results, Kevlar fibers are also shown to be advisable reinforcement to achieve better tensile and bursting strengths.

PL

Badano możliwości zwiększenia odporności na przebicie oraz odporności termicznej tanich organiczno-nieorganicznych kompozytów. W badaniach stosowano wysoko modułowe włókna Kevlar z recyklingu oraz tkaninę z włókien szklanych łącznie z włókninami wykonanymi z niskotopliwego poliestru. Stwierdzono, że statyczna wytrzymałość na przebicie zwiększa się proporcjonalnie z ilością włókien Kevlar, ale dynamiczna wytrzymałość na przebicie pozostaje początkowo taka sama, a następnie wzrasta do zawartości włókien Kevlar 20%. Zastosowanie niskotopliwych włókien poliestrowych powoduje tendencje wzrastające, a następnie malejące dla wytrzymałości statycznej i dynamicznej. Stwierdzono, że dodatek włókien Kevlar jest korzystny dla wytwarzanych kompozytów.

11

Re.produkt 2009. Cz. II

Gorwa K.

Recykling

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2009

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nr 12

16-17

PL

W listopadowym wydaniu miesięcznika "Recykling" zostały przedstawione podstawowe założenia projektu Re.produkt 09, którego organizatorem była poznańska Fundacja SPOT. W drugiej części artykułu omówiono wydarzenia towarzyszące wystawie oraz zaprezentowano wybrane "Re-produkty" pochodzące z różnych miejsc świata.

12

High speed twin roll casting of 6061 alloy strips

Haga T., Sakaguchi H., Watari H., Kumai S.

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

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2008

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Vol. 31, nr 1

49-52

EN

Purpose: of this paper is to clear the possibility of high speed roll casting of thin strips of two aluminum alloys: 6061 and recycled 6061. Mechanical properties of the roll cast 6061 and recycled 6061 strips were investigated in the frame of this purpose. Design/methodology/approach: Methods used in the present study were high speed twin roll caster and low temperature casting. These methods were used to realize rapid solidification and increase the casting speed. Findings: are that 6061 and recycled 6061 could be cast at speed of 60 m/min. Casted strips were about 3 mm thick. As cast strip could be cold-rolled down to sheet of 1 mm thick. 180 degrees bending test was operated on the sheet after T4 heat treatment and crack was not worse than 6022 which is typical aluminum alloy for sheet of the automobile. This result means the roll cast 6061 can be used as a sheet for body of the automobile instead of 6022. Research limitations/implications: Research limitation is that the width of the strip was 100 mm and investigation of the properties were enough for practical use. Wider strip must be cast using the twin roll caster of the size for production. Originality/value: The economy sheet of the 6061 for the auto mobile can be produced by the high speed twin roll caster. 6061 is typical wrought aluminum alloy of 6000 series. Therefore, the sheet of 6061 will become economy. 6061 can be recycled at two times when the 6061 is cast into strip by the high speed roll casting.

13

Zwiększenie możliwości recyklingu zużytych opon samochodowych dzięki ich wykorzystaniu w nawierzchniach drogowych

Garbasz B., Garbalińska H.

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Rzeszowskiej. Budownictwo i Inżynieria Środowiska

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2006

|

z. 40 [229]

135-142

PL

Referat poświęcono możliwości zastosowania miału i granulatu gumowego do modyfikacji nawierzchni drogowych. Przedstawiono dotychczasowe osiągnięcia w tym zakresie innych państw, poddano analizie ekonomicznej oraz ocenie technicznej testowane tam niekonwencjonalne mieszanki bitumiczne, wykorzystane na próbnych odcinkach dróg o nawierzchniach z asfaltów modyfikowanych miałem gumowym. Temat ten wydaje się wart podjęcia z uwagi na dwa aspekty: obserwowany u nas w ostatnich latach lawinowy rozwój motoryzacji - zwiększonej podaży zużytych opon oraz w związku z bezdyskusyjną koniecznością rozwoju budownictwa drogowego w naszym kraju - zagwarantowania wystarczającej ilości surowców do produkcji warstw nawierzchniowych.

EN

The report is devoted to the possibility of using rubber fines and granulates for modification of road surfaces. Former achievements of other countries in this matter are discussed and unconventional bituminous mixes that are used on sample road sections made of asphalts modified with rubber fines are analyzed in the economical perspective and assessed as to technical aspects. This topic seems to be worth consideration because of two aspects: during the last years, we observe a snowballing motorization development - an increased supply of used tires, and, because of the unarguable necessity of road construction development in our country - to ensure a sufficient supply of materiais for production of surface layers.

14

Recycling and reuse of plastic wastes in building

Zieliński R., Vogt B.

Czasopismo Techniczne. Środowisko

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2004

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R. 101, z. 9-Ś

147--151

EN

The incessant height of the quantity of waste material from plastics creates ecological problems, and their variety makes difficult raw material or also utilization of materials. Only 1/3 this quantity of waste material can become made use as secondary raw materials. Plastics for good properties are practical to the modification of the propriety of bitumen's. The utilization of waste material of plastics as modifiers of road- masses can determine alternative with the form of the recycling.

PL

Bezustanny wzrost ilości odpadów z tworzyw sztucznych stwarza problemy ekologiczne, a ich rozmaitość utrudnia surowcowe lub materiałowe wykorzystanie. Tylko 1/3 tej ilości odpadów może zostać zużytkowana jako surowce wtórne. Tworzywa sztuczne, ze względu na dobre właściwości termomechaniczne, są stosowane do modyfikacji właściwości bitumów. Wykorzystanie odpadów tworzyw sztucznych jako modyfikatorów mas drogowych może stanowić alternatywną formę recyklingu.