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Synthesis of single-crystalline Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 nanocrystals by hydrothermal method

Deng Chunyu, Qin Chaoran, Li Xinyi, Li Shaoqing, Huang Zhixiong, Zhang Lianmeng, Zhou Xuedong, Guo Dongyun, Ju Yang

Materials Science Poland

2019

Vol. 37, No. 3

473--481

PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 nanocrystals were synthesized by a hydrothermal method. The effect of NaOH concentration, reaction temperature and time on nucleation and growth of PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 nanocrystals was investigated. As the 0.05 mol/L PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 precursors were heated at 200 °C for 21 h with NaOH concentration of 0.5 mol/L, the tetragonal PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 nanocrystals were formed, and the grain size was more than 20 nm. With increasing the NaOH concentration from 0.5 to 1.5 mol/L, the grain size of PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 nanocrystals decreased. When the precursors were heated at different temperatures (140 °C to 200 °C) for 21 h with 1.0 mol/L NaOH, single-phase PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 nanocrystals were obtained at 160 °C to 200 °C. With increasing the reaction temperature from 160 °C to 200 °C, the grains size of PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 nanocrystals increased from 5 nm to 9 nm. When the precursors were heated at 160 °C in different reaction times from 6 h to 21 h, the evolution from amorphous to crystalline PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 nanocrystals in correlation with the reaction time was observed. Single crystalline PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 nanocrystals with narrow size distribution (from 5 nm to 9 nm) were synthesized by controlling the NaOH concentration, reaction temperature and time. The obtained results can find potential application in preparing PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 thin films on flexible substrates.

Spalanie mączki kostnej pochodzącej ze źródeł o wysokim stopniu zagrożenia

Karcz H., Jodkowski W., Sikorski W.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Elektryka / Politechnika Opolska

2004

Vol. 295, z. 53

285-308

Proces termicznej utylizacji substancji organicznych pochodzących ze źródeł o podwyższonym zagrożeniu (SRM) wymaga spełnienia wymogu o temperaturze reakcji większej od 850 st.C i czasie przebywania utylizowanej substancji w strefie reakcji nie mniejszej jak 2 s. Przedstawiona prototypowa instalacja o mocy 15 MW spełnia powyższe wymogi i zapewnia całkowity i zupełny proces spalania mączki kostnej i tłuszczu zwierzęcego bez emisji jakichkolwiek substancji szkodliwych do atmosfery i do gleby.

As regards thermal utilization process of organic substances derived from sources of an increased hazard it is necessary to meet requirements of reaction temperature higher than 850 st.C and holdup time of the utilized substance in a reaction zone not shorter than 2 sec. There is presented a prototype installation of 15 MW power that fulfills all above mentioned requirements and ensures complete bone meal and animal fat combustion process, without emission of deleterious substances into atmosphere and soil.