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  1. 2 Chemia i Inżynieria Ekologiczna
  2. 2 Environment Protection Engineering
  3. 2 International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy
  4. 2 Inżynieria Chemiczna i Procesowa
  5. 2 Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing
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  1. 3 Chacuk A.
  2. 2 Kierzkowska-Pawlak H.
  3. 2 Siemieniec M.
  4. 2 Singare P. U.
  5. 2 Wielgosiński G.
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  1. 2 2022
  2. 1 2020
  3. 1 2019
  4. 1 2018
  5. 1 2017
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1
Content available Modele eksperymentalne w badaniach zewnątrzkomórkowego transportu miedzi
Bal Wojciech
Wiadomości Chemiczne
|
2022
|
[Z] 76, 5-6
456-466
EN
The biological relevance of proteins and peptides for Cu(II) biology, including the extracellular transport of this element, is commonly estimated by studying stabilities and structures of their complexes. However, our experimental studies on the kinetics of formation of Cu(II) complexes of ATCUN/NTS and Xaa-His-R peptides, considered to be key actors in extracellular copper biology, revealed novel long-lived reaction intermediates. These intermediates, rather than the final reaction products fulfil the chemical criteria for actual biocomplexes derived from biological studies. Our research clearly demonstrated that understanding of the kinetic aspect of interactions is indispensable for realistic modeling of biological interactions of metal ions.
2
Content available Separation and physicochemical properties of residual carbon in gasification slag
Fan Xiaoting, Fan Panpan, Liu Xiaodong, Ren Zhenyang, Bao Weiren, Wang Jiancheng, Dong Lianping, Fan Minqiang
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing
|
2022
|
Vol. 58, iss. 6
art. no. 154928
EN
Gasification slag is the solid waste produced in the coal gasification process, and its treatment and disposal problems are becoming more and more serious. In this study, the gasification slag produced in a chemical base in northern China and its residual carbon obtained by gravity separation of water medium were taken as the research objects, and their physicochemical properties were analyzed comprehensively. The residual carbon products, ash-rich products and high-ash products were obtained from the gasification slag after gravity separation. Under the optimal structure, the ignition loss of residual carbon products was reduced from 79.80% to 16.84%, and the yield was 11.64%. The high content of amorphous carbon and developed pores in the residual carbon provide the possibility of manufacturing high value-added materials. Raman spectrum showed that the residual carbon had lower aromaticity, higher content of small and medium aromatic ring structures, lower structural stability and easier combustion. Thermogravimetric combustion kinetics showed that the average combustion rate of residual carbon was 0.325(dm/dt)mean/%•min−1, the comprehensive combustion characteristic index was 1.41•10−9%2•min−2•°C−3. It has excellent performance and can be used as a raw material for mixed combustion in a circulating fluidized bed. The analysis of physical and chemical properties of residual carbon is of great significance for follow-up exploration of the resource utilization and high-value utilization of the residual carbon.
3
Termiczna konwersja odpadów rolniczych w celu poprawy ich parametrów energetycznych
Dębowska Aleksandra, Kopia Agnieszka, Magdziarz Aneta
Hutnik, Wiadomości Hutnicze
|
2020
|
Vol. 87, nr 4
82--86
PL
Celem prezentowanych badań była charakterystyka termicznej przemiany rolniczych odpadów biomasowych, tj. wytłoków winogron i gałązek kiwi oraz charakterystyka karbonizatów uzyskanych w beztlenowym procesie w temperaturze 1000°C i 1200°C. Budowę morfologiczną i zachowanie termiczne analizowanych materiałów wykonano odpowiednio metodami SEM-EDAX i TGA. Na podstawie danych termograwimetrycznych określono charakterystykę termicznej przemiany surowej biomasy i karbonizatu. Następnie w oparciu o wyniki TGA wyznaczono parametry kinetyczne tj. energię aktywacji Ea i współczynnik przedwykładniczy A. Wartości energii aktywacji uzyskane dla gałęzi kiwi są wyższe niż wartości obliczone dla biomasy pochodzącej z wytłoków winogron. W przypadku karbonizatów nie odnotowano istotnych różnić w wartości Ea w zależności od temperatury procesu.
EN
The aim of the presented study was to characterize the thermal conversion of biomass wastes such as grape pomace and kiwi branches and the characteristics of chars obtained at 1000°C and 1200°C (anaerobic conditions). The morphology and thermal behavior of the analyzed materials were carried out using SEM-EDAX and TGA methods, respectively. On the basis of thermogravimetric data, the thermal conversion characteristics of raw biomass and biochars were determined. Then, based on the TGA results, kinetic parameters were determined, i.e. activation energy Ea and pre-exponential factor A. Activation energy values obtained for the kiwi branch are higher than the values calculated for biomass from grape pomace. Additionally, in the case of biochars there were no significant differences in the Ea value depending on the process temperature.
4
Content available Mechanism and Synthesis of Yttrium Iron (Y-Fe) Alloy by Low Temperature Process Using Calcium as Reductant
Ilayaraja Marimuthu, Berchmans L. John, Sankaranarayan Sankara Raman
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
|
2019
|
Vol. 64, iss. 4
1593--1596
EN
In this paper, study the preparation of Y-Fe alloy by reduction-diffusion process, which is novel technique for producing an alloy from its ores directly at different temperatures. From this work, investigates the particles size and morphology structure of alloy by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Energy dispersive-X-ray analyzer (EDAX) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) respectively. Here study the thermodynamics of property of system such as Gibbs free energy and reaction kinetics of system respectively. The Vibrating Sample magnetometer (VSM) is used to study the magnetic properties of alloy such as cocerviety, saturation magnetization and retentivity.
5
Content available Analiza kinetyki reakcji złożonych na przykładzie rozkładu azotanu amonu
Popławski D., Huculak-Mączka M., Hoffmann K., Hoffmann J.
Proceedings of ECOpole
|
2018
|
Vol. 12, No. 2
561--569
PL
W pracy przedstawiono sposób wyznaczenia parametrów kinetycznych złożonej reakcji rozkładu azotanu amonu. W obliczeniach wykorzystano dane pochodzące z pomiarów przeprowadzonych z zastosowaniem skaningowej kalorymetrii różnicowej sprzężonej z termograwimetrią i spektrometrią mas (DSC-TG-MS). Badane próbki ogrzewano z trzema różnymi szybkościami: 3, 5 i 10 K/min. Parametry kinetyczne reakcji rozkładu wyznaczono z zastosowaniem metody dopasowywania modelu, wykorzystując regresję nieliniową. Uzyskane wyniki zdają się potwierdzać współistnienie dwóch konkurujących ze sobą procesów: endotermicznej dysocjacji i odparowania azotanu amonu oraz jego egzotermicznego rozkładu.
EN
The paper presents a method of determining the kinetic parameters of complex reaction of ammonium nitrate decomposition. The data from measurements carried out with the use of differential scanning calorimetry coupled with thermogravimetry and mass spectrometry (DSC-TG-MS) were used in the calculations. The test samples were heated with three different rates: 3, 5 and 10 K/min. Kinetic parameters of the decomposition reaction were determined by model fitting method using nonlinear regression. The obtained results seem to confirm the existence of two competing processes: the endothermic dissociation and evaporation of ammonium nitrate and its exothermic decomposition.
6
Content available Kinetic modelling of NO heterogeneous radiation-catalytic oxidation on the TiO2 surface in humid air under the electron beam irradiation
Nichipor H., Sun Y., Chmielewski A. G.
Nukleonika
|
2017
|
Vol. 62, No. 3
235--240
EN
Theoretical study of NOx removal from humid air by a hybrid system (catalyst combined with electron beam) was carried out. The purpose of this work is to study the possibility to decrease energy consumption for NOx removal. The kinetics of radiation catalytic oxidation of NO on the catalyst TiO2 surface under electron beam irradiation was elaborated. Program Scilab 5.3.0 was used for numerical simulations. Influential parameters such as inlet NO concentration, dose, gas flow rate, water concentration and catalyst contents that can affect NOx removal efficiency were studied. The results of calculation show that the removal effiiency of NOx might be increased by 8–16% with the presence of a catalyst in the gas irradiated field.
7
Content available VOC combustion on ceramic foam supported catalst
Gancarczyk A., Iwaniszyn M., Mokrzycki Ł., Rojek W., Duraczyńska D., Machej T., Kowalska J., Jaroszyński M., Kołodziej A.
Prace Naukowe Instytutu Inżynierii Chemicznej Polskiej Akademii Nauk
|
2016
|
nr 20
63--75
EN
Open cellularceramic foam with the Mn-Cu catalyst layered was investigated in the toluene combustion process. Foam morphology was studied using computed microtomography. The results proved satisfactory functioning of the foam supported catalyst, better than the monolith supported one, probably due to more intense mass transfer of the foam-based reactor.
PL
Stała piana ceramiczna o otwartych porach z naniesionym katalizatorem Mn-Cu była badana w procesie dopalania toluenu. Morfologia piany była badana z użyciem mikrotomografii komputerowej. Wyniki wykazały zadowalające funkcjonowania katalizatora naniesionego na pianę, prawdopodobnie wobec intensywniejszego transportu masy.
8
Content available remote Mechanizm reakcji tworzenia się heksaglinianiu wapnia w układzie CaAl4O7-Al2O3
Jonas S., Pięta A., Bućko M., Czyżewska A., Krupa G.
Materiały Ceramiczne
|
2015
|
T. 67, nr 2
109--112
PL
Praca zawiera wyniki badań nad przebiegiem reakcji tworzenia się heksaglinianu wapnia CaAl12O19 (CA6) podczas wypalania mieszaniny proszków dwuglianiu wapnia CaAl4O7 (CA2) i Al2O3. Reakcja ta ma istotne znaczenie w kształtowaniu się mikrostruktury materiałów ogniotrwałych na bazie wymienionych związków. Heksaglinian wapnia tworzący się na styku powierzchni dużych ziaren Al2O3 z otaczającą je osnową CA2 powoduje wzrost porowatości materiału oraz wprowadza lokalne zmiany rozszerzalności cieplnej. Znajomość reakcji tworzenia się CA6 jest niezbędna w projektowaniu technologii powyższych materiałów. W pracy wyznaczono stopień przereagowania w układzie w funkcji temperatury i czasu wypalania przy użyciu dyfraktometrii rentgenowskiej z zastosowaniem metody Rietvelda. Ewolucję mikrostruktury analizowano na podstawie obrazów SEM i widm EDS. Na podstawie zebranego materiału doświadczalnego określono kinetyczny próg temperaturowy reakcji oraz sformułowano jej równania kinetyczne. Stwierdzono, że najwolniejszym etapem elementarnym limitującym jej przebieg jest wzrost zarodków CA6, tworzących się na granicy rozdziału CA2-Al2O3.
EN
This work presents the results of research over a course of formation of calcium hexa-aluminate CaAl12O19 (CA6) during firing a mixture of calcium dialuminate CaAl4O7 (CA2) and Al2O3 powders. The CA6-forming reaction is important in evolution of the microstructure of refractory materials made from these compounds. Calcium hexa-aluminate, which forms at the interface of coarse Al2O3 grains and surrounding matrix CA2, increases porosity, and introduces local changes of thermal expansion. Knowledge of the CA6-forming reaction is necessary in designing technologies of the foregoing materials. In the study, a degree of conversion as a function of temperature and time of firing the materials in the system were determined by X-ray diffractometry and the Rietveld method. The evolution of microstructure was analysed by using SEM images and EDS spectra. The kinetic temperature threshold and kinetic equation of the reaction were formulated, basing on the collected experimental data. It has been found that the slowest elementary step limiting its course is growth of CA6 nuclei, forming at the CA2-Al2O3 interface.
9
Content available In-situ nitrate remediation using nano iron/nickel particles
Tehrani M. R. F., Vossoughi M., Shamsai A.
Environment Protection Engineering
|
2014
|
Vol. 40, nr 3
75--86
EN
Originally, the application of nano zero valent iron/nickel (nZVI/Ni) particles for nitrate removal in porous media was studied. nZVI/Ni was prepared and employed in batch and continuous modes. Based on batch experiments, the reaction kinetics was consistent with the adsorption model by the order of 1–1.5. The variation of the kinetics order depends on pH and nickel content. So that highest reactivity was observed for nZVI with 10% of Ni at pH ≤ 3. Nitrate remediation in a continuous system was mostly influenced by seepage velocity, quantity and freshness of nZVI/Ni and particle size of porous media. In a batch mode, the maximum nitrate removal was 99% while in a continuous mode it did not exceed 85%.
10
Content available Radiotracer Technique in Study of Strongly Basic Anion Exchange Resins Dowex-SBR LC and Indion-454
Singare P. U.
International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy
|
2013
|
Vol. 13
37-49
EN
The present paper demonstrates application of isotopic tracer technique in characterization of anion exchange resins Dowex-SBR LC and Indion-454 for which 131I and 82Br radio isotopes were used. The characterization was made based on iodide and bromide ion-isotopic exchange reaction kinetic data obtained for the two resins. It was observed that during iodide ion-isotopic exchange reaction performed at 35.0 °C, 1.000 g of ion exchange resins and 0.002 mol/L labeled iodide ion solution, the values of specific reaction rate (min-1), amount of ion exchanged (mmol), initial rate of ion exchange (mmol/min) and log Kd were 0.379, 0.426, 0.161 and 16.2 respectively for Dowex-SBR LC resin, which was higher than the respective values of 0.156, 0.243, 0.038 and 13.4 as that obtained by using Indion-454 resins. The identical trend was observed for the two resins during bromide ion-isotopic exchange reaction. The results of present investigation also indicate that during the two ion-isotopic exchange reactions, for both the resins, there exists a strong positive linear correlation between amount of ions exchanged and concentration of ionic solution; and strong negative correlation between amount of ions exchanged and temperature of exchanging medium. Based on overall results it appears that under identical experimental conditions, as compared to Indion-454 resins, Dowex-SBR LC resins show superior performance. It is expected here that the present technique can be extended further for characterization of different ion exchange resins which will further help in the selection of those reins for the specific industrial application.
11
Content available Application of Nondestructive Radio Tracer Technique in Performance Evaluation of Anion Exchange Resins Duolite ARA-9366 and Duolite A-171
Singare P. U.
International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy
|
2013
|
Vol. 13
63-76
EN
Radio analytical technique as a non-destructive technique was used in the present investigation to trace the kinetics of ion-isotopic exchange reaction taking place in Duolite ARA-9366 (nuclear grade) and Duolite A-171 (non-nuclear grade) anion exchange resins. The kinetics data suggest that during iodide ion-isotopic exchange reactions under identical experimental conditions of 40.00C, 1.000 g of ion exchange resins and 0.003 M labeled iodide ion solution, the values of specific reaction rate (min-1), amount of iodide ion exchanged (mmol), initial rate of iodide ion exchange (mmol/min) and log Kd were 0.176, 0.383, 0.067 and 7.8 respectively for Duolite ARA-9366 resin, which was higher than 0.142, 0.353, 0.050 and 7.0 respectively as that obtained for Duolite A-171 resins. Also it is observed that at a constant temperature of 40.0 °C, as the concentration of labeled iodide ion solution increases 0.001 M to 0.004 M, the percentage of iodide ions exchanged increases from 49.20 % to 51.80 % for Duolite ARA-9366 resins; and from 45.20 % to 47.80 % for Duolite A-171 resins. The similar trend was observed for the two resins during bromide ion-isotopic exchange reactions. The overall results indicate superior performance of Duolite ARA-9366 resins over Duolite A-171 resins under identical operational parameters.
12
Content available Rezultaty i kierunki badań nad znaczeniem H2S i CO2 w formowaniu głębokich systemów hydrochemicznych
Labus K.
Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego
|
2013
|
nr 456 Hydrogeologia z. 14/1
343--347
PL
Gazy kwaśne CO2 i H2S powszechne w wielu systemach wód podziemnych aktywnie kontrolują kierunek i charakter procesów hydrogeochemicznych. Konsekwencje takich interakcji w systemach wodaskała-gaz mają wpływ na bezpieczeństwo geologicznego składowania gazów kwaśnych oraz stosowania niektórych metod szczelinowania. W artykule przedstawiono przegląd badań nad rolą H2S i CO2 w formowaniu głębokich systemów hydrochemicznych oraz nad problematyką iniekcji H2S lub SO2 wraz z CO2.
EN
Acid gases CO2 and H2S, common in many groundwater systems, actively control the directions and the nature of hydrogeochemical processes. The consequences of such interactions in water-rock-gas systems affect the safety of acid gases geological storage, and the use of certain fracturing technologies. This paper presents an overview of research on the role of H2S and CO2 in the formation of deep hydrochemical systems and the problems co- of injection of H2S or SO2 with CO2.
13
Content available remote Reaction kinetics and thiourea removal by ozone oxidation
Xie Q., Dong X., Huang W., Xu H., Du H.
Environment Protection Engineering
|
2012
|
Vol. 38, nr 4
87--98
EN
Thiourea is a toxicant which will bring some adverse effects to the public health. In the study, thiourea was degraded via ozonation process. The results show that the ozonation is an effective method to remove thiourea from wastewaters. When the ozone flow rate was 600 cm3*min-1, pH was 7.3, the temperature was 20 °C, 93.97% of thiourea (200 cm3 solution of 3 g dm-3) could be degraded after 9 min of reaction. The reaction order of ozonation of thiourea n was 0.11, and the reaction rate constant k = 0.4898 g0.89 (dm3)-0.89*min -1.
14
Content available remote Reaction Kinetics of Carbon Dioxide in Aqueous Diethanolamine Solutions Using the Stopped-Flow Technique
Siemieniec M., Kierzkowska-Pawlak H., Chacuk A.
Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S
|
2012
|
Vol. 19, nr 1
55-66
EN
The pseudo-first-order rate constants (kOV) for the reactions between CO2 and diethanolamine have been studied using the stopped-flow technique in an aqueous solution at 293, 298, 303 and 313 K. The amine concentrations ranged from 167 to 500 molźm–3. The overall reaction rate constant was found to increase with amine concentration and temperature. Both the zwitterion and termolecular mechanisms were applied to correlate the experimentally obtained rate constants. The values of SSE quality index showed a good agreement between the experimental data and the corresponding fit by the use of both mechanisms.
PL
W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań kinetycznych reakcji CO2 w wodnych roztworach dietanoloaminy. Badania przeprowadzono z zastosowaniem techniki zatrzymanego przepływu w temperaturze 293, 298, 303 i 313 K, w zakresie stężeń aminy od 167 do 500 molźm–3. Stwierdzono wzrost wartości stałej szybkości reakcji pseudopierwszego rzędu wraz ze wzrostem stężenia aminy oraz temperatury. Dane eksperymentalne zostały opisane za pomocą zależności kinetycznych wynikających z mechanizmu jonu dwubiegunowego oraz reakcji trójmolekularnej. Parametry kinetyczne dla obu mechanizmów wyznaczono w oparciu o minimalizację przyjętego wskaźnika jakości (SSE). Wartości tego wskaźnika wykazały dobrą zgodność pomiędzy danymi doświadczalnymi i odpowiednimi dopasowaniami z użyciem obu modeli kinetycznych.
15
Content available Reaction kinetics of CO2 in aqueous methyldiethanolamine solutions using the stopped-flow technique
Kierzkowska-Pawlak H., Siemieniec M., Chacuk A.
Chemical and Process Engineering
|
2012
|
Vol. 33, nr 1
7-18
EN
The kinetics of the reaction between CO2 and methyldiethanolamine in aqueous solutions have been studied using the stopped-flow technique at 288, 293, 298 and 303 K. The amine concentration ranged from 250 to 875 molźm-3. The overall reaction rate constant was found to increase with amine concentration and temperature. The acid base catalysis mechanism was applied to correlate the experimentally determined kinetic data. A good agreement between the second order rate constants for the CO2 reaction with MDEA computed from the stopped-flow data and the values reported in the literature was obtained.
16
Content available remote Influence of addition of AI compound and gypsum on tobermorite formation in autoclaved aerated concrete studied by in situ X-ray diffraction
Matsui K., Ogawa A., Kikuma J., Tsunashima M., Ishikawa T., Matsuno S.
Cement Wapno Beton
|
2011
|
nr spec.
3-6
EN
The hydrothermal formation of tobermorite during the processing of autoclaved aerated concrete was investigated by in situ XRD analysis. The XRD measurement is carried out using high-energy X-rays from a synchrotron radiation source. The effects of AI and gypsum addition on tobermorite formation were studied. Acceleration of tobermorite formation by AI and gypsum addition was clearly observed. The tobermorite formation mechanisms were discussed in these systems.
17
The structural substitution of aluminium ions during oxidative precipitation of goethite
Przepiera A., Przepiera K., Konratowska A., Płaska J.
Polish Journal of Applied Chemistry
|
2008
|
nr 3-4/07,1-2/08
77-89
EN
This work shows the method of oxidative precipitation goethite doped with Al3+ ions. As the substratum has been used copperas the waste from titanium dioxide production. The suitable conditions, reaction kinetics and degree of aluminium substitution have been investigated.The aluminium substituted goethite can be used as precursor for the red pigment preparation.
18
Content available remote Kinetics of pyrite oxidation in acidic potassium dichromate sulutions
Chojnacka M., Wawrzak D., Mulak Wł., Szymczycha-Madeja A.
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing
|
2007
|
Vol. 41
117-124
EN
The kinetics of pyrite oxidation in potassium dichromate solution was investigated. The effect of stirring rate, temperature and particle size have been examined. In addition the solid phases before and after leaching were examined by SEM, electron microprobe and chemical analysis. The rate of pyrite oxidation was found to be independent of the stirring speed. The consumption of dichromate ions in the initial solutions showed that at all temperatures under consideration sulphide sulphur was oxidized to sulphate. The value of the apparent activation energy of 43.5 ± 1.5 kJmol-1, the independence of reaction rate on the stirring speed, the linear relationship between the rate constant, and the inverse of the initial particle diameter are in good agreement with a mechanism controlled by chemical reaction.
PL
Określono wpływ temperatury, wielkości ziaren oraz warunków hydrodynamicznych w roztworze na szybkość ługowania pirytu w kwaśnym roztworze K2Cr2O7. W celu zbadania składu i morfologii powierzchni faz stałych przed i po ługowaniu wykonano analizy skaningowym mikroskopem elektronowym z mikrosondą rentgenowską. Na podstawie krzywych kinetycznych stosując zależność f(α)=1-(1-α)1/3 od czasu obliczono stałe szybkości reakcji oraz energię aktywacji równą 43,5 ± 1,5 kJ/mol. Wartość energii aktywacji oraz liniowa zależność stałej szybkości reakcji od odwrotności średnicy ziaren wskazuje, że najwolniejszym etapem procesu jest reakcja chemiczna na powierzchni pirytu. Stwierdzono również, że w całym badanym zakresie temperatur (30-70 st.C) jony S2- utleniają się do jonów SO4 2-.
19
Content available remote The advanced kinetic model of the excess activated sludge wet oxidation
Imbierowicz M., Chacuk A.
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
|
2006
|
Vol. 8, nr 2
16-19
EN
The objectives of the research were to study the mechanism and reaction kinetics of wet air oxidation oft the activated sludge. The effect of temperature, oxygen partial pressure and the concentration of substrates on the reaction rate was measured. On the basis of the experimental data, the scheme of the reaction pathway was discussed and the kinetic model of this process, which consists of the concentration of the solid phase and the rest of the parameters, was proposed. The special techniques of optimization were applied to calculate the kinetic parameters of this model, e.g. activation energy, the prepotential coefficient of the Arrhenius' equation and reaction order.
20
Utlenianie lotnych zanieczyszczeń organicznych za pomocą ozonu
Biń A. K., Machniewski P., Szepczyńska M., Wołyniec J.
Inżynieria i Aparatura Chemiczna
|
2006
|
Nr 5s
19-20
EN
The ozone demand and ozonation kinetics of selected volatile organic compounds in aqueous solutions (styrene and benzaldehy-de) were measured and are presented in the paper. A special care was paid to minimise desorption of reagents during reaction. The influence of temperature, pH and presence of free radical scavengers (tert-butanol) was examined in the experiments. The results obtained should facilitate designing and optimisation of VOC oxidation plants using ozone.
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