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Analiza wpływu zmiany ułożenia taśmy pasa bezpieczeństwa na obciążenia pasażerów na tylnych siedzeniach podczas czołowego uderzenia samochodu w przeszkodę

Żuchowski A.

Logistyka

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2015

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nr 4

7095--7105, CD2

PL

Celem pracy jest ocena wpływu zmiany położenia taśmy pasa względem pasażerów (dorosły i dziecko) na tylnych siedzeniach na ich kinematykę, obciążenia dynamiczne i ryzyko powstawania obrażeń, podczas czołowego uderzenia samochodu w przeszkodę. Obciążenia dynamiczne, jakim są oni poddawani podczas wypadku drogowego, mogą być nawet kilka razy większe, niż obciążenia osób na przednich fotelach. Do oceny tych obciążeń opracowano w systemie MADYMO model komputerowy wnętrza samochodu, z manekinami dziecka oraz osoby dorosłej na tylnych fotelach. Rozważono trajektorie ruchu bioder, torsu i głowy oraz obciążenia dynamiczne, działające na manekiny. Zgromadzone wyniki badań umożliwiły wyznaczenie przebiegów oraz wartości obciążeń dynamicznych, wynikających z działania sił bezwładności oraz reakcji od pasów bezpieczeństwa. W ilościowej ocenie obciążeń manekinów wykorzystano wyniki obliczeń wskaźników biomechanicznych.

EN

This work was undertaken to assess the influence of changes in the positioning of the seat belt to the occupants (adults and children) of the rear seat on their kinematics, the dynamic loads acting on them, and the risk of injury they are exposed to during a frontal impact of the car against an obstacle. Dynamic loads, affecting them during a road accident, can be even a few times higher than the loads of the front seat passengers. In order to evaluate these loads, a computer model of a car interior was developed in the MADYMO system including child and adult dummies on the rear seat. Within the analysis, the trajectories of the pelvis, torso and head of each dummy as well as the dynamic loads acting on the dummies were examined. The test results collected made it possible to determine the time histories and values of the dynamic loads caused by inertial forces and seat belt reactions. The quantitative evaluation of the loads acting on the dummies was based on results of calculations of biomechanical indicators.

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The analysis of the influence of the rear seat passenger position on the kinematics and dynamic loads on a torso and legs during a road accident

Prochowski L., Żuchowski A

Journal of KONES

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2013

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Vol. 20, No. 2

335--342

EN

The analysis carried out by the authors indicates high threat to the rear seat passengers in passenger cars during a road accident. Vehicle designers indicate potential threats for passengers when they take a position in a car which is unexpected by a manufacturer of passive protection systems. Based on that, the tests were prepared in order to consider several different positions of a rear seat passenger. In particular, attention was paid to a threat to passengers when they take a position unexpected by a manufacturer of the passive protection systems in a car. Indicating and justifying a need to adjust the operation of the individual protection means to a passenger anatomy and current passenger position in a car in order to optimize his protection makes an important aim of these tests. This paper presents the results of the tests performed with a Hybrid III dummy, size M50, placed in three different positions in the back seat of a car. During each test, a series of physical values were measured and the motion of a dummy against the car body and the car interior components were filmed. The effects resulting from a change of a passenger’s position, observed on the courses of dynamic loads occurring during an accident, were analysed. Despite of small changes to a passenger’s position, their significant influence on the dummy movement during a frontal collision of a car and an obstacle was observed.

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Risk of injury for the front and rear seat passengers of the passenger cars in frontal impact

Żuchowski A.

Journal of KONES

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2012

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Vol. 19, No. 3

507-518

EN

The dynamic loads acting on a human body during a road accident may cause bodily injuries. They are dependent not only on the car structure and applied means of individual protection but also on the anthropometric features of a human body and its location in car. The safety of the car occupants on the rear seats in the passenger cars has been treated as a secondary issue so far. The achieved stage of the structure of that equipment for the rear seat occupants makes an important confirmation of that state. Usually there is no adjustment of the seat belt fixing point position, seat belt pretensioners, seat adjustment. This paper considers the risk of injury for the front and rear seat passengers of the passenger cars on the basis of analysis of dynamic loads that can affect them during the road accident. The attention was paid to the adults and children aged about 10 years. The dynamic loads were analysed with making use of experimental results of frontal flat barrier impact. During the tests, the passengers are protected by typical passive safety systems on the front and the rear seats. In the evaluation used the criteria of the biomechanical human body resistance to the impact load effect. The attention is paid to relations between a seat occupied in a car and the probability of injuries. The analysis of the laboratory impact tests was preceded by the assessment of risk of injury of the front and rear seat passengers in the real road accidents, which has been prepared based on the literature data.