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The Epigravettian and the Magdalenian in Poland: New chronological data and an old problem

Wiśniewski A., Połtowicz-Bobak M., Bobak D., Jary Z., Moska P.

Geochronometria

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2017

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Vol. 44, no. 1

16--29

EN

The aim of the paper is to present a new chronological model of recolonisation of the area located north of the Sudetes and the Carpathians after Late Glacial Maximum (LGM). Until recently, it was believed that reoccupation of these areas occurred only due to the Magdalenian people. New chronometric data (radiocarbon and optoluminescence ones) coming from the Magdalenian and Epigravettian sites together with the application of Bayesian modelling of new records allowed us to present another model. In the light of the new research, it seems that the groups classified as the Epigravettian and Magdalenian could have coexisted at the same time in the same areas. The new model states that it is possible to assume coexistence of these groups during the period of 2300 years between 16500 and 14200 years BP.

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Epiphytic lichen recolonization in the centre of Cracow (southern Poland) as a result of air quality improvement

Słaby A., Lisowska M.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2012

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Vol. 60, nr 2

225-240

EN

Epiphytic lichen distribution and diversity were investigated in seven localities in the centre of Cracow (South Poland). Field studies were carried out in the years 2007-2009. A total of 39 species were recorded at 434 sites; 6 species are new to Cracow. Compared to previous surveys, the overall situation has generally improved, with higher lichen species richness and cover rate. The area of former .lichen desert. in the city centre has disappeared and it has been colonized by SO2 sensitive macrolichen species. Dominance of nitrogen- and dust-tolerant species has been observed. The health of lichen thalli has improved and many young specimens were recorded in the study area. These changes follow air quality improvement, mainly the SO2 decline, during the last twenty years. Transport-related NOx and dust have become the main pollutants in the centre of Cracow. The recolonization process seems to be not completed yet and further improvement in lichen distribution and diversity is expected. Thus long-term biomonitoring is required.

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Ramienica Chara fragilis Desv. jako bioindykator poprawy warunków środowiska w Jeziorze Charzykowskim

Chmara R.

Ekologia i Technika

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2012

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R. 20, nr 6

363-370

PL

Przeanalizowano przemiany środowiska wodnego i roślinności Jeziora Charzykowskiego w latach 1947-2006 na tle zróżnicowanej dostawy zanieczyszczeń. W 1947 r., czyli w okresie sprzed zanieczyszczenia jeziora stężenie ortofosforanów wyniosło 0,08 mg/dm3. W kolejnych latach następował wzrost koncentracji ortofosforanów, aż do rekordowo wysokiego poziomu 0,48 mg/dm3 w 1992 r. Po tym okresie zaobserwowano spadek koncentracji fosforu, który wiąże się z uruchomieniem oczyszczalni ścieków. Na tle oddziaływań antropogenicznych zaobserwowano zmiany w strukturze roślinności podwodnej. Istotną rolę w tym pełnią ramienice Characeae. Przed okresem intensywnego obciążenia zbiornika biogenami (1947 r.) stwierdzono obecność 2 gatunków ramienic: Chora fragilis i Nitellopsis obtusa, w fazie "szczytu eutrofizacji" (łata 70-90. XX w.) ramienice całkowicie ustąpiły, natomiast roślinność podwodna zmniejszyła pionowy zasięg z 6 m do 3 m. Badania przeprowadzone w 2006 r. wykazały niskie stężenia fosforu całkowitego oraz obecność skupisk C. fragilis. Przeważały skupiska kilkugatunkowe, nie zaobserwowano rozległych łąk ramienic. Rekolonizacja C. fragilis jest pierwszym, wyraźnym biologicznym symptomem poprawy warunków środowiska. Utrzymanie niskiego poziomu azotu, fosforu oraz dobrych warunków świetlnych może w najbliższym czasie spowodować pojawienie się innych gatunków ramienic oraz wzrost ich frekwencji i biomasy w litoralu.

EN

Transformations in the water environment and vegetation of Lake Charzykowskie over the years 1947-2006 were analysed against the variations in the pollution supply. In 1947, so prior to the lake pollution, the concentration of orthophosphate was 0.08 mgPO4/dm3. In subsequent years, the concentration of this element increased to reach a record high of 0.48 mgPO4/dm3 in 1992. After this year a decrease in the concentration of phosphate phosphorus was observed as a direct consequence of starting the operation of a waste purification plant. On a background of different anthropogenic interactions, changes were noted in the structure of the submerged vegetation. in particular in the contribution of stoneworts/Characeae. Prior to the period of the intense loading of the lake with biogenes. in the lake vegetation only two stonewort species were met Chara fragilis (= Ch, globularis Thuillier) and Nitellopsis obtusa, at the peak of eutrophisation stoneworts totally withdrew, while the submerged vegetation reduced the vertical range from 6 m to 3 m. Investigation performed in 2006 revealed the presence of Cbarafragilis clusters. Recolonisation of C. fragilis is the first clear biological symptom of improvement in the environmental conditions. It is expected that on prolonged maintenance of low levels of nitrogen and phosphorus as well as good light conditions, other stonewort species can appear, their frequency and biomass in the littoral can increase.