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Water Quality of Traditional Rainwater Storage Tanks in Southern Morocco – Risk for Consumer Health

Gougueni Hicham, Ait Haddou Mohamed, Ez-Zaher Latifa, Bouchriti Youssef, Amiha Rachid, Boutiti Rachida

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 8

9--21

EN

Around the world, the problems of water quality remain a major environmental concern. This study aimed to determine the health risk related to water consumption collected and stored in traditional tanks. In total, 26 water samples from Traditional Rainwater Storage Tanks (TRST) and 11 sediment samples were collected from 13 sites belonging to four different provinces in the Souss Massa region, Morocco. The water samples were subjected to bacteriological and physicochemical analysis. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope analyses were performed to describe the different mineralogical and chemical properties of sediments. The results show that the bacteriological quality is not satisfactory to the required standards in 92% of the samples analyzed. This non-conformity is justified by the presence of microorganism’s indicators of fecal contamination: Total Coliforms (54%), Intestinal Enterococci (62%), Escherichia coli (31%), and Spores of anaerobic sulfite-reducing microorganisms (46%). The physicochemical analyses carried out on the water sampled show that concentrations below the standards recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Moroccan standard of the different parameters studied. The Water Quality Index (WQI) calculated for all TRST ranges from 10 to 15, indicating excellent water quality. The analysis of the distribution of minerals in the various sediment samples taken shows the presence of several minerals in varying quantities without risk to human health. Clay minerals with tectosilicate are the most detected in the reservoirs. This study showed that the consumption of water stored in the TRST would be without risk to the health of the rural population if preventive maintenance and control measures were taken to improve their bacteriological quality.

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Metodyka wyznaczania pojemności zbiornika do gromadzenia wód opadowych w celach nawadniania terenów zielonych na podstawie normy DIN 1989-1:2002-04

Suchanek-Gabzdyl Ewa

Inżynieria Ekologiczna

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2020

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Vol. 21, nr 3

12--16

PL

Obecnie wzrasta zainteresowanie stosowaniem zbiorników do gospodarczego wykorzystania wód opadowych w celu podlewania ogrodów. Zbiornik ma przechwytywać, jak i czasowo przetrzymywać wodę deszczową z rury spustowej, oczyszczoną z elementów stałych dzięki umieszczonemu filtrowi. Wielkość zbiornika zależy od powierzchni dachu z jakiej woda deszczowa jest odprowadzona, zredukowana o współczynnik spływu. Zbiornik powinien być wyposażony w przelew awaryjny, którym zostanie odprowadzony nadmiar wody. Dotychczasowe sposoby obliczenia pojemności zbiornika na deszczówkę (tzw. kalkulatory doboru wielkości zbiornika) są zbyt uproszczone i nie uwzględniają sposobu nawadniania oraz rodzaju gleby. W artykule zaprezentowano dokładniejszy sposób wyznaczania zapotrzebowania na wodę do podlewania ogrodu według niemieckiej normy DIN 1989-1:2002-04.

EN

There is a growing interest in using reservoirs for the economic use of rainwater for watering gardens. The tank is to capture as well as temporarily hold rainwater from the drain pipe, cleaned of solids thanks to the filter. The size of the tank depends on the roof surface from which rainwater is drained, reduced by the runoff factor. The tank should be equipped with an emergency overflow, which will drain excess water. The methods used to calculate the capacity of a rainwater tank so-far (so-called tank size calculators) are too simplistic and do not take into account the way of irrigation and the type of soil. The article presents a more accurate way of determining the demand for water for watering the garden according to the German standard DIN 1989-1: 2002-04.

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Reduction of Treated Water Use through Application of Rainwater Tanks in Households

Madzia Marek

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 20, nr 9

156--161

EN

The civilization progress entails an increasing demand for water. There are many different technologies for collecting water from alternative sources. An efficient and cost-effective solution is to use small tanks for rainwater runoff from rooftops. In this way, the harvested water can be successfully used to flush toilets, which stands for 30 percent of water consumption in households. The capacity of water tanks depends on the technical and economic possibilities. Using a dual flush system in toilets that allows for both rainwater and mains water usage can lead to a significant reduction in the tank size. In Bielsko-Biała, given its environment, one-family dwellings, a rainwater tank with a capacity of only 0.25 m3 per person and a roof area of 30 m2 per person, it is possible to save almost 80 percent of treated mains water used in toilet flushing. It constitutes over 10 m3 of water per person per year. A nomogram made for choosing the right tank according to the roof area and tank capacity allows assessing the possibilities in terms of drinking water savings in any building in the environment of Bielsko-Biała.

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Koncepcja rozwiązania pozyskiwania wody deszczowej jako aspekt projektowania proekologicznego

Ksit B., Pożegowiak A.

Przegląd Budowlany

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2017

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R. 88, nr 9

59--61

PL

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie problemu gromadzenia wód opadowych oraz możliwości ich wtórnego wykorzystania. W opracowaniu zawarto opis specyfiki dachów bagiennych oraz przedstawiono koncepcyjny system kaskadowego odwodnienia w budynku wielorodzinnym.

EN

The aim of the study was present problems of gathering rainwater technology with possible solutions of secondary use. The study contains description of specific of mantle roof and concept of cascading system of dehydration in a multi-family building.