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1

Measuring economic resilience for the CEE and Black Sea countries in the framework of comprehensive defense

Constantinescu Maria

Security and Defence Quarterly

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2023

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Vol. 44, No. 4

55--83

EN

The main research objective of this paper is to identify key factors influencing economic resilience from the perspective of comprehensive defence. This involves developing a composite economic resilience index (Ericda) that outlines the relative economic resilience of countries in Central and Eastern Europe and the Black Sea regions, within the comprehensive defence framework. The paper employs qualitative research methods, focusing on an analysis of specialist literature pertaining to economic resilience. Quantitative methods are also used for developing the Economic Resilience Index from the Comprehensive Approach to Defence (Ericda) perspective. This includes using data on selected resilience indicators in Central and the Eastern European and Black Sea region countries to generate rankings. The results of the study reveal strong positive correlations between the economic resilience index and various factors, such as logistics and infrastructure, economic complexity, foreign trade vulnerabilities and dependence, economic stability and development, governance effectiveness, military, and human capital. Additionally, a negative correlation was observed with the resilience index. The research findings suggest that to ensure effective comprehensive defence, isolated measures targeting individual pillars are inadequate. Economic resilience requires a collaborative approach, extending beyond the purview of the finance ministry and involving a broader range of stakeholders.

2

The level of renewable energy used in EU member states - A multidimensional comparative analysis

Grzebyk Mariola, Stec Małgorzata

Economics and Environment

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2023

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No. 3

244--264

EN

This paper assesses EU countries in terms of their level of renewable energy use. The ranking of 27 EU countries in terms of the complex phenomenon under study was constructed on the basis of 7 variables. The research period was 2011 and 2020. The research method was one of multi-dimensional comparative analysis methods, i.e. Hellwig’s pattern development model. The research results confirm that there wasa positive change in the use of renewable energy in all EU countries in 2020 compared to 2011, with Sweden, Austria, Finland, and Denmark taking the lead. However, most EU countries (16 in 2011 and 17 in 2020) have a medium-low level of use of “green energy”. A low level was identified in Cyprus and Malta in 2011 and Poland in 2020.

PL

W pracy oceniono kraje UE pod względem poziomu wykorzystania energii odnawialnej. Podstawę budowy rankingu 27 krajów UE pod względem badanego zjawiska złożonego stano-wiło 7 zmiennych, a okresem badawczym był 2011 i 2020 rok. Zastosowaną metodą badawczą była jedna z metod wielowymiarowej analizy porównawczej – metoda wzorca rozwoju Z. Hellwiga. Wyniki przeprowadzonych badań potwierdzają, że w 2020 w porównaniu do 2011 roku we wszystkich krajach UE nastąpiły pozytywne zmiany w zakresie wykorzystania energii odnawialnej. Liderami są Szwecja, Austria, Finlandia i Dania. Większość krajów UE (w 2011 roku – 16; w 2020 roku – 17) posiada jednak średnioniski poziom wykorzystania tzw. „zielonej energii”. Natomiast poziom niski uzyskały w 2011 roku Cypr i Malta, a w 2020 roku – Polska.

3

Is sustainable aligning with smartness in transport domain? – marketing perspective of smart city rankings

Bruska Anna, Boichuk Nataliia

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie

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2022

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nr 72 (144)

161--172

EN

Rising awareness of sustainable development challenges, along with the quest for optimization of the everyday functioning of the city, motivate many urban authorities to search for promising concepts and solutions. One of these is the smart city concept, which has gained governors of cities’ attention for little more than ten years. An object of research and development, it is still a distinctive feature for the cities that adopt this concept. City marketers use such distinction towards a large palette of beneficiaries of the city. At the same time, it deploys some traits suggesting synergies between the implementation of smart city solutions and sustainable development goals. The main objective of our work was to verify if the relationship between these aspects (smartness and sustainability of a transportation) in smart city rankings exists and, if that is true, what impact it has on marketing communication of the city comprised in such rankings. To fulfill this goal, we answered such research questions as: what place sustainability criteria in smart city rankings have occurred, how is the transport represented in these criteria, what use graded cities make of their presence in such competition, and which perspective dominates (if any) in daily marketing communication activities of the city. To provide such an analysis, we considered the criteria used to rank the cities to find the places that accorded to sustainable ones. We examined the marketing use of the results of such rankings, referring to the official websites and social media of selected cities (random selection from the total population of 174 cities comprised). The sources used to provide the data in natural language, and their analysis proceeded with methods and tools used in NLP (natural language processing), which are accessible through CLARIN.EU infrastructure. The results determine that cities can be classed into different groups, accordingly to their sustainability/smartness pending, and ability to use accorded ranks in marketing context.

4

„Internacjonalizacja” polskiej nauki

Polaczek Jerzy

Przemysł Chemiczny

|

2022

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T. 101, nr 9

614--619

5

Stan nauk inżynieryjnych i technicznych w Polsce w świetle rankingu TOP2% Stanford University & Elsevier

Grzesik Wit, Gruba J.

Mechanik

|

2022

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R. 95, nr 8-9

28--30

PL

Opracowanie przygotowano na podstawie danych z rankingu TOP2% [4]. Syntetycznie przedstawiono stan nauk inżynieryjnych i technicznych (według klasyfikacji OEC) w Polsce na tle nauki światowej z uwzględnieniem liczby cytowanych badaczy z wyższych szkół technicznych. Daje ono również wgląd w strukturę dziedzin i dyscyplin naukowych, które są rozwijane głównie ze środków z budżetu państwa na badania naukowe i kształcenie wyższe. Prezentuje statystyki dokumentujące krajową strukturę nauk inżynieryjnych i technicznych oraz ich odniesienie do poziomu światowego. Wskazano na liczne niedoskonałości i zagrożenia oraz sformułowano wskazówki w zakresie trendów rozwojowych.

6

Network Capacity Bound for Personalized PageRank in Multimodal Networks

Kłopotek Mieczysław Alojzy, Wierzchoń Sławomir, Kłopotek Robert A.

Fundamenta Informaticae

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2022

|

Vol. 189, nr 1.

49--68

EN

In a former paper [1] the concept of Bipartite PageRank was introduced and a theorem on the limit of authority flowing between nodes for personalized PageRank has been generalized. In this paper we want to extend those results to multimodal networks. In particular we deal with a hypergraph type that may be used for describing multimodal network where a hyperlink connects nodes from each of the modalities. We introduce a generalisation of PageRank for such graphs and define the respective random walk model that can be used for computations. We state and prove theorems on the limit of outflow of authority for cases where individual modalities have identical and distinct damping factors.

7

Towards a solar cadastre – a review of global solutions

Cienciała Agnieszka, Bieda Agnieszka

Roczniki Geomatyki

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2021

|

T. 19, z. 3(94)

65--71

EN

Climate change is causing humanity to think increasingly about moving away from traditional energy sources, which are one of the causes of the greenhouse effect. The sun is of particular interest as a source of clean energy. The interest in solar energy causes that increasing number of people start to discuss the need to implement registers that gather information about the energy potential of specific parts of the space we live in. In addition, there is also a talk of simultaneously registering solar energy installations. Since, in the age of globalisation, the compilation of such databases should be standardised, the authors attempt to answer the following research questions in their presentation: (i) what information should be contained in databases that collect information on solar energy generation; (ii) what functionality should tool for recording and sharing this data have? These were answered by reviewing and analysing solutions worldwide.

PL

Obserwowane zmiany klimatu powodują, że ludzkość coraz intensywniej myśli o odejściu od tradycyjnych źródeł energii, które są jednym z powodów efektu cieplarnianego. Szczególnym zainteresowaniem, jako źródło czystej energii, darzone jest Słońce. Zainteresowanie energią słoneczną powoduje, że coraz częściej zaczyna dyskutować się o potrzebie wdrożenia rejestrów gromadzących informacje o potencjalne energetycznym jaki posiadają konkretne fragmenty przestrzeni, w której żyjemy. Dodatkowo, mówi się także o jednoczesnym zewidencjonowaniu instalacjach służących do pozyskiwania energii solarnej. Ponieważ w dobie globalizacji, sporządzanie takich baz powinno zostać ujednolicone, Autorki w swoim wystąpieniu próbują odpowiedzieć na następujące pytania badawcze: (i) jakie informacje powinny zawierać bazy danych, w których zbierane są informacje dotyczące wytwarzania energii słonecznej?; (ii) jakie funkcjonalności powinny mieć narzędzia do ewidencjonowania i udostępniania tych danych? Odpowiedź na nie była możliwa dzięki przeglądowi i analizie rozwiązań stosowanych na świecie.

8

Forecasting the confidence interval of efficiency in fuzzy DEA

Kafi Azarnoosh, Daneshian Behrouz, Rostamy-Malkhalifeh Mohsen

Operations Research and Decisions

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2021

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Vol. 31, No. 1

41--59

EN

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a well-known method that based on inputs and outputs calculates the efficiency of decision-making units (DMUs). Comparing the efficiency and ranking of DMUs in different periods lets the decision-makers prevent any loss in the productivity of units and improve the production planning. Despite the merits of DEA models, they are not able to forecast the efficiency of future periods with known input/output records of the DMUs. With this end in view, this study aims at proposing a forecasting algorithm with a 95% confidence interval to generate fuzzy data sets for future periods. Moreover, managers’ opinions are inserted in the proposed forecasting model. Equipped with the forecasted data sets and concerning the data sets from earlier periods, this model can rightly forecast the efficiency of the future periods. The proposed procedure also employs the simple geometric mean to discriminate between efficient units. Examples from a real case including 20 automobile firms show the applicability of the proposed algorithm.

9

Evaluation and Ranking the Resilient Suppliers with the Combination of Decision Making Techniques

Ajalli Mehdi, Saberifard Nima, Zinati Babak

Management and Production Engineering Review

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2021

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Vol. 13, No. 3

129--140

EN

Supply chain management emerged as the ultimate management strategy to ensure the competitive advantages of companies in their markets. Suppliers are considered as inevitable sources of external risks in modern supply chains. In this respect, resonance is essential for the ability to adapt in resonance to disturbances and to restore in choosing suppliers. As suppliers of critical resources are vulnerable, choosing better suppliers to create resilience, and thereby reducing the risks in the supply chain as a whole. In recent years, emphasis has been placed on supply chain resilience and resilient suppliers, but few studies have been conducted on the evaluation and selection of resilient suppliers with multi-criteria decision making models. The main purposes of this study are a broad review of the literature on the resilient factor, factorization, efficiency of key factors in the reliance of suppliers and the ranking of resilient suppliers using the combined approach of SWARA and WASPAS. For this purpose, after a comprehensive review of Literature interview with the experts of petrochemical upstream industry, six key factors and overall resilience of suppliers were identified in eighteen factors. Then the weight of the dimensions was determined by using the SWARA method. The output of the method showed that supplier accountability and key performance factors were the most important factors in assessing the resilience of suppliers. Using the supporting method, five resilient suppliers were evaluated based on six dimensions and the final ranking of suppliers was determined. With this ranking, the industry will be a major step towards improving supply chain and increasing suppliers’ resilience to address disruptions and risks, improve supply and achieve competitive advantage and satisfy the consumers’ needs.

10

Gospodarka platform internetowych a bhp

Skład Anna

Bezpieczeństwo Pracy : nauka i praktyka

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2021

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nr 3

10-14

PL

Gospodarka platform internetowych jest umownym pojęciem używanym do określenia ogółu przedsiębiorstw, osób fizycznych oraz internetowych platform, współpracujących w modelu biznesowym, w którym platformy pełnią rolę pośredników pomiędzy pozostałymi podmiotami będącymi dostawcami i odbiorcami określonych dóbr. W artykule omówiono część tej gospodarki, obejmującą platformy pośredniczące w odpłatnym świadczeniu usług. Wyodrębniono właściwości gospodarki platform internetowych, które wywierają wpływ na bezpieczeństwo i higienę pracy osób świadczących usługi. Stwierdzono, że sposób organizacji pracy w gospodarce platform internetowych wpływa negatywnie na poziom bhp, powodując powstanie nowych zagrożeń bądź powiększając ryzyko związane z istniejącymi. Postuluje się kontynuowanie i pogłębianie badań dotyczących bhp w gospodarce platform internetowych celem zidentyfikowania źródeł zagrożeń i opracowania środków profilaktycznych w postaci rozwiązań prawnych i organizacyjnych.

EN

The platform economy is a conventional term used to describe enterprises, individuals and Internet platforms, cooperating with each other under a business model in which the platforms act as intermediaries between remaining two parties that are suppliers and recipients of specific goods. The article discusses the part of this economy that includes platforms intermediating in the provision of services against payment. The characteristics of the platform economy, which have an impact on the health and safety at work of workers providing services, were identified and the nature of this impact was characterized. It was found that the work organization in the platform economy has a negative impact on the health and safety, causing new hazards or increasing the risk associated with the existing ones. It is postulated to continue and deepen research on OSH in the platform economy in order to identify sources of hazards and develop preventive measures in the form of legal and organizational solutions.

11

Assessment of mixed network processes with shared inputs and undesirable factors

Nematizadeh Maryam, Amirteimoori Alireza, Kordrostami Sohrab, Vaez-Ghasemi Mohsen

Operations Research and Decisions

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2020

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Vol. 30, No. 1

97--118

EN

In the real world, there are processes whose structures are like a parallel-series mixed network. Network data envelopment analysis (NDEA) is one of the appropriate methods for assessing the performance of processes with these structures. In the paper, mixed processes with two parallel and series components are considered, in which the first component or parallel section consists of the shared inputs, and the second component or series section consists of undesirable factors. By considering the weak disposability assumption for undesirable factors, a DEA approach as based on network slackbased measure (NSBM) is introduced to evaluate the performance of processes with mixed structures. The proposed model is illustrated with a real case study. Then, the model is developed to discriminate efficient units.

12

On the Singular Value Decomposition and Ranking Techniques

Zizler P., Thangarajah P., Sobhanzadeh M.

Computational Methods in Science and Technology

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2020

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Vol. 26, No. 1

15--20

EN

Let A be a positive non-singular n×n matrix. An approximation for a positive eigenvector for A∗A corresponding to the dominant singular value of A was suggested as the normalized version of a weighted sum of the rows of A with weights being the euclidean norms of the rows of A. In our paper we give a justification for this approach via the iteration of the power method and we show numerically that choosing the l1 norm yields better results. Applications of our results are given to ranking techniques.

13

A New Approach to Evaluate Fabric Hand Based on Three-Dimensional Drape Model

Hussain Azmat, Zhong Yueqi, Naveed Tayyab, Yu Zhicai, Xi Zhang, Ge Wu

Autex Research Journal

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2020

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Vol. 20, no. 2

155--167

EN

Fabric quality and performance is assessed subjectively by the customer using an important and complex phenomenon of fabric hand. Objectively, it is evaluated with complicated and expensive instruments, such as Kawabata Evaluation System for Fabrics (KES-F) and Fabric Assurance with Simple Testing (FAST). The present research explores a non-touch objective approach, i.e., three-dimensional (3D) drape model to estimate fabric hand. Fabric hand prediction was testified on different commercial fabrics spanning a wide range of areal weight, thickness, yarn count, and fabric density. Fabric objective ranks based on drape indicators using principal component analysis (PCA) were compared with subjective ranks of fabric hand. Additionally, fabric drape is evaluated three dimensionally and a new drape indicator drape height (DH) is proposed. The cosine similarity results have proved fabric drape as an objective alternate to fabric hand.

14

Primenenie metodov marketinga dlâ povyšeniâ èffektivnosti kommerčeskogo predpriâtiâ

Ditman T., Nordin Victor

Systemy Wspomagania w Inżynierii Produkcji

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2019

|

Vol. 8, iss. 2

32--45

EN

The article analyzes the range of production and commercial enterprises using the methods of ABC, XYZ – analysis. To identify more profitable positions and measures to increase profits, the commodity positions of the enterprise are ranked. The analysis of marketing directions using the method of paired comparisons in order to identify the most effective of them to promote products and ranking the order of application, as well as the distribution of resources between them. An assessment of the price risk of the goods, with which it was revealed the projected value of the income of the enterprise in the sale of goods. Risk assessment is made for further development of the marketing strategy of the enterprise.

15

Recommendations as a result of decision evaluations based on reference examples

Kwiatkowski Włodzimierz

Przegląd Teleinformatyczny

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2019

|

T. 7, Nr 1-2 (48)

1--23

EN

The problem of evaluation of decisions is considered, which evaluation consists in selecting from the set of possible decisions those that meet the decision-maker's preferences. The added value of solving this problem lies in the reduction of the number of decisions one can choose. Evaluation of decisions is based on their complete characteristics, rather than on a pre-defined quality indicator. The basis for the quality assessment are given pattern examples of decisions made. These are decisions that the decision maker has found to be exemplary or acceptable. They are used as defining his preferences. The methods proposed in this article concern the ordering and clustering of decisions based on their characteristics. The set of decisions selected by an algorithm is interpreted as recommended for the decision maker. Presented solutions can find a variety of applications, for example in investment planning, routing, diagnostics or searching through multimedia databases.

PL

Rozpatrywany jest problem ewaluacji decyzji polegający na wytypowaniu spośród możliwych decyzji tych, które spełniają preferencje decydenta. Użyteczność rozwiązania problemu polega na zredukowaniu liczby możliwych do wyboru decyzji. Ewaluacja decyzji bazuje na ich kompletnych charakterystykach, a nie na wcześniej zdefiniowanym wskaźniku jakości. Podstawą oceny jakości są wzorcowe przykłady decyzji. Są to decyzje, które decydent uznał za doskonałe lub akceptowalne. Wskazane przez decydenta przykłady są wykorzystywane jako określające jego preferencje. Proponowane w artykule metody dotyczą porządkowania i grupowania decyzji na podstawie ich charakterystyk. Wytypowany zbiór decyzji jest interpretowany jako rekomendowany dla decydenta. Przedstawione rozwiązania mogą znaleźć różnorakie zastosowania, np. w planowaniu inwestycji, trasowaniu, diagnostyce czy przeszukiwaniu multimedialnych baz danych.

16

Spatial diversity of tourism attractiveness of the Nowy Sącz district, using the Wrocław taxonomic method

Gawroński Krzysztof, Król Karol, Gawrońska Grażyna, Leśniara Natalia

Geomatics, Landmanagement and Landscape

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2019

|

no. 2

37--54

EN

Designation of areas that are attractive from the point of view of tourism is possible by assessing – among other things – the occurrence of tourist attractions in these areas, which become popular tourist destinations, as well as the presence of tourist infrastructure, which makes it possible to take full advantage of these assets. Such assessment can be made on the basis of statistical data analysis, carried out using taxonomic methods. The purpose of the study is to assess the spatial diversity of tourism attractiveness of the Nowy Sącz district (poviat), including the city of Nowy Sącz. The studies applied zeroed unitarization and Wrocław taxonomic method. It has been demonstrated that the majority of the municipalities in the Nowy Sącz district show similarities in terms of tourist attractiveness (according to the adopted research model).

PL

Wydzielanie obszarów atrakcyjnych turystycznie możliwe jest w drodze oceny występowania na tych obszarach m.in. walorów turystycznych będących celem przyjazdów turystów oraz infrastruktury turystycznej, która umożliwia pełne wykorzystanie tych walorów. Oceny tej dokonać można na podstawie analizy danych statystycznych, przeprowadzonej przy pomocy metod taksonomicznych. Celem pracy jest ocena zróżnicowania przestrzennego atrakcyjności turystycznej powiatu nowosądeckiego z uwzględnieniem miasta Nowy Sącz. W badaniach zastosowano unitaryzację zerowaną oraz taksonomię wrocławską. Wykazano, że większość gmin powiatu nowosądeckiego jest do siebie podobna pod względem atrakcyjności turystycznej (w przyjętym modelu badań).

17

Finding the Adequate Location Scenario After the Merger of Fire Brigades Thanks to Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis Methods

Aldabbas M., Venteicher F., Gerber L., Widmer M.

Foundations of Computing and Decision Sciences

|

2018

|

Vol. 43, No. 2

69--88

EN

This paper addresses the issue of selecting a suitable location for a fire station in canton of Fribourg, as a result of a fire brigades’ merger, by applying Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) methods. Solving the problem of determining fire station locations through various methods has been analyzed in-depth by researchers. However, a different approach, based on application of ELECTRE I and ELECTRE II methods is advanced in this paper. The selection of the most suitable fire station site is obtained by applying the designated methods to five distinctive alternatives (called scenarios), taking into consideration the relatively limited information and specifics, and the extensive number of relevant criteria that summed up to sixty-one. Taking the merger of the three local fire departments as an example, the proposed methods for selecting a suitable location for the fire station demonstrate and justify the reason behind this choice. Research shows that the applied methods have been proven to be useful and powerful tools that exhibited acceptable levels of consistency when selecting the best project. The main finding is that one scenario in particular proved to be preferred over the others and most suitable in determining the fire station location.

18

Main problems of the evaluation and selection of advanced weapon systems exemplified by a multi-role combat aircraft

Kozakiewicz A., Wróblewski M.

Biuletyn Wojskowej Akademii Technicznej

|

2018

|

Vol. 67, nr 3

115--127

EN

This paper presents a selection of issues related to the methods of evaluation and selection of advanced weapon systems for armed forces. The paper’s focus is ranking in the form of typical Multidimensional Comparative Analysis Methods, and the AHP method which represents a large group of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis methods. Both methods were illustrated with a practical computational example related to combat aircraft. The example can help determine the defensive capabilities of friendly forces; it can also support the decision-making process in the acquisition of novel armament, including aircraft, ships, surface-to-air missile defense systems, etc.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wybrane zagadnienia związane z metodami oceny i wyboru dla potrzeb sił zbrojnych zaawansowanych technicznie systemów uzbrojenia. Skupiono się na rankingowaniu jako typowej technice wielowymiarowej analizy porównawczej oraz metodzie AHP należącej do licznego grona metod wielokryterialnej analizy decyzyjnej. Obie metody zilustrowano praktycznym przykładem obliczeniowym dotyczącym samolotów bojowych. Przykład ten z jednej strony może służyć do określenia własnego potencjału obronnego, z drugiej zaś może być wykorzystany do wspomagania procesu decyzyjnego związanego z pozyskiwaniem nowego typu uzbrojenia jak np. samoloty, okręty, systemy obrony rakietowej itp.

19

An Approach towards economical hierarchic Search over Encrypted Cloud

Sasubilli S., Perichiappan K. A., Kumar P. S., Kumar A.

Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems

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2018

|

Vol. 14

125--129

EN

In display, Cloud registering is the prevailing area in data innovation. With expanded value of information outsourcing of cloud information protection of delicate information turns into a major issue. For the security reason information is encoded before outsourcing. Yet, scrambled information is exceptionally hard to be recovered proficiently. Albeit some conventional scan plans are accessible for looking encoded information, yet these methods are just base on Boolean pursuit and not manage the importance of records. These methodologies experience the ill effects of two principle inadequacies. Right off the bat, on the off chance that one client has no pre-learning of scrambled information, needs to process each recovered record to discover after effects of his utilization. Also, every time recovering every one of the records containing question watchword builds arrange movement. This work is devoted to build up a process for security and compelling recovery of cloud information. Positioned seek enormously enhances the execution by restoring the documents in positioned arrange in light of some closeness importance criteria. To accomplish more viable execution, framework shows an approach for SSE which uses data recovery and cryptography primitives. Thus the execution depends OPSE.

20

Komplektovanie dvuhèlementnyh soedinenij na osnove ranžirovaniâ

Kupriyanov А. V.

Technologia i Automatyzacja Montażu

|

2017

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nr 1

15--20

RU

Предлагается запоминать и эффективно использовать действительные размеры деталей для организации комплектования. Разработаны методы комплектования на основе индивидуального подбора, которые, при сравнимой с селективной сборкой точностью, менее подвержены ее недостаткам: необходимости в большой серийности и низкой вероятности комплектования. Определена эффективность предлагаемых методов. Предложена номограмма для определения страховых запасов деталей для осуществления комплектования.

EN

It is proposed to store and effectively use the actual dimensions of the details for the organization of kitting-up. The methods of kitting-up on the basis of individual match are comparable to the precision of selective assembly, but less susceptible to its shortcomings: the need for a large batch and low probability of kitting-up. The efficiency of the proposed methods is estimated. A nomogram for determining the safety stock of parts for kitting-up is proposed.

PL

W pracy zaproponowano sposób zapamiętywania i efektywnego wykorzystywania rzeczywistych wymiarów części celem zorganizowania kompletowania części koniecznych do montażu. Opracowano metody kompletowania na podstawie indywidualnego doboru, które w porównaniu z selektywnym montażem, pod względem dokładności mają mniej mankamentów, tzn. konieczności dużej seryjności i małego prawdopodobieństwa kompletowania. Wyznaczono efektywność zaproponowanych metod. Zamieszczono nomogram dla wyznaczenia zapasów bezpieczeństwa części koniecznych do kompletowania.